SNMP/XML网关的研究
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摘要
随着计算机网络特别是Internet的飞速发展，网络的规模不断扩大，网络复杂性不断增强。传统的简单网络管理协议(SNMP)已经越来越不能满足网络管理的要求。在基于XML的网络管理中，管理信息和报文消息全部用XML来描述，这使得基于XML的网络管理相对于传统的网络管理来说具有很多优点。而基于XML的网络管理也由于它的众多优势而被广泛认为为未来网络管理的发展方向。对该领域的研究使我们能够紧跟国际网络管理领域的研究步伐，顺利进入网络管理研究的前沿，并为我国制定基于XML网络管理相关标准提供有力的理论和实践支持。
SNMP协议虽然并没有声明为国际网管标准协议，但由于其简单性和实用性，已经成为事实上的工业标准，因此大量网络设备的生产商都将对SNMP协议的支持融入到产品设计中。大量的投资意味着短时间内将无法完全用基于XML的网络管理来代替基于SNMP的网络管理。本文设计了一个SNMP/XML网关，该网关主要用来在管理者与代理之间进行管理信息的数据转换。基于XML的网络管理系统能够通过该SNMP/XML网关对支持SNMP协议的网络设备进行网络管理。既为广大设备用户节约了大量用于更换设备的资金，又为广大设备厂商争取了更多的时间用来开发新的支持基于XML网络管理的网络设备。
本文分析了基于SNMP的网络管理和基于XML的网络管理模型的体系结构，比较了两种网络管理协议的优缺点。设计了SNMP/XML网关的体系结构，介绍了SNMP/XML网关中的各个功能模块，并详细介绍了该网关实现中的主要关键技术，包括网络管理协议操作的转换以及SNMP模块的实现等。给出了一个SNMP MIB到XML Schema的转换算法，并使用该算法设计了一个MIB转换器。最后总结全文并对本课题的研究作了技术上的展望。
With the enormously evolved of the network, especially the rapid development of the Internet, the scale and complexity of networks has increased greatly. Under this background, the traditional simple network management protocols (SNMP) can not meet the requirement of network management. Management information and all the messages are described with XML in XML-based network management which has widely believed as the future of the network management for its merits. The research of this area can help us understand the development of the network management. And it can provide academic and practical supports to establish the standard of XML-based network management for our country.
Although the SNMP was not declared as the international network management standard, it has been thought as the industrial standard for it was so simple and useful. A large number of network devices were designed to support SNMP, which represents huge investments. So it is difficult to replace SNMP with XML-based network management in a short time. This thesis designs a SNMP/XML gateway which is used to transfer management information between an XML-based manager and SNMP-based agents. XML-based manager can manage SNMP-based agents using this gateway. The proposed approach can save the money for change network devices and strive for more time to produce devices support XML-based network management.
The architecture of SNMP-base network management and the XML-based network management are analysed and compared with each other in this thesis. We design the architecture of the SNMP/XML Gateway and introduce the function of each module. Key technology including the translation of the protocol operations and the implementation of the SNMP module are described in details. We also develop a SNMP MIB to XML Schema translation algorithm and design a MIB translator using this algorithm. At the last, we summarize the whole thesis and discuss the prospect of the area.
SNMP协议虽然并没有声明为国际网管标准协议，但由于其简单性和实用性，已经成为事实上的工业标准，因此大量网络设备的生产商都将对SNMP协议的支持融入到产品设计中。大量的投资意味着短时间内将无法完全用基于XML的网络管理来代替基于SNMP的网络管理。本文设计了一个SNMP/XML网关，该网关主要用来在管理者与代理之间进行管理信息的数据转换。基于XML的网络管理系统能够通过该SNMP/XML网关对支持SNMP协议的网络设备进行网络管理。既为广大设备用户节约了大量用于更换设备的资金，又为广大设备厂商争取了更多的时间用来开发新的支持基于XML网络管理的网络设备。
本文分析了基于SNMP的网络管理和基于XML的网络管理模型的体系结构，比较了两种网络管理协议的优缺点。设计了SNMP/XML网关的体系结构，介绍了SNMP/XML网关中的各个功能模块，并详细介绍了该网关实现中的主要关键技术，包括网络管理协议操作的转换以及SNMP模块的实现等。给出了一个SNMP MIB到XML Schema的转换算法，并使用该算法设计了一个MIB转换器。最后总结全文并对本课题的研究作了技术上的展望。
With the enormously evolved of the network, especially the rapid development of the Internet, the scale and complexity of networks has increased greatly. Under this background, the traditional simple network management protocols (SNMP) can not meet the requirement of network management. Management information and all the messages are described with XML in XML-based network management which has widely believed as the future of the network management for its merits. The research of this area can help us understand the development of the network management. And it can provide academic and practical supports to establish the standard of XML-based network management for our country.
