加砌块墙体裂缝治理中的砂浆性能研究
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摘要
随着环境保护与可持续发展越来越成为当今建筑业的热点问题，加气混凝土砌块作为一种新型墙体材料应运而生，它特有的集高强、保温隔热、质量轻、可加工性强等一系列优点为一体的特点使得建筑过程更为有效、省时、省力，从而倍受建筑业的欢迎，被广泛用作多层、高层和加层建筑的墙体材料。然而，由于加气混凝土本身特有的多孔结构和吸水特性，采用普通砂浆砌筑与抹灰，即使按现行加气混凝土砌块施工规定的方法施工，由于实际操作工艺复杂，各工序质量难以保证，依然有墙体开裂，抹灰层大面积龟裂和局部起鼓、空壳、脱落等现象。工程技术人员急需找到一种能满足设计要求的防裂缝专用砂浆。本文就是在这个大背景下，通过研究一种蒸压粉煤灰加气混凝土砌块专用配套材料(砌筑与抹灰砂浆)的性能，分析其与蒸压加气混凝土砌块墙材特性的相匹配性，从而找到治理加气混凝土砌块墙体开裂、空鼓的现实有效的方法。
本文概述了加气混凝土砌块墙体开裂情况和开裂原因，并从力学，加气混凝土砌块材料特性，普通砂浆特性，施工工艺等方面分析了加气混凝土砌块墙体的裂缝开裂机理，分析了加气混凝土砌块专用砂浆研究的可行性。并根据专用砂浆中复合外加剂的各个组分(保水剂、聚合物、无机矿物等)对砂浆主要性能(保水性、强度、收缩性、抗弯性等)的影响来确定每个组分的掺量范围，再通过正交实验确定最佳配合比，然后就普通砂浆与专用砂浆的保水性、抗压强度和粘结强度、收缩值、抗弯曲性能以及其它性能进行了对比，对比结果表明专用砂浆的保水性、抗压强度和粘结强度、收缩值、抗弯曲性能以及其它性能较普通砂浆都有了很大的提高，说明加气混凝土砌块专用砂浆在一定程度上可以改善加气混凝土砌块墙体的开裂情况。并且对加气混凝土砌块墙体防裂配套材料应用技术进行了研究，就专用砂浆在试点工程中的使用情况进行了调查分析。结果表明采用专用砂浆的技术方案是能够达到设计要求的，不失为加气混凝土砌块墙体裂缝治理中一条现实可行的方法。
With environmental compatibility and sustainability becoming increasingly important issues in the construction industry, AAC has emerged as the ultimate building material. Its unique combination of superior strength, lightweight, heat-insulating and workability makes the construction process much more efficient, saving both time and labor costs. Due to AAC's unique cell structure and absorbing water propriety, However, There are still many problems, when we adopt ordinary mortar to construct and plasterer ash, such as wall crack, big area of layer of plasterer ash crack and partially hollow drum, even according to present AAC technical specifications, for the actual operation craft is so complicated that It is very to guarantee each preface quality. Engineering and technical personnel need to find out urgently an AAC exclusive mortar that can meet the design need. Under this big background, the text come up with the conceive-to study the behavior of an AAC exclusive affiliate material (building and plaster r
ing ash mortar), and analyze how it match with AAC brick's characteristics. Consequentially, we can find a practical efficient way for the AAC brick walling to defend crack and hollow drum.
