太阳墙系统热性能的研究
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摘要
随着经济和生产的高速发展以及人们生活水平的提高,人们所面临的能源和环境压力也越来越大。太阳能是最重要的可再生能源之一,具有清洁、丰富和分布广泛等优点。太阳墙系统是太阳能空气加热技术与建筑一体化的有效结合,充分利用了太阳能和室外新鲜空气来为室内提供热量和足够的新风,为太阳能热利用提供了一种新的途径。
本课题主要从实验和理论分析两个方面对无盖板渗透型太阳能空气集热器(太阳墙)在实际建筑应用中的热性能进行研究。文中介绍了太阳墙系统热性能实验台的搭建过程以及实验过程中所需要的试验仪表。通过实验,对太阳墙系统各部分温度在闷晒和抽吸工况下进行了分析。研究发现集热板内表面温度要高于外表面温度,并且这个温差随着系统运行风量的加大而逐渐减小。通过实验数据,分析了一些动态参数对太阳墙系统热性能的影响。发现在室外空气温度和太阳辐射强度都变化不大的时段里,太阳墙系统在高档风量运行下集热效率更高,而在低档风量运行下集热效率较低。分析了安装太阳墙系统后,对建筑外墙体的影响以及太阳墙集热板表面温度分布问题。
理论分析了太阳墙系统热损失问题,并得建立了太阳墙板能量平衡方程。根据理论模型,通过数值计算分析了太阳辐射强度、室外风速、表面抽吸速率、室外空气温度以及集热板的吸收率、发射率等对太阳墙系统热性能的影响。
With the rapid development of the economy and production, and the improvement of people's living standards, the energy and environmental pressure which people are facing is increasing. Solar energy is one of the most important renewable energy sources with clean, abundant and widely distributed and so on. Solar wall system is effective integration of solar air heating technology and building integration, which makes full use of solar energy and fresh outdoor air to provide heat and sufficient fresh air for the indoor. Solar wall system provides a new way of heat utilization of the solar.
The paper investigate the thermal performance of unglazed transpired solar air collector (solar wall) applying in the actual building by experimental research and theoretical analysis. The paper presents the construction of the experimental platform of the thermal performance of solar wall system, and the structures needed in the experiment. Through the experiment, temperature of every part of solar wall system is analyzed both in drying and suction conditions. By studying, find that the inner surface temperature of the absorber is higher than the outer surface temperature, and the temperature difference gradually reduce with the increase of the operation air volume. Through the experimental data, analysis of the effect on the thermal performance of the solar wall system by a number of dynamic parameters is done. During the period when the outdoor air temperature and solar radiation intensity have changed little, the heat collecting efficiency of the solar wall system is higher in the high operation air volume and is lower in the low operation air volume. Analysis of the effect on the out wall after the solar wall system is installed as well as the surface temperature distribution of the solar collector plate.
The problem of heat loss of the solar wall system is analyzed theoretically and the energy balance equation of the solar wall is set up. According to theoretical models, analysis of the effect on the thermal performance of the solar wall system by solar radiation intensity, outdoor wind speed, superficial suction velocity, outdoor air temperature and solar absorptance of the collector, thermal emissivity of the absorber is done.
本课题主要从实验和理论分析两个方面对无盖板渗透型太阳能空气集热器(太阳墙)在实际建筑应用中的热性能进行研究。文中介绍了太阳墙系统热性能实验台的搭建过程以及实验过程中所需要的试验仪表。通过实验,对太阳墙系统各部分温度在闷晒和抽吸工况下进行了分析。研究发现集热板内表面温度要高于外表面温度,并且这个温差随着系统运行风量的加大而逐渐减小。通过实验数据,分析了一些动态参数对太阳墙系统热性能的影响。发现在室外空气温度和太阳辐射强度都变化不大的时段里,太阳墙系统在高档风量运行下集热效率更高,而在低档风量运行下集热效率较低。分析了安装太阳墙系统后,对建筑外墙体的影响以及太阳墙集热板表面温度分布问题。
理论分析了太阳墙系统热损失问题,并得建立了太阳墙板能量平衡方程。根据理论模型,通过数值计算分析了太阳辐射强度、室外风速、表面抽吸速率、室外空气温度以及集热板的吸收率、发射率等对太阳墙系统热性能的影响。
With the rapid development of the economy and production, and the improvement of people's living standards, the energy and environmental pressure which people are facing is increasing. Solar energy is one of the most important renewable energy sources with clean, abundant and widely distributed and so on. Solar wall system is effective integration of solar air heating technology and building integration, which makes full use of solar energy and fresh outdoor air to provide heat and sufficient fresh air for the indoor. Solar wall system provides a new way of heat utilization of the solar.