Although the SNMP was not declared as the international network management standard, it has been thought as the industrial standard for it was so simple and useful. A large number of network devices were designed to support SNMP, which represents huge investments. So it is difficult to replace SNMP with XML-based network management in a short time. This thesis designs a SNMP/XML gateway which is used to transfer management information between an XML-based manager and SNMP-based agents. XML-based manager can manage SNMP-based agents using this gateway. The proposed approach can save the money for change network devices and strive for more time to produce devices support XML-based network management.
The architecture of SNMP-base network management and the XML-based network management are analysed and compared with each other in this thesis. We design the architecture of the SNMP/XML Gateway and introduce the function of each module. Key technology including the translation of the protocol operations and the implementation of the SNMP module are described in details. We also develop a SNMP MIB to XML Schema translation algorithm and design a MIB translator using this algorithm. At the last, we summarize the whole thesis and discuss the prospect of the area.
引文
[1] Mi-lung Choi, Hyoun-Mi Choi, and James W. Hong, XML-Based Configuration Management for IP Network Devices, Special Issue on XML-based Management of Networks and Services in IEEE Communications Magazine, July 2004
[2] 崔建群．基于XML的SNMP管理者和转换代理的研究与实现．华中师范大学硕士学位论文，2003年6月
[3] 刘萍，肖德宝，基于XML的网络管理模型研究，计算机工程与应用，2004年第21期
[4] NETCONF Configuration Protocol, http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4741.txt
[5] EnSuite, http://libresource.inria.fr/projects/ensuite
[6] XML-Based Network Management, http://www.tail-f.com/
[7] XML Based Device Management, http://www.wipro.com/
[8] YENCA, http://www.6wind.com/
[9] XMS (eXtensible Management System), http://www.6wind.com/
[10] P. Shafer and R. Enns, JUNOScript: An XML-based Network Management API, http://www.itef.org/inernet-drafts/draft-shafer-js-xml-api-00.txt,Aug.27,2002
[11] WBEM, WBEM Initiative, http://www.dmtf.org/wbem/
[12] ITU-T Recommendation X. 3030, Telecommunications Markup Language(tML) frame-work, May 2000
[13] Cisco Systems, Cisco Configuration Registrar, http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/rtrmgmt/ie2100/cnfg-reg/index.htm
[14] F. Strauβ and T. Klie. "Towards XML Oriented Internet Management," Proc. 8th FIP/IEEE Int'1. Symp. Integrated Net, Mgmt., G. Goldszmidt and J. Schonwailder, Eds., Colorado Springs, CO, Mar. 2003, pp. 505-18
[15] Lawrence E. Menten, Bell Laboratories, Experiences in the Application of XML for Device Management, IEEE Communication Magazine, Special Issue on XML-based Management of Networks and Services in IEEE Communications Magazine, July 2004
[16] Mi-Jung Choi, Hyoun-Mi Choi, and James W. Hong, XML-Based Configuration Management for IP Network Devices, IEEE Communication Magazine, July, 2004
[17] Mi-Jung Choi, James W. Hong, and Hong-Taek Ju, XML-Based Network Management for IP Networks, ETRI Journal, Volume 25, Number 6, December 2003, pp445-463
[18] Yoon-Jung Oh, Hong-Taek Ju and James W. Hong, Interaction Translation Methods for XML/SNMP Gateway Using XML Technologies
[19] Martin-Flatin JP. Web-Based Management of IP Networks and Systems; Ph. D. Thesis, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne(EPFL), Oct 2000.