The text summarized the situations and factors of AAC brick walling's crack, and in the terms of mechanics, AAC material characteristics, ordinary mortar characteristics, constructing craft, we analyze the principle of AAC brick walling crack and feasibility of AAC brick exclusive mortar research. According to each ingredients (water retaining admixture, polymer, inorganic mineral)' effect to mortar's behaviors (water relentivity, strength, contractility) in exclusive mortar 's composite addition, the text defines each ingredient's quantity scope, then define the mix through cross experiment. We compared the AAC exclusive mortar's behaviors such as water relentivity, compressive strength, binding strength, shrinkage, flexural strength and others to ordinary mortar's ones, It turn out to be that there is much improve in former's behaviors such as water relentivity, compressive strength, binding strength, shrinkage, flexural strength etc, It also shows that the AAC exclusive mortar can improve the crack in AAC
brick walling to a certain degree. At last, we study the application technical for AAC exclusive affiliate material and investigate exclusive mortar's application condition in the pilot project, the survey shows that to adopt exclusive mortar's technical scheme is enough to meet design's need. We confine surely that It is a practicable efficient way in harnessing AAC brick walling's crack.
本文概述了加气混凝土砌块墙体开裂情况和开裂原因，并从力学，加气混凝土砌块材料特性，普通砂浆特性，施工工艺等方面分析了加气混凝土砌块墙体的裂缝开裂机理，分析了加气混凝土砌块专用砂浆研究的可行性。并根据专用砂浆中复合外加剂的各个组分(保水剂、聚合物、无机矿物等)对砂浆主要性能(保水性、强度、收缩性、抗弯性等)的影响来确定每个组分的掺量范围，再通过正交实验确定最佳配合比，然后就普通砂浆与专用砂浆的保水性、抗压强度和粘结强度、收缩值、抗弯曲性能以及其它性能进行了对比，对比结果表明专用砂浆的保水性、抗压强度和粘结强度、收缩值、抗弯曲性能以及其它性能较普通砂浆都有了很大的提高，说明加气混凝土砌块专用砂浆在一定程度上可以改善加气混凝土砌块墙体的开裂情况。并且对加气混凝土砌块墙体防裂配套材料应用技术进行了研究，就专用砂浆在试点工程中的使用情况进行了调查分析。结果表明采用专用砂浆的技术方案是能够达到设计要求的，不失为加气混凝土砌块墙体裂缝治理中一条现实可行的方法。
With environmental compatibility and sustainability becoming increasingly important issues in the construction industry, AAC has emerged as the ultimate building material. Its unique combination of superior strength, lightweight, heat-insulating and workability makes the construction process much more efficient, saving both time and labor costs. Due to AAC's unique cell structure and absorbing water propriety, However, There are still many problems, when we adopt ordinary mortar to construct and plasterer ash, such as wall crack, big area of layer of plasterer ash crack and partially hollow drum, even according to present AAC technical specifications, for the actual operation craft is so complicated that It is very to guarantee each preface quality. Engineering and technical personnel need to find out urgently an AAC exclusive mortar that can meet the design need. Under this big background, the text come up with the conceive-to study the behavior of an AAC exclusive affiliate material (building and plaster r
ing ash mortar), and analyze how it match with AAC brick's characteristics. Consequentially, we can find a practical efficient way for the AAC brick walling to defend crack and hollow drum.
The text summarized the situations and factors of AAC brick walling's crack, and in the terms of mechanics, AAC material characteristics, ordinary mortar characteristics, constructing craft, we analyze the principle of AAC brick walling crack and feasibility of AAC brick exclusive mortar research. According to each ingredients (water retaining admixture, polymer, inorganic mineral)' effect to mortar's behaviors (water relentivity, strength, contractility) in exclusive mortar 's composite addition, the text defines each ingredient's quantity scope, then define the mix through cross experiment. We compared the AAC exclusive mortar's behaviors such as water relentivity, compressive strength, binding strength, shrinkage, flexural strength and others to ordinary mortar's ones, It turn out to be that there is much improve in former's behaviors such as water relentivity, compressive strength, binding strength, shrinkage, flexural strength etc, It also shows that the AAC exclusive mortar can improve the crack in AAC
brick walling to a certain degree. At last, we study the application technical for AAC exclusive affiliate material and investigate exclusive mortar's application condition in the pilot project, the survey shows that to adopt exclusive mortar's technical scheme is enough to meet design's need. We confine surely that It is a practicable efficient way in harnessing AAC brick walling's crack.