The paper investigate the thermal performance of unglazed transpired solar air collector (solar wall) applying in the actual building by experimental research and theoretical analysis. The paper presents the construction of the experimental platform of the thermal performance of solar wall system, and the structures needed in the experiment. Through the experiment, temperature of every part of solar wall system is analyzed both in drying and suction conditions. By studying, find that the inner surface temperature of the absorber is higher than the outer surface temperature, and the temperature difference gradually reduce with the increase of the operation air volume. Through the experimental data, analysis of the effect on the thermal performance of the solar wall system by a number of dynamic parameters is done. During the period when the outdoor air temperature and solar radiation intensity have changed little, the heat collecting efficiency of the solar wall system is higher in the high operation air volume and is lower in the low operation air volume. Analysis of the effect on the out wall after the solar wall system is installed as well as the surface temperature distribution of the solar collector plate.
The problem of heat loss of the solar wall system is analyzed theoretically and the energy balance equation of the solar wall is set up. According to theoretical models, analysis of the effect on the thermal performance of the solar wall system by solar radiation intensity, outdoor wind speed, superficial suction velocity, outdoor air temperature and solar absorptance of the collector, thermal emissivity of the absorber is done.
引文
1江亿,杨秀.我国建筑能耗状况及建筑节能工作的问题.中华建设,2006(2):12~18
2江亿.我国建筑能耗趋势与节能重点.绿色建筑.2006.07
3黄生琪,周菊华.我国节能减排的意义、现状及措施.节能技术.2008年3月.第2期
4姜坪,赵秉文,卫军锋.病态建筑综合症与生态建筑.南方建筑.2005年03期
5杜文淳,裴清清.太阳墙与太阳能建筑一体化.第13届全国暖通空调技术信息网大会文集
6 Hollands K.G.T. (1998) Principles of the transpired-plate air heating collector: the solarwall,Renewable Energy Tech nologies in Cold Climates’98 ( Incorporating the 1998 Annual Conference of the Solar Energy Society of Canada, Inc.),The Solar Energy Society of Canada Inc., Ottawa, pp.139–144
7 U S DOE. FTA:Transpired collectors (Solar preheaters for outdoor ventilation air). 1998
8 Hollick J.C. Unglazed solar wall air heaters[J] .Renewable Energy,1994,5(1-4 pt 1):415~421
9 Hollick J.C. Solar cogeneration panels [J].Renewable Energy, 1998, 15(1-4. pt 1): 195~200
10 Hollick J.C.and Peter R.W. (1990) United States Patent No. 4,934,338
11 Kutscher C.F., Christensen C., and Barker G. (1991) Unglazed transpired solar collectors: an analytic model and test results. Elsevier Science,Vol. 2, Part 1, pp. 1245-1250
12 Kutscher C.F.,Christensen C. and Barker G. (1993) Unglazed transpired solar collectors:heat loss theory.ASME J.Solar Eng.115(3), 182–188
13 Arulanandam S.J.,Hollands K.G.T.and Brundrett E. (2000) rep A CFD heat transfer analysis of the transpired solar collector under no-wind conditions. Solar Energy 67(1–3),93–100
14 Arulanandam S. J. (1995) A numerical investigation of unglazed transpired-plate solar collectors under zero-wind conditions, M.A.Sc. Thesis, University of Waterloo, Water-loo, Canada
15 Van Decker G W E. Heat-exchange relations for unglazed transpired solar collectors with circular holes on a square or triangular pitch. Solar Energy, 2001, 71(1) :33-45