[20] Mazumdar. S. CORBA/SNMP gateway. Bell Labs. http://www.bell-labs.com/project/CorbaSnmp
[21] Strauss F. A library to access SMI MIB information. http://www.ibr.cs.tu-bs.de/projects/libsmi/
[22] Imamura, T, Maruyama H. Mapping between ASN. 1 and XML. Applications And the Internet, 2001. Proceedings, IEEE; 2001, 57-64
[23] Simple Network Management Protocol(SNMP), http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1571.html
[24] Management Information Base for version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol(SNMPv2), http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1450.html
[25] M. Rose, K. McCloghrie. Structure and Identification of Management Information for TCP/IP-based Internets. RFC 1155, May 1990
[26] RFC 1155-Structure and identification of management information for TCP/IP-based internets, http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1155.html
[27] RFC 1213-Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets: MIB-Ⅱ, http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1213.html
[28] Information Processing Systems-Open Systems Interconnection. Specification of Abstract Syntax Notation One(ASN. 1). International Organization for Standardization, International Standard 8824, December 1987
[29] ASN. 1 Macros, http://www.obj-sys.com/asnltutorial/node20.html
[30] Mark A．Miller，P．E，用SNMP管理互联网络(第三版)。中国水利水电出版社。2001，3
[31] ISO, Information Technology: ASN. 1 Encoding Rules: Specification of BER, CER and DER, ISO/IEC 8825-1, 1995
[32] 王军，DMI／SNMP转换代理的研究与实现，华中师范大学硕士学位论文，2004年6月
[33] 刘学超，基于Web／XML的网络管理的研究与实现，华中师范大学硕士学位文，2006年6月
[34] Ju H T, Choi M-J, Han S, et al, An embedded Web server architecture for XML-based network management, In: Proc, of the IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium(NOM 2002); Florence, Italy, April, 2002
[35] Torsten Klie and Frank Straup, Integrating SNMP Agents with XML-Based Management Systems, IEEE Communication Magazine, Special Issue on XML-based Management of Networks and Services in IEEE Communications Magazine, July 2004
[36] Jeong-Hyuk Yoon, Hong-Taek Ju, James W. Hong, Development of SNMP-XML translator and gateway for XML-based integrated network management, International Journal of Netwok Management, 2003
[37] im Bray, Jean Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, et al. Extensible Markup Language (XML)1.0(Third Edition). W3C Recommendation, February 2004
[38] 袁茜，刘峰，杨芳南等．基于XML的综合网管对象数据交换．计算机工程，2004．30(14)：98～99
[39] David C. Fallside and Priscilla Walmsley. XML Schema Part 0: Primer Second Edition. W3C Recommendation, October 2004
[40] Henry S. Thompson, David Beech, Murray Maloney, et al. XML Schema Part 1: Structures Second Edition. W3C Recommendation, October 2004
[41] Paul V. Biron and Ashok Malhotra. XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition. W3C Recommendation, October 2004
[42] 刘进，魏梅娟，一种基于XML的网络管理方法，华中师范大学研究生学报，2006年第二期
[43] Ratil Munoz, Carolina Pinart, and Ricardo Martinez, THE ADRENALINE TESTBED: INTEGRATING GMPLS, XML, AND SNMP IN TRANSPARENT DWDM NETWORKS, IEEE Optional Communication, August, 2005