引文
[1] 中华人民共和国国家标准《砌体结构设计规范》(6BJ7—88)．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1988
[2] 中华人民共和国国家标准《蒸压加气混凝土砌块》(GB/T1968—1997)．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[3] 赵国潘主编，钢筋混凝土结构的裂缝控制，海洋出版社 1991。2
[4] 蔡四维蔡敏编著，混凝寺土的损伤断裂，人民交通出版社，1998。7
[5] 王立久，姚少臣编著，建筑病理学，中国电力出版社，2001。10
[6] 结构工程师专用规范选，中国建筑工业出版社
[7] 建筑材料应用技术规范，中国建筑工业出版社，1997，12
[8] 殷中海，蒸压粉煤灰加气混凝土砌块专用砂浆的研制及应用。
[9] 高连玉，加气混凝土砌块建筑顶层墙体裂缝的发生与防治，加气混凝土砌块工业，1989(4)
[10] 杨松，DI型系列专用砂浆研究，新型建筑材料，1992，(5)
[11] 秦莉莉，粉煤灰加气混凝土砌块专用抹灰砂浆的研制，粉煤灰综合利用，1994。(4)
[12] 姚谏，砂浆受力性能对加气混凝土砌块墙体轴心受压稳定系数影响的计算机模拟分析，加气混凝土砌块工业，1993，(2)
[13] 刘元林，加气混凝土砌块专用砂浆的研制与应用，加气混凝土砌块工业 1993，(1)
[14] 陶有生，加气混凝砌筑，抹灰灰浆的配制，应用及粘结力试验，加气混凝土砌块工业，1990(4)
[15] 过镇海，张崇厚，墙体通缝抗剪制度-合理试验方法研究。
[16] 姚谏，砂浆抗压性能对加气混凝土砌块墙体稳定系数后影响的计算机模拟计算。浙江建筑，1994，(3)
[17] 高连玉，DI-2.3型专用砂浆加混凝土墙体剪切及包饰面粘结试验，硅酸盐建筑制品，1994，(5)
[18] 高连玉，DI系列专用砂浆研制及应用，硅酸盐建筑制品，1994，(2)
[19] 严家熺，粉煤灰加气混凝土砌块墙体抗压强度，加气混凝土砌块工业，1993(2)
[20] 王潇州，加气混凝土砌块墙体的质量问题及措施，四川建材，2002。(1)
[21] 陆洁，如何预防加气混凝土砌块产品国家标准的思考房材与应用 2002。28(2)
[22] 黄振林，加气混凝土砌块墙面抹灰层空裂原因及解决方案，墙材革新与建筑节能2002，(4)
[23] 刘世福，加气混凝土砌块墙体抹灰开裂空鼓的成因及防治措施，安微建筑，2002，9(3)
[24] 程丽萍，浅析加气混凝土砌块墙体抹灰空鼓裂缝的原因及预防措施，加气混凝土砌块，2002，(2)
[25] 邬时畅，加气混凝土砌块填充墙裂缝原因及防治，重庆建筑，2002(2)
[26] 刘军华，加气混凝土砌块墙体裂缝问题深讨，建筑与预算，2001(5)
[27] 王德洪，加气混凝土砌块墙体与其墙面抹灰层裂缝问题的深讨，浙江建筑，1999，(2)
[28] 单兴万，气混凝土砌块墙抹灰面裂缝的成因及防治措施，辽宁建材，2001，(3)
[29] 李玉华，气混凝土砌块墙体裂缝问题浅析，建材，建筑，装修，2001，(4)
[30] 刘军华，加气混凝土砌块墙体裂缝问题深讨，建筑与预算，2000，(2)
[31] 刘庆丰，煤渣混凝土小型空心砌块墙体裂缝原因与防治，河北煤炭，2002，(3)
[32] 朱志来，技术问题：墙体结构工程质量控制中不容忽视的问题，辽宁师专学校，自然科学版，2002，4(2)
[33] 何水清，粉煤灰气混凝土砌块裂缝、裂纹、空鼓预防措施，建材标准化与质量管理，2002，(6)
[34] 袁天生，加气混凝土砌块专用砂浆，新型建筑材料，1991(5)
[35] 陶有生，加气混凝土砌块砌筑，抹灰灰浆的配制，应用及粘结力试验，加气混凝土砌块工业，1990，(3)
[36] 蔡洁，灰砂砖墙体裂缝试验及仿真研究，武汉理工大学硕士论文，2002，5
[37] 李庆富，怎样控制加气混凝土砌块抹灰空裂，建筑工人，1997，(12)
[38] 叶肖琴，JH加气混凝土砌块抹灰砂浆的研制，北京建材，1990，(1)