16 Fleck B A.A field study of the wind effects on the performance of an unglazed transpired solar collector.Solar Energy,2002,73 (3):209-216
17 Gunnewiek L H.Effect of wind on flow distributing in unglazed transpired-plate collectors. Solar Energy,2002,72(4):317-325
18 Keith Gawlik.A numerical and experimental investigation of low-conductivity unglazed,transpired solar air heaters. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering,2005,127(2):153-155
19潘伟英.太阳墙在我国寒冷地区应用范围的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2006.06
20张立平.蜂窝平板式太阳能空气集热器及太阳墙的研究.江苏大学硕士学位论文.2007.06
21郑宏飞,吴裕远,郑德修.窄缝高真空平面玻璃作为太阳能集热器盖板的实验研究.太阳能学报.2001年7月
22陈滨等.新型变色幕墙太阳能空气集热器冬季热性能实验研究.暖通空调.2007年第37期第8期
23薛静.新型编色幕墙太阳能空气集热器的热性能研究.大连理工大学硕士学位论文.2006.12
24孙峙峰,郑瑞澄.太阳能集热器热性能动态测试方法研究.太阳能学报.2007年11月
25张红,张立平,戴剑侠.太阳墙式空气集热器的供暖试验研究.煤气与热力.2007.08
26黄槐荣,李炎锋等.太阳墙技术及其建筑一体化应用.中国建设动态.2005年06期
27陈滨等.被动式太阳能集热蓄热墙对室内湿度调节作用的研究.暖通空调.2006年第36卷第3期
28杨昭,徐晓丽,韩金丽.太阳墙热特性分析.太阳能学报.2007.10
29王崇杰,何文晶等.我国寒冷地区高校学生公寓生态设计与实践.建筑学报.2006年11期
30王崇杰,何文晶.太阳房式学生公寓设计——太阳能在建筑采暖上的利用.中外建筑.2004年04期
31王崇杰,何文晶,薛一冰.欧美建筑设计中太阳墙的应用.建筑学报.2004年08期
32卫欣.一种公共建筑上的太阳能系统.太阳能.2007年1月
33杜文淳.多孔板构造双层屋面的热性能研究.广州大学硕士学位论文.2006.6
34王崇杰,管振忠,薛一冰,王德林..渗透型太阳能空气集热器集热效率研究.太阳能学报.2008年1月
35张学伟,刘伟等.太阳墙多孔集热墙内传热与流动热性分析.建筑节能.2007年第12期
36张志强.具有玻璃管蜂窝盖板太阳能空气集热器的研究.江苏大学硕士学位论文.2008.06
37田启明,王正.设计最大风速和风压计算中的有关问题.西北电力设计院1999,12:47~51
38彦启森,赵庆珠.建筑热过程.中国建筑工业出版社.1986年
39锦州阳光科技发展有限公司. TBQ-2总辐射表使用说明书
40方修睦,姜永成,张建利.建筑环境测试技术.中国建筑工业出版社.2002年
41 Kutscher C F. Heat exchange effectiveness and pressure drop for air flow through perforated plates with and without cross wind[J] . Journal of Heat Transfer, 1994, 116(2):391-399
42 Kutscher, C. F., 1992,‘‘An Investigation of Heat Transfer for Air Flow Through Low Porosity Perforated Plates,’’Ph.D. thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CL
43 Cao S., Hollands K. G. T. and Brundrett E. (1993) Heat exchange effectiveness of unglazed transpired-plate solar collector in 2D flow. Proceedings of ISES Solar World Congress 1993, Budapest, Hungary, 5, pp. 351–366
44王中华.湿稳定状态确定及建筑热工缺陷红外测试基础研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2006.06
45 M. Augustus Leon, S. Kumar. Mathematical modeling and thermal performance analysis of unglazed transpired solar collectors. Solar Energy.81 (2007) 62–75
46 Golneshan A. A. (1994) Forced Convection Heat Transfer from Low Porosity Slotted Transpired Plates, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
47 Golneshan A. A. and Hollands K. G. T. (2000) Forced convection experiments on slotted transpired plates. Trans actions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 24(1B), 335–347
2江亿.我国建筑能耗趋势与节能重点.绿色建筑.2006.07
3黄生琪,周菊华.我国节能减排的意义、现状及措施.节能技术.2008年3月.第2期
4姜坪,赵秉文,卫军锋.病态建筑综合症与生态建筑.南方建筑.2005年03期
5杜文淳,裴清清.太阳墙与太阳能建筑一体化.第13届全国暖通空调技术信息网大会文集
6 Hollands K.G.T. (1998) Principles of the transpired-plate air heating collector: the solarwall,Renewable Energy Tech nologies in Cold Climates’98 ( Incorporating the 1998 Annual Conference of the Solar Energy Society of Canada, Inc.),The Solar Energy Society of Canada Inc., Ottawa, pp.139–144
7 U S DOE. FTA:Transpired collectors (Solar preheaters for outdoor ventilation air). 1998
8 Hollick J.C. Unglazed solar wall air heaters[J] .Renewable Energy,1994,5(1-4 pt 1):415~421
9 Hollick J.C. Solar cogeneration panels [J].Renewable Energy, 1998, 15(1-4. pt 1): 195~200
10 Hollick J.C.and Peter R.W. (1990) United States Patent No. 4,934,338