[44] Yoon-Jung Oh, Hong-Taek Ju and James W. Hong, Interaction Translation Methods for XML/SNMP Gateway Using XML Technologies
[45] Arnaud Le Hors and Phillippe Le Hgaret. Document Object Model(DOM) Level 3 Core Specifcation. W3C Recommendation, April 2004
[46] Megginson Technologies Ltd: SAX 2.0: The Simple API for XML. http://megginson.com/SAX/
[47] J. Clark, J. Paoli, XSL Transformations(XSLT)Version 1.0. W3C Recommendation, 11, 1999
[48] smi. dtd, http://www.ibr.cs.tu-bs.de/projects/nmrg/
[49] Frank Straub, Towards XML Oriented Internet Management, IEEE Communication Magazine, July, 2004
[50] 刘萍，嵌入式网关代理中管理信息库的研究与实现，华中师范大学硕士学位论文，2005年6月
[51] 徐峰，宋如顺，赵青松，基于Web Service的混合型网络管理研究与实现， 计算机应用研究，2004年7月
[52] http://cnw2005.vip.ccwonline.com.cn/store/detail/content.asp?articleid=10766
[53] Mi-Jung Choi, James W. Hong, and Hong-Taek Ju, XML-Based Network Management for IP Networks, ETRI Journal, Volume 25, Number 6, December 2003, pp445-463
[54] Apache XML project. Xerces Java parser. http://xml.apache.org/xerces-j/
[55] Xiao debao, Wei meijuan, Liujin. Research and design of an XML-Based network management model, 2005 international symposium on computer science and technology, 2005. 10, P531-535
[56] 王焕然，徐明伟．SNMP网络管理综述．小型微型计算机系统，2004．25
[2] 崔建群．基于XML的SNMP管理者和转换代理的研究与实现．华中师范大学硕士学位论文，2003年6月
[3] 刘萍，肖德宝，基于XML的网络管理模型研究，计算机工程与应用，2004年第21期
[4] NETCONF Configuration Protocol, http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4741.txt
[5] EnSuite, http://libresource.inria.fr/projects/ensuite
[6] XML-Based Network Management, http://www.tail-f.com/
[7] XML Based Device Management, http://www.wipro.com/
[8] YENCA, http://www.6wind.com/
[9] XMS (eXtensible Management System), http://www.6wind.com/
[10] P. Shafer and R. Enns, JUNOScript: An XML-based Network Management API, http://www.itef.org/inernet-drafts/draft-shafer-js-xml-api-00.txt,Aug.27,2002
[11] WBEM, WBEM Initiative, http://www.dmtf.org/wbem/
[12] ITU-T Recommendation X. 3030, Telecommunications Markup Language(tML) frame-work, May 2000
[13] Cisco Systems, Cisco Configuration Registrar, http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/rtrmgmt/ie2100/cnfg-reg/index.htm
[14] F. Strauβ and T. Klie. "Towards XML Oriented Internet Management," Proc. 8th FIP/IEEE Int'1. Symp. Integrated Net, Mgmt., G. Goldszmidt and J. Schonwailder, Eds., Colorado Springs, CO, Mar. 2003, pp. 505-18
[15] Lawrence E. Menten, Bell Laboratories, Experiences in the Application of XML for Device Management, IEEE Communication Magazine, Special Issue on XML-based Management of Networks and Services in IEEE Communications Magazine, July 2004
[16] Mi-Jung Choi, Hyoun-Mi Choi, and James W. Hong, XML-Based Configuration Management for IP Network Devices, IEEE Communication Magazine, July, 2004
[17] Mi-Jung Choi, James W. Hong, and Hong-Taek Ju, XML-Based Network Management for IP Networks, ETRI Journal, Volume 25, Number 6, December 2003, pp445-463
[18] Yoon-Jung Oh, Hong-Taek Ju and James W. Hong, Interaction Translation Methods for XML/SNMP Gateway Using XML Technologies
[19] Martin-Flatin JP. Web-Based Management of IP Networks and Systems; Ph. D. Thesis, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne(EPFL), Oct 2000.
