受限空间中液体乙醇微尺度扩散火焰的实验研究
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摘要
本实验是对液体燃料(乙醇)微尺度扩散燃烧火焰的研究。微动力源是一个新兴的科技领域,它是在微型机械设备制造技术最近取得发展的基础上进行的,而微燃烧的研究是制造微机电设备的基础。因此,微尺度火焰的燃烧特性及微燃烧器技术的研究对基于碳氢燃料燃烧的微动力系统非常重要。微尺度燃烧具有特征长度很小,其流动、传热和燃烧具有的特性,与大尺寸的燃烧系统有许多不同。目前国内外对在微小尺度条件下火焰燃烧特性的基础研究还比较少。
本文在课题组前面研究成果的基础上,主要对受限空间下液体乙醇微尺度扩散燃烧火焰进行了实验研究。实验采用无水乙醇作为液体燃料,以陶瓷管和石英玻璃管作为燃烧器,用微量注射泵加注射器的方法输送燃料并对燃料流量大小进行控制,用体式显微镜配以数字摄像头及计算机观测火焰,用ProgRes Capture basic软件抓拍火焰图像,用S型热电偶进行温度测量,用石英玻璃管构造受限空间等。
本文对几种不同规格的燃烧器(内径为1.0mm和0.6mm的陶瓷管、内径为1.0mm的石英玻璃管)进行了对比分析,为其他实验选择合适的燃烧器提供依据,在此基础上研究了受限空间对燃烧火焰的结构、温度、稳燃范围和汽化深度的影响。
实验结果表明,不同材质和规格的燃烧器对液体乙醇微尺度扩散燃烧火焰的高、宽、稳燃极限等都有很大的影响,内径为1.0mm的陶瓷管燃烧器最为优质,适合于普通的微燃烧实验,而内径为1.0mm的石英玻璃管燃烧器具有透明的特点,可用于研究微燃烧的汽化深度变化规律。流量一定时,同一受限空间中不同位置对液体乙醇微尺度燃烧火焰的形态没有影响或影响不大。同一流量时,受限空间的火焰尺寸小于自由空间下的火焰尺寸;受限空间对火焰的稳定燃烧范围有一定的影响,存在着某一个大小的受限空间,使得火焰稳定燃烧的范围最大;随着流量的增大,火焰温度逐渐升高,相同流量下,受限空间下的火焰温度比自由空间中的高。无论是在受限空间还是自由空间下,液体乙醇微尺度燃烧的汽化深度均随流量的增加而减小;在相同流量下,随着受限空间的增大,液体乙醇微尺度扩散燃烧的汽化深度增大,自由空间下的汽化深度比受限空间下的汽化深度大。最后还介绍了实验过程中导致燃烧火焰不稳定的一些影响因素,并提出了解决方法,为课题组以后的实验开展提供参考。
This study is based on the small-scale jet diffusion flame of liquid fuel (ethanol). Micro power is an emerging technology field. It is based on the development of the micro mechanical equipment manufacturing technology. And the micro-combustion research is the basis for manufacturing MEMS devices. So the characteristics of micro combustion and micro burner technology are very important for micro-power systems based on hydrocarbon fuel combustion. The characteristic length about micro-combustion system is small, and its flow, heat transfer and combustion have many different characteristic that large size of the combustion systems has. At present, the basic research about liquid fuel combustion characteristics in the small scale is a little few at home and abroad.
This paper based on the basis research achievements of our discussion group. Mainly study the small jet diffusion flame in the confined space by experiments. Use liquid anhydrous ethanol as fuel. Ceramic tubes and quartz glass tube as burners. With the method of syringe pump connected syringe to transport fuels and control flow rate. Stereological microscope supported with digital camera and computer observing flames. Use the software of ProgRes 'capture basic capturing flame images and s-type thermocouple measuring temperature. Using quartz glass tube structure confined space.
In order to provide basis for other experiments choosing appropriate burners, this paper Contrast analysis several different specifications of the burner that our laboratory has. On this basis, we studied the influences of confined space to combustion flame’s structure, temperature, stable-combustion scope and vaporization depth.
Experimental results show that different materials and specifications of the burner has great influence on liquid ethanol micro-scale diffusion combustion flame’s high, wide and stable-combustion limit. the most excellent one is the inner diameter of 1.0mm ceramic tube burner. It is suited for other ordinary micro burning experiments. Because the inner diameter of 1.0 mm quartz glass tube burner has the characteristics of transparent, it can be used to study the micro burning vaporization depth change rules. Under the same flow, different parts of the same confined space to liquid ethanol micro-scale flame shape without the influence or ignored. And the flame size is smaller in confined space than the freedom space. Confined space also has certain effect on the stable combustion flame range. There exist a certain size confined space make the scope of stable combustion flame biggest. The temperature of flame is increasing gradually with the increase of flow. The flame temperature is higher under confined space than free space with the same flow. Liquid ethanol micro-scale flaming combustion vaporization depth with the increase of flow is decreased. The vaporization depth is increased along with the increase of confined space size. Finally, we introduce the influencing factors which caused combustion flame unstable in experimental process and put forward the solutions. Provide reference for our discussion group doing further experiments.