[39] 岳宇晓，陈飞，墙体材料在工程设计中的改革与应用，山东建材，1999，(4)
[40] 陈巧珍，建筑材料试验计算手册，广东科技出版社。王铁梦，建筑的裂缝控制，上海科学技术出版社，1986．10
[41] 王铁梦，建筑的裂缝控制，上海科学技术出版社，1986．10
[42] 高琼英主编，建筑材料，武汉理工大学出版社 2002。2
[43] Ashram Handbook of fundamentals chaps 21～26, American society for Heating, refrigerating and air conditioning engineers, 1985
[44] ISO 6946/2—1986(E), International Standard, Thermal insulation～calculation methods-part2: Thermal bridges of rectangular sections in plane Structures, 1986。11
[45] Francisco Aruni—nco, Ph·D, the PEROB System Volume Ⅱ User's Manual, 1979, (1)
[46] Scientifique and technical Building, UNIFIED CIDE OF PRACTICS RULESTh-K77, RULES FOR CALCULATNGPRACTICAL, THERMAL, PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS, FRANCE。
[47] Wang suqing Energy Efficiency In Buildings Should Be Done, From Design and Design Management, No。1。2009
[48] Pall Thoft—Christensen and Michael·Baker, Structure Reliability Theory and Its Applications, 1982
[2] 中华人民共和国国家标准《蒸压加气混凝土砌块》(GB/T1968—1997)．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[3] 赵国潘主编，钢筋混凝土结构的裂缝控制，海洋出版社 1991。2
[4] 蔡四维蔡敏编著，混凝寺土的损伤断裂，人民交通出版社，1998。7
[5] 王立久，姚少臣编著，建筑病理学，中国电力出版社，2001。10
[6] 结构工程师专用规范选，中国建筑工业出版社
[7] 建筑材料应用技术规范，中国建筑工业出版社，1997，12
[8] 殷中海，蒸压粉煤灰加气混凝土砌块专用砂浆的研制及应用。
[9] 高连玉，加气混凝土砌块建筑顶层墙体裂缝的发生与防治，加气混凝土砌块工业，1989(4)
[10] 杨松，DI型系列专用砂浆研究，新型建筑材料，1992，(5)
[11] 秦莉莉，粉煤灰加气混凝土砌块专用抹灰砂浆的研制，粉煤灰综合利用，1994。(4)
[12] 姚谏，砂浆受力性能对加气混凝土砌块墙体轴心受压稳定系数影响的计算机模拟分析，加气混凝土砌块工业，1993，(2)
[13] 刘元林，加气混凝土砌块专用砂浆的研制与应用，加气混凝土砌块工业 1993，(1)
[14] 陶有生，加气混凝砌筑，抹灰灰浆的配制，应用及粘结力试验，加气混凝土砌块工业，1990(4)
[15] 过镇海，张崇厚，墙体通缝抗剪制度-合理试验方法研究。
[16] 姚谏，砂浆抗压性能对加气混凝土砌块墙体稳定系数后影响的计算机模拟计算。浙江建筑，1994，(3)
[17] 高连玉，DI-2.3型专用砂浆加混凝土墙体剪切及包饰面粘结试验，硅酸盐建筑制品，1994，(5)
[18] 高连玉，DI系列专用砂浆研制及应用，硅酸盐建筑制品，1994，(2)
[19] 严家熺，粉煤灰加气混凝土砌块墙体抗压强度，加气混凝土砌块工业，1993(2)
[20] 王潇州，加气混凝土砌块墙体的质量问题及措施，四川建材，2002。(1)