[20] Mazumdar. S. CORBA/SNMP gateway. Bell Labs. http://www.bell-labs.com/project/CorbaSnmp
[21] Strauss F. A library to access SMI MIB information. http://www.ibr.cs.tu-bs.de/projects/libsmi/
[22] Imamura, T, Maruyama H. Mapping between ASN. 1 and XML. Applications And the Internet, 2001. Proceedings, IEEE; 2001, 57-64
[23] Simple Network Management Protocol(SNMP), http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1571.html
[24] Management Information Base for version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol(SNMPv2), http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1450.html
[25] M. Rose, K. McCloghrie. Structure and Identification of Management Information for TCP/IP-based Internets. RFC 1155, May 1990
[26] RFC 1155-Structure and identification of management information for TCP/IP-based internets, http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1155.html
[27] RFC 1213-Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets: MIB-Ⅱ, http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1213.html
[28] Information Processing Systems-Open Systems Interconnection. Specification of Abstract Syntax Notation One(ASN. 1). International Organization for Standardization, International Standard 8824, December 1987
[29] ASN. 1 Macros, http://www.obj-sys.com/asnltutorial/node20.html
[30] Mark A．Miller，P．E，用SNMP管理互联网络(第三版)。中国水利水电出版社。2001，3
[31] ISO, Information Technology: ASN. 1 Encoding Rules: Specification of BER, CER and DER, ISO/IEC 8825-1, 1995
[32] 王军，DMI／SNMP转换代理的研究与实现，华中师范大学硕士学位论文，2004年6月
[33] 刘学超，基于Web／XML的网络管理的研究与实现，华中师范大学硕士学位文，2006年6月
[34] Ju H T, Choi M-J, Han S, et al, An embedded Web server architecture for XML-based network management, In: Proc, of the IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium(NOM 2002); Florence, Italy, April, 2002
[35] Torsten Klie and Frank Straup, Integrating SNMP Agents with XML-Based Management Systems, IEEE Communication Magazine, Special Issue on XML-based Management of Networks and Services in IEEE Communications Magazine, July 2004
[36] Jeong-Hyuk Yoon, Hong-Taek Ju, James W. Hong, Development of SNMP-XML translator and gateway for XML-based integrated network management, International Journal of Netwok Management, 2003
[37] im Bray, Jean Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, et al. Extensible Markup Language (XML)1.0(Third Edition). W3C Recommendation, February 2004
[38] 袁茜，刘峰，杨芳南等．基于XML的综合网管对象数据交换．计算机工程，2004．30(14)：98～99
[39] David C. Fallside and Priscilla Walmsley. XML Schema Part 0: Primer Second Edition. W3C Recommendation, October 2004
[40] Henry S. Thompson, David Beech, Murray Maloney, et al. XML Schema Part 1: Structures Second Edition. W3C Recommendation, October 2004
[41] Paul V. Biron and Ashok Malhotra. XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition. W3C Recommendation, October 2004
[42] 刘进，魏梅娟，一种基于XML的网络管理方法，华中师范大学研究生学报，2006年第二期
[43] Ratil Munoz, Carolina Pinart, and Ricardo Martinez, THE ADRENALINE TESTBED: INTEGRATING GMPLS, XML, AND SNMP IN TRANSPARENT DWDM NETWORKS, IEEE Optional Communication, August, 2005
[44] Yoon-Jung Oh, Hong-Taek Ju and James W. Hong, Interaction Translation Methods for XML/SNMP Gateway Using XML Technologies
[45] Arnaud Le Hors and Phillippe Le Hgaret. Document Object Model(DOM) Level 3 Core Specifcation. W3C Recommendation, April 2004
[46] Megginson Technologies Ltd: SAX 2.0: The Simple API for XML. http://megginson.com/SAX/
[47] J. Clark, J. Paoli, XSL Transformations(XSLT)Version 1.0. W3C Recommendation, 11, 1999
[48] smi. dtd, http://www.ibr.cs.tu-bs.de/projects/nmrg/
[49] Frank Straub, Towards XML Oriented Internet Management, IEEE Communication Magazine, July, 2004
[50] 刘萍，嵌入式网关代理中管理信息库的研究与实现，华中师范大学硕士学位论文，2005年6月
[51] 徐峰，宋如顺，赵青松，基于Web Service的混合型网络管理研究与实现， 计算机应用研究，2004年7月
[52] http://cnw2005.vip.ccwonline.com.cn/store/detail/content.asp?articleid=10766
[53] Mi-Jung Choi, James W. Hong, and Hong-Taek Ju, XML-Based Network Management for IP Networks, ETRI Journal, Volume 25, Number 6, December 2003, pp445-463
[54] Apache XML project. Xerces Java parser. http://xml.apache.org/xerces-j/
[55] Xiao debao, Wei meijuan, Liujin. Research and design of an XML-Based network management model, 2005 international symposium on computer science and technology, 2005. 10, P531-535
[56] 王焕然，徐明伟．SNMP网络管理综述．小型微型计算机系统，2004．25