个人住房抵押贷款风险分析及防范
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摘要
个人住房抵押贷款作为一种主要的住房金融工具在银行信贷总额中占有很大的比重,且具有贷款额大、还款期长的特点。在住房抵押贷款市场上,金融机构要面临系统风险和非系统风险。科学分析、有效防范上述风险,完善住房抵押一级市场风险管理机制,是金融业务顺利开展的需要,也是抵押贷款二级市场高效运作、充分发挥其功能的前提。
    目前,国外银行风险分析和管理技术日趋定量化和模型化,风险管理愈加体现出客观性和科学化的特点,但我国住房抵押贷款市场尚处于起步阶段,风险管理方面较为系统的理论研究还很不成熟。
    本文首先对国际主要住房金融模式作了介绍,随后采用定性与定量相结合的方法,对银行在发放个人住房抵押贷款中主要面临的违约风险、利率风险、流动性风险和提前还款风险进行了系统分析。最后在借鉴发达国家住房金融市场风险管理先进经验的基础上,针对我国住房金融发展的实际情况,从国家住房金融制度环境建设的角度出发,对我国个人住房抵押贷款市场风险管理提出了相应的建议,包括以下三方面:建立我国个人信用制度体系、完善抵押贷款保险机制和发展二级市场、推进住房抵押贷款证券化。
As a main tool of housing finance, individual housing mortgage accounts for a great proportion of the bank’s credit line. Due to its large amount and long payment term, financing institutes face great systematic and nonsystematic risks in the mortgage market. To operate financial transactions smoothly, it is essential to analyze the risks scientifically and improve risk prevention mechanism of the primary market, which is also the premise of secondary market working effectively.
     With the risk analysis and management technique quantified and modeled gradually, risk control becomes more and more objective and scientific. Whereas, since china’s mortgage market is still on its primary stage, systemic theory study on this field is immature yet.
    The thesis introduced the main modes of international housing finance and analyzed the four important risks such as credit risk, rate risk, fluidity risk and prepayment risk with qualitative and quantitative methods. Learning advanced experiences from developed countries and aiming at the statues of China’ housing finance market, the thesis tried to improve china’s risk prevention mechanism by putting forward three propositions of building personal credit system, perfecting mortgage insurance mechanism and developing mortgage backed-security market, which are helpful to control and prevent risks of China’s mortgage market.
引文
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