[21] 陆洁，如何预防加气混凝土砌块产品国家标准的思考房材与应用 2002。28(2)
[22] 黄振林，加气混凝土砌块墙面抹灰层空裂原因及解决方案，墙材革新与建筑节能2002，(4)
[23] 刘世福，加气混凝土砌块墙体抹灰开裂空鼓的成因及防治措施，安微建筑，2002，9(3)
[24] 程丽萍，浅析加气混凝土砌块墙体抹灰空鼓裂缝的原因及预防措施，加气混凝土砌块，2002，(2)
[25] 邬时畅，加气混凝土砌块填充墙裂缝原因及防治，重庆建筑，2002(2)
[26] 刘军华，加气混凝土砌块墙体裂缝问题深讨，建筑与预算，2001(5)
[27] 王德洪，加气混凝土砌块墙体与其墙面抹灰层裂缝问题的深讨，浙江建筑，1999，(2)
[28] 单兴万，气混凝土砌块墙抹灰面裂缝的成因及防治措施，辽宁建材，2001，(3)
[29] 李玉华，气混凝土砌块墙体裂缝问题浅析，建材，建筑，装修，2001，(4)
[30] 刘军华，加气混凝土砌块墙体裂缝问题深讨，建筑与预算，2000，(2)
[31] 刘庆丰，煤渣混凝土小型空心砌块墙体裂缝原因与防治，河北煤炭，2002，(3)
[32] 朱志来，技术问题：墙体结构工程质量控制中不容忽视的问题，辽宁师专学校，自然科学版，2002，4(2)
[33] 何水清，粉煤灰气混凝土砌块裂缝、裂纹、空鼓预防措施，建材标准化与质量管理，2002，(6)
[34] 袁天生，加气混凝土砌块专用砂浆，新型建筑材料，1991(5)
[35] 陶有生，加气混凝土砌块砌筑，抹灰灰浆的配制，应用及粘结力试验，加气混凝土砌块工业，1990，(3)
[36] 蔡洁，灰砂砖墙体裂缝试验及仿真研究，武汉理工大学硕士论文，2002，5
[37] 李庆富，怎样控制加气混凝土砌块抹灰空裂，建筑工人，1997，(12)
[38] 叶肖琴，JH加气混凝土砌块抹灰砂浆的研制，北京建材，1990，(1)
[39] 岳宇晓，陈飞，墙体材料在工程设计中的改革与应用，山东建材，1999，(4)
[40] 陈巧珍，建筑材料试验计算手册，广东科技出版社。王铁梦，建筑的裂缝控制，上海科学技术出版社，1986．10
[41] 王铁梦，建筑的裂缝控制，上海科学技术出版社，1986．10
[42] 高琼英主编，建筑材料，武汉理工大学出版社 2002。2
[43] Ashram Handbook of fundamentals chaps 21～26, American society for Heating, refrigerating and air conditioning engineers, 1985
[44] ISO 6946/2—1986(E), International Standard, Thermal insulation～calculation methods-part2: Thermal bridges of rectangular sections in plane Structures, 1986。11
[45] Francisco Aruni—nco, Ph·D, the PEROB System Volume Ⅱ User's Manual, 1979, (1)
[46] Scientifique and technical Building, UNIFIED CIDE OF PRACTICS RULESTh-K77, RULES FOR CALCULATNGPRACTICAL, THERMAL, PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS, FRANCE。
[47] Wang suqing Energy Efficiency In Buildings Should Be Done, From Design and Design Management, No。1。2009
[48] Pall Thoft—Christensen and Michael·Baker, Structure Reliability Theory and Its Applications, 1982