不同缝洞单元生产动态规律与试井响应特征关系研究
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摘要
碳酸盐岩油藏在全球范围内分布广泛,且储量、产量巨大,其中有30%以上为缝洞型油藏。塔河油田即属于非均质性极强的碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏,地质情况复杂,储集空间多样,不同于国内外其它碳酸盐岩油藏,在对储层的认识、油田生产管理和动态分析等方面均存在极大困难。充分利用试井监测数据,并与油藏动态分析密切结合,扩大试井技术在缝洞型油藏中的应用,对准确认识和有效开发该类油藏具有重大意义。论文从认识试井特征与缝洞单元生产动态特征的对应性入手,基于B样条的光滑技术及以Duhamel原理和Laplace变换为基础的反褶积方法研究了试井测试曲线的井筒存储、高频噪音及其它影响因素的过滤问题,使得处理后的试井测试曲线能够反映地层的真实动态;根据塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层中储集空间的类型、发育情况及其储渗性能,结合试井解释曲线的特征,首先将各单井所控制的储集体分为八类,随后根据储层中孔隙空间类型的分布及其组合关系,将试井测试曲线最终归结为四大类:拟均质类、双重/多重介质类、组合油藏类和复杂油藏类;通过不同生产动态规律与缝洞单元的关系研究,建立了不同储集类型井的生产动态曲线特征图版;通过试井曲线特征、地质特点和开发动态规律的综合对比研究,建立了试井曲线-缝洞单元-动态特征的对应模式;对所建立的试井曲线-缝洞单元-生产动态的对应模式进行了试井解释、数值模拟的验证性研究,建立了不同储集类型井的生产动态特征图版,所建立的生产动态图版,来源于典型规律典型井的动态拟合,具有较强的代表性,为进行生产动态的预测提供了依据。
With abundant reserves and a great amount of production,the carbonate reservoirs are widely distributed in the scope of all the world,among them,more than 30% are fracture-vug type reservoirs.The Tahe oilfield is different from other carbonate oilfields,which is strong heterogeneity fracture and vug carbonate reservoir with complicated geological conditions and reservoir spaces. it’s very difficult to understand reservoirs,manage and analysis oilfield. So making full use of well test monitoring data, inosculating dynamic analysis and expanding well test interpretion application has a very important significance for accurately understand and effective development the fracture and vug carbonate reservoir. Starting with relationship of the characteristics of well test pressure response and the production performance law of different fracture-vug unit, by making use of smoothing technique based on the B spline and deconvolution method based on the Duhamel principle and Laplace transformation thesis studies the filtration questions of well bore stora, high-frequency noise and other influence factors,and that make the well test curve can reflect the actual dynamic in reservoirs. Bonding characteristic of well test curve and basing reservoir type, developmental state and seepage performance in ordovician carbonate reservoirs of Tahe oilfield,the reservoirs are divided into eight kinds firstly,and then the well test curves are divided into four kinds based on the pore distribution and combination: types of pseudo- homogeneous, types of dual/ multiple media, types of composite reservoirs and types of complex reservoirs;the thesis establishes characteristic chart boards of production performance curve with different reservoirs through studying on relationship of different production performance law and fracture-vug unit; establishes corresponding pattern of well test curve-fracture-vug unit-production performance through comparative study on characteristic of well test curve, geological characteristics and development performance law;and establishes characteristic chart boards of production performance with wells in different reservoirs through verification research on established corresponding pattern with the method of well test interpretion and numerical simulation.The production performance boards come from dynamic fitting of typical well with typical law,which have strong representativeness and provide evidence for production performance prediction.
