多级喷射器特性及工程应用基础研究
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摘要
喷射器的研究与应用虽然已有100多年的历史,但对于出口流体与工作流体压差要求很小的
    情况,现有的喷射器是无法实现的。本文突破了多级串联必须从级间抽走部分介质这一观念的束
    缚,对具有重要应用价值的多级串联喷射器,从理论基础和实际应用两个角度,进行了研究探讨。
     本文首先建立了一套以空气为介质的多级串联喷射器实验台,然后从理论和实验两个角度
    对多级喷射器系统进行了较为全面的研究,开展的工作和所得的结论主要有:
     第一,结合现有的喷射器研究成果,推导了反映全压缩比与喷射系数之间相互关系的基本
    方程,并对其各种极限状态进行了较为详细的分析。
     第二,对设计方法进行了一定的摸索,主要得到了设计点宜取下限的选定原则;串联级数
    的确定方法;全压缩比不均匀分配的实用原则;各级喷射器类型的选定方法等。
     第三,探讨了它的安装调试维护管理基础,主要是对收缩喷嘴的射流特征及其在喷射器中
    的最佳位置的确定方法进行了研究;同时根据实验结果,结合文献资料对拉瓦尔喷嘴的最佳位
    置的确立方法进行了完善。
     第四,以大量的实验为依据,提出并讨论了两个喉径匹配试验时的“中间迟钝区”现象,
    对其成因进行了初步的分析,同时给出了这一现象出现时机的简易判据。
     第五,利用多种条件下的实验结果,重点分析了全压缩比与喷射系数的对应关系,得出了
    多级喷射器具有与单级喷射器完全相似的变化规律,即在一定范围内,随着全压缩比的下降,
    其喷射系数会缓慢地增加。
     第六,结合相应的实验结果,讨论了多级喷射器的其它有关问题,主要包括:管路的大小
    和光洁度,引射口的大小和方向,喷嘴的出口大小和安装的同心度,以及工作流体和环境温度
    等因素,对多级喷射器性能的影响情况。
     在完成上述工作的同时,本文还进行了具体的工程应用研究探讨。受国家天然气总公司和
    辽河油田的委托,我们承接了“利用天然气回收高架罐油挥发气”的工程项目。该项目要求混
    合气与天然气的压差很小,远远超出了目前喷射器所能达到的范围,同时如果采用多级则不允
    许从级间引走部分介质,使得后面各级的引射量相对很大,这样的多级串联迄今为止尚未见过
    应用和研究报导。我们根据自己的研究成果,设计了一套专用的多级串联喷射器系统,成功地
    解决了这一工程难题。
     通过本文的研究,初步达到了以下目的:解决了喷射器研究应用中出现的新问题;提出了
    多级串联喷射器的一些相关理论;提供了具体的设计方法;给出了安装调试的实施过程和管理
    使用中的注意事项等等,进一步拓宽了喷射器的应用领域。
The history of ejectors has been more than 100 years. It can抰 be designed when the
     pressure difference between the power fluid and the back fluid is too less. The series
     ejectors from which no fluid should be taken out were designed. It has been applied in
     the big tanks extraction system and obtained favorable effect.
     An experimental device was set up, and the series ejectors were studied
     systematically in fundamental theory, design, installation, adjusting, property
     parameters etc. It includes several aspects as follows: (1) The basic equations of series
     ejectors were derived. (2) The analysis of the limit states was made for the series
     ejectors. (3) The design theory of the series ejectors was established, such as the
     decision of series, distribution of the total compression ratio, and the choice of the
     ejectors?type, etc. were settled. (4) The optimal position of the converging nozzle and
     converging-diverging nozzle in the ejectors was discussed. (5) An phenomenon of
     iddle bluntness region?was found in the matching between the throat diameters of
     the nozzle and the amplifying pressure pipe. Which was discussed primarily.
     The author also did the work of the engineering application. According to the
     situation of the natural gas wells and the volatilization of the high-frame tanks in the
     Liaohe Oil Field, the author designed a set of series ejectors which used the natural gas
     to pump the oil-gas volatilizing from the high-frame tanks. The difficulty is that not
     only the pressure difference between the working gas and mixed gas is less than
     0.IMpa, but also any fluid can be drawn out from the ejectors.
     he following results were obtained by the author study. The new problems
     were settled in the application of the ejectors. The theory of the series ejectors used for
     special conditions was established. The design method was provided for the series
     ejectors. Moreover suggestion was put forward for the installation, adjusting, and the
     management. So the application filed of the ejectors was more widened.
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