本文在课题组前面研究成果的基础上,主要对受限空间下液体乙醇微尺度扩散燃烧火焰进行了实验研究。实验采用无水乙醇作为液体燃料,以陶瓷管和石英玻璃管作为燃烧器,用微量注射泵加注射器的方法输送燃料并对燃料流量大小进行控制,用体式显微镜配以数字摄像头及计算机观测火焰,用ProgRes Capture basic软件抓拍火焰图像,用S型热电偶进行温度测量,用石英玻璃管构造受限空间等。
本文对几种不同规格的燃烧器(内径为1.0mm和0.6mm的陶瓷管、内径为1.0mm的石英玻璃管)进行了对比分析,为其他实验选择合适的燃烧器提供依据,在此基础上研究了受限空间对燃烧火焰的结构、温度、稳燃范围和汽化深度的影响。
实验结果表明,不同材质和规格的燃烧器对液体乙醇微尺度扩散燃烧火焰的高、宽、稳燃极限等都有很大的影响,内径为1.0mm的陶瓷管燃烧器最为优质,适合于普通的微燃烧实验,而内径为1.0mm的石英玻璃管燃烧器具有透明的特点,可用于研究微燃烧的汽化深度变化规律。流量一定时,同一受限空间中不同位置对液体乙醇微尺度燃烧火焰的形态没有影响或影响不大。同一流量时,受限空间的火焰尺寸小于自由空间下的火焰尺寸;受限空间对火焰的稳定燃烧范围有一定的影响,存在着某一个大小的受限空间,使得火焰稳定燃烧的范围最大;随着流量的增大,火焰温度逐渐升高,相同流量下,受限空间下的火焰温度比自由空间中的高。无论是在受限空间还是自由空间下,液体乙醇微尺度燃烧的汽化深度均随流量的增加而减小;在相同流量下,随着受限空间的增大,液体乙醇微尺度扩散燃烧的汽化深度增大,自由空间下的汽化深度比受限空间下的汽化深度大。最后还介绍了实验过程中导致燃烧火焰不稳定的一些影响因素,并提出了解决方法,为课题组以后的实验开展提供参考。
This study is based on the small-scale jet diffusion flame of liquid fuel (ethanol). Micro power is an emerging technology field. It is based on the development of the micro mechanical equipment manufacturing technology. And the micro-combustion research is the basis for manufacturing MEMS devices. So the characteristics of micro combustion and micro burner technology are very important for micro-power systems based on hydrocarbon fuel combustion. The characteristic length about micro-combustion system is small, and its flow, heat transfer and combustion have many different characteristic that large size of the combustion systems has. At present, the basic research about liquid fuel combustion characteristics in the small scale is a little few at home and abroad.
This paper based on the basis research achievements of our discussion group. Mainly study the small jet diffusion flame in the confined space by experiments. Use liquid anhydrous ethanol as fuel. Ceramic tubes and quartz glass tube as burners. With the method of syringe pump connected syringe to transport fuels and control flow rate. Stereological microscope supported with digital camera and computer observing flames. Use the software of ProgRes 'capture basic capturing flame images and s-type thermocouple measuring temperature. Using quartz glass tube structure confined space.
In order to provide basis for other experiments choosing appropriate burners, this paper Contrast analysis several different specifications of the burner that our laboratory has. On this basis, we studied the influences of confined space to combustion flame’s structure, temperature, stable-combustion scope and vaporization depth.
Experimental results show that different materials and specifications of the burner has great influence on liquid ethanol micro-scale diffusion combustion flame’s high, wide and stable-combustion limit. the most excellent one is the inner diameter of 1.0mm ceramic tube burner. It is suited for other ordinary micro burning experiments. Because the inner diameter of 1.0 mm quartz glass tube burner has the characteristics of transparent, it can be used to study the micro burning vaporization depth change rules. Under the same flow, different parts of the same confined space to liquid ethanol micro-scale flame shape without the influence or ignored. And the flame size is smaller in confined space than the freedom space. Confined space also has certain effect on the stable combustion flame range. There exist a certain size confined space make the scope of stable combustion flame biggest. The temperature of flame is increasing gradually with the increase of flow. The flame temperature is higher under confined space than free space with the same flow. Liquid ethanol micro-scale flaming combustion vaporization depth with the increase of flow is decreased. The vaporization depth is increased along with the increase of confined space size. Finally, we introduce the influencing factors which caused combustion flame unstable in experimental process and put forward the solutions. Provide reference for our discussion group doing further experiments.
引文
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