With abundant reserves and a great amount of production,the carbonate reservoirs are widely distributed in the scope of all the world,among them,more than 30% are fracture-vug type reservoirs.The Tahe oilfield is different from other carbonate oilfields,which is strong heterogeneity fracture and vug carbonate reservoir with complicated geological conditions and reservoir spaces. it’s very difficult to understand reservoirs,manage and analysis oilfield. So making full use of well test monitoring data, inosculating dynamic analysis and expanding well test interpretion application has a very important significance for accurately understand and effective development the fracture and vug carbonate reservoir. Starting with relationship of the characteristics of well test pressure response and the production performance law of different fracture-vug unit, by making use of smoothing technique based on the B spline and deconvolution method based on the Duhamel principle and Laplace transformation thesis studies the filtration questions of well bore stora, high-frequency noise and other influence factors,and that make the well test curve can reflect the actual dynamic in reservoirs. Bonding characteristic of well test curve and basing reservoir type, developmental state and seepage performance in ordovician carbonate reservoirs of Tahe oilfield,the reservoirs are divided into eight kinds firstly,and then the well test curves are divided into four kinds based on the pore distribution and combination: types of pseudo- homogeneous, types of dual/ multiple media, types of composite reservoirs and types of complex reservoirs;the thesis establishes characteristic chart boards of production performance curve with different reservoirs through studying on relationship of different production performance law and fracture-vug unit; establishes corresponding pattern of well test curve-fracture-vug unit-production performance through comparative study on characteristic of well test curve, geological characteristics and development performance law;and establishes characteristic chart boards of production performance with wells in different reservoirs through verification research on established corresponding pattern with the method of well test interpretion and numerical simulation.The production performance boards come from dynamic fitting of typical well with typical law,which have strong representativeness and provide evidence for production performance prediction.
引文
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[18] Martin J.C. Simplified Equations of Flow in GasDrive Reservoirs and the Theoretical Foundation of Multiphase Pressure Buildup Analysis[J]. AIME,1959,216:309-311
[19] Raghavan R. Well Test Analysis: Wells Producing by Solution Gas Drive[J]. SPE 5588,1975
[20] Chiang C.P., Kennedy W.A. Numerical Simulation of Pressure Behavior In a FracturedReservoir[J] . SPE 3067,1970
[21] Suzuki S., Daly C., Caers J.,et al. History Matching of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs Using Elastic Stress Simulation and Probability Perturbation Method[J]. SPE 95498,2005
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[25]候晓春,王晓冬.Stehfest算法在试井分析中的应用扩展[J].油气井测试,1996, 5(4):21-24.
[26] Russell, D.G.. Extensions of Pressure Build-Up Analysis Methods[J]. SPE 1513,1966
[27] Gladfelter R.E. , Stewart F.M. , Callaway F.H. Comparison of Methods for Analyzing a Water Drive Field, Torchlight Ten Sleep Reservoir[J]. SPE 331,1955