11 Kutscher C.F., Christensen C., and Barker G. (1991) Unglazed transpired solar collectors: an analytic model and test results. Elsevier Science,Vol. 2, Part 1, pp. 1245-1250
12 Kutscher C.F.,Christensen C. and Barker G. (1993) Unglazed transpired solar collectors:heat loss theory.ASME J.Solar Eng.115(3), 182–188
13 Arulanandam S.J.,Hollands K.G.T.and Brundrett E. (2000) rep A CFD heat transfer analysis of the transpired solar collector under no-wind conditions. Solar Energy 67(1–3),93–100
14 Arulanandam S. J. (1995) A numerical investigation of unglazed transpired-plate solar collectors under zero-wind conditions, M.A.Sc. Thesis, University of Waterloo, Water-loo, Canada
15 Van Decker G W E. Heat-exchange relations for unglazed transpired solar collectors with circular holes on a square or triangular pitch. Solar Energy, 2001, 71(1) :33-45
16 Fleck B A.A field study of the wind effects on the performance of an unglazed transpired solar collector.Solar Energy,2002,73 (3):209-216
17 Gunnewiek L H.Effect of wind on flow distributing in unglazed transpired-plate collectors. Solar Energy,2002,72(4):317-325
18 Keith Gawlik.A numerical and experimental investigation of low-conductivity unglazed,transpired solar air heaters. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering,2005,127(2):153-155
19潘伟英.太阳墙在我国寒冷地区应用范围的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2006.06
20张立平.蜂窝平板式太阳能空气集热器及太阳墙的研究.江苏大学硕士学位论文.2007.06
21郑宏飞,吴裕远,郑德修.窄缝高真空平面玻璃作为太阳能集热器盖板的实验研究.太阳能学报.2001年7月
22陈滨等.新型变色幕墙太阳能空气集热器冬季热性能实验研究.暖通空调.2007年第37期第8期
23薛静.新型编色幕墙太阳能空气集热器的热性能研究.大连理工大学硕士学位论文.2006.12
24孙峙峰,郑瑞澄.太阳能集热器热性能动态测试方法研究.太阳能学报.2007年11月
25张红,张立平,戴剑侠.太阳墙式空气集热器的供暖试验研究.煤气与热力.2007.08
26黄槐荣,李炎锋等.太阳墙技术及其建筑一体化应用.中国建设动态.2005年06期
27陈滨等.被动式太阳能集热蓄热墙对室内湿度调节作用的研究.暖通空调.2006年第36卷第3期
28杨昭,徐晓丽,韩金丽.太阳墙热特性分析.太阳能学报.2007.10
29王崇杰,何文晶等.我国寒冷地区高校学生公寓生态设计与实践.建筑学报.2006年11期
30王崇杰,何文晶.太阳房式学生公寓设计——太阳能在建筑采暖上的利用.中外建筑.2004年04期
31王崇杰,何文晶,薛一冰.欧美建筑设计中太阳墙的应用.建筑学报.2004年08期
32卫欣.一种公共建筑上的太阳能系统.太阳能.2007年1月
33杜文淳.多孔板构造双层屋面的热性能研究.广州大学硕士学位论文.2006.6
34王崇杰,管振忠,薛一冰,王德林..渗透型太阳能空气集热器集热效率研究.太阳能学报.2008年1月
35张学伟,刘伟等.太阳墙多孔集热墙内传热与流动热性分析.建筑节能.2007年第12期
36张志强.具有玻璃管蜂窝盖板太阳能空气集热器的研究.江苏大学硕士学位论文.2008.06
37田启明,王正.设计最大风速和风压计算中的有关问题.西北电力设计院1999,12:47~51
38彦启森,赵庆珠.建筑热过程.中国建筑工业出版社.1986年
39锦州阳光科技发展有限公司. TBQ-2总辐射表使用说明书
40方修睦,姜永成,张建利.建筑环境测试技术.中国建筑工业出版社.2002年
41 Kutscher C F. Heat exchange effectiveness and pressure drop for air flow through perforated plates with and without cross wind[J] . Journal of Heat Transfer, 1994, 116(2):391-399
42 Kutscher, C. F., 1992,‘‘An Investigation of Heat Transfer for Air Flow Through Low Porosity Perforated Plates,’’Ph.D. thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CL
43 Cao S., Hollands K. G. T. and Brundrett E. (1993) Heat exchange effectiveness of unglazed transpired-plate solar collector in 2D flow. Proceedings of ISES Solar World Congress 1993, Budapest, Hungary, 5, pp. 351–366
44王中华.湿稳定状态确定及建筑热工缺陷红外测试基础研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2006.06
45 M. Augustus Leon, S. Kumar. Mathematical modeling and thermal performance analysis of unglazed transpired solar collectors. Solar Energy.81 (2007) 62–75
46 Golneshan A. A. (1994) Forced Convection Heat Transfer from Low Porosity Slotted Transpired Plates, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
47 Golneshan A. A. and Hollands K. G. T. (2000) Forced convection experiments on slotted transpired plates. Trans actions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 24(1B), 335–347