[28] Fetkovich, M.J., Vienot, M.E. Rate Normalization of Buildup Pressure By Using Afterflow Data[J]. SPE 12179,1984
[29] Johnston, L.K. High-Resolution VSP Imaging To Locate Additional Reserves in Producing Fields[J]. SPE 24685,1992
[30] von Schroeter T., Hollaender F. , Gringarten A.C. Deconvolution of Well-Test Data as a Nonlinear Total Least-Squares Problem[J]. SPE 77688,2004
[31]葛家理.油气层渗流力学[M].石油工业出版社,1981:1-90
[32]张建国,张艳玉,雷光伦.油气层渗流力学[M].石油大学出版社,1998:102-105
[33]刘慧卿.油藏数值模拟方法专题[M].石油大学出版社,2001:80-102
[34]陈月明.油藏数值模拟基础[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1989:101-118
[35]韩大匡,陈钦雷,闫存章.油藏数值模拟基础[M].石油工业出版社,1993:91-104
[2]《试井手册》编写组编.试井手册(下)[M].石油工业出版社,1992:1-186
[3]孔祥言.高等渗流力学[M].中国科学技术大学出版社,1999:9-46
[4] [加]J.F.斯坦尼斯拉维,[美]C.S.卡比尔.压力不稳定试井分析[M].谢兴礼,陈钦雷译.北京:石油工业出版社,1996:15-40
[5]姚军.数值试井理论研究[D].东营:石油大学(华东),2000
[6]尹寿鹏.储层渗透率非均质性参数研究[J],国外油气勘探,1998,10(6):694-701
[7]刘立明、陈钦雷、王光辉.油水两相渗流压降数值试井模型的建立[J].石油大学学报,2001,25(2):42-45
[8]刘立明,陈钦雷.单相流数值试井模型[J].油气井测试,2001,10(4):11-14
[9]刘立明,陈钦雷.试井理论发展的新方向—数值试井[J].油气井测试,2001,10(1):78-82
[10]李庆扬,关治.数值计算原理[M].清华大学出版社, 2000:18-24
[11]贾永禄,赵必荣.拉普拉斯变换及数值反演在试井分析中的应用[J].天然气工业,1992,12(1):60-64
[12]成绥民,段永刚.早期试井分析的新方法[J].石油学报,1990,11(2):80-84
[13]张公社,成绥民,陈伟.DST压力恢复分析的卷积法[J].西安石油学院学报,1996,11(1):19-22
[14]李治平,赵必荣.变井筒储集下的试井图版研制[J].石油钻采工艺,1994,16(4):53-59
[15]程时清,徐论勋,张德超.低速非达西渗流试井典型曲线拟合法[J].石油勘探与开发,1996,23(4):50-53
[16]赵东,童宪章.一种新的自动拟合试井解释法[J].石油学报,1989,10(1):63-72
[17] Perrine R.L. Analysis of Pressure Buildup Curve[J]. Dill and ProdPrac,1956.2
[18] Martin J.C. Simplified Equations of Flow in GasDrive Reservoirs and the Theoretical Foundation of Multiphase Pressure Buildup Analysis[J]. AIME,1959,216:309-311
[19] Raghavan R. Well Test Analysis: Wells Producing by Solution Gas Drive[J]. SPE 5588,1975
[20] Chiang C.P., Kennedy W.A. Numerical Simulation of Pressure Behavior In a FracturedReservoir[J] . SPE 3067,1970
[21] Suzuki S., Daly C., Caers J.,et al. History Matching of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs Using Elastic Stress Simulation and Probability Perturbation Method[J]. SPE 95498,2005
[22] Bourdet D.,Whittle T.M.,Dougla A.A., et al. A New Set of Type Curves Simplifies Well Test Analysis [J].World Oil,1983.5(2):95-106
[23] Simmons J.F.,Fair P.S. Novel Well Testing Applications of Transform Deconvolution[J]. SPE 24716,1986
[24] Clark, D.G., Norsk Hydro,Van Golf-Racht, T.D. , et al. Pressure-Derivative Approach to Transient Test Analysis: A High-Permeability North Sea Reservoir Example[J]. SPE 12959,1985
[25]候晓春,王晓冬.Stehfest算法在试井分析中的应用扩展[J].油气井测试,1996, 5(4):21-24.
[26] Russell, D.G.. Extensions of Pressure Build-Up Analysis Methods[J]. SPE 1513,1966
[27] Gladfelter R.E. , Stewart F.M. , Callaway F.H. Comparison of Methods for Analyzing a Water Drive Field, Torchlight Ten Sleep Reservoir[J]. SPE 331,1955
[28] Fetkovich, M.J., Vienot, M.E. Rate Normalization of Buildup Pressure By Using Afterflow Data[J]. SPE 12179,1984
[29] Johnston, L.K. High-Resolution VSP Imaging To Locate Additional Reserves in Producing Fields[J]. SPE 24685,1992
[30] von Schroeter T., Hollaender F. , Gringarten A.C. Deconvolution of Well-Test Data as a Nonlinear Total Least-Squares Problem[J]. SPE 77688,2004
[31]葛家理.油气层渗流力学[M].石油工业出版社,1981:1-90
[32]张建国,张艳玉,雷光伦.油气层渗流力学[M].石油大学出版社,1998:102-105
[33]刘慧卿.油藏数值模拟方法专题[M].石油大学出版社,2001:80-102
[34]陈月明.油藏数值模拟基础[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1989:101-118
[35]韩大匡,陈钦雷,闫存章.油藏数值模拟基础[M].石油工业出版社,1993:91-104