模网混凝土聚合物改性砂浆保护层性能研究
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摘要
本文主要对模网混凝土聚合物改性水泥砂浆保护层的性能进行研究，着重探讨了与耐久性密切相关的抗裂性能和抗渗性能。利用材料复合的原理在普通砂浆中掺入丁苯胶乳形成聚合物改性水泥砂浆代替传统的普通水泥砂浆作为模网混凝土的表面保护层，以改善面层砂浆的抗裂性、抗渗性、柔韧性，提高其与模网混凝土的协调变形能力，从而保护内部钢模网不受锈蚀并最终提高模网混凝土的耐久性。
在改善砂浆抗裂性、提高柔韧性和协调变形能力方面，进行了不同聚合物掺量的强度试验、弹性模量试验；设计了与模网混凝土实际结构和情况相接近的新老砂浆粘结强度试验、砂浆与苯板的粘结试验以及混凝土环中的砂浆收缩试验；进行了不同强度、不同聚合物掺量下的砂浆干缩变形试验、温度变形试验，以及不同结构形式的钢网自身温度变形试验和配有钢网的砂浆温度变形试验。
在改进砂浆的密实度和抗渗性能方面，主要进行了不同聚合物掺量下的吸水性试验、可透孔隙率试验、耐老化性试验、抗冻性试验、抗碳化试验，以及对耐久性能影响最大的快速氯离子扩散试验，并和普通砂浆的相应试验进行了对比分析，验证了聚合物砂浆的改性效果。
在上述试验基础上，从微观角度对改性前后的水泥砂浆进行扫描电镜分析，结合砂浆微观结构，深入分析聚合物改性水泥砂浆的改性机理。经过试验研究和微观理论分析后，得出改性砂浆中聚合物的最佳掺量为9％的结论。最后考虑经济因素，对改性砂浆的拌和工艺和工程造价进行了探讨，使其在聚合物掺量较低的情况下获得优良的性能，对推广其工程应用具有很大的经济意义。
In this paper the properties of the polymer modified cement mortar are studied of DIDY formwork concrete surface coated layer for protection. The emphasis is focused on the permeability and cracking-proof feature. Use the principle of material complex, carboxylic styrene-butadiene rubber latex added to the ordinary mortar forms PMM which takes the place of the conventional mortar as the surface coated. It can improve the cracking-proof feature, permeability, flexibility, as well as the compatibility with formwork concrete, to protect the formwork from corrosion and finally to enhance the durability of formwork concrete.
In the aspect of improving the cracking feature, compatibility and flexibility, the author has done experiments, including strength, modulus of elasticity experiments, and design some experiments similar to the practical structure and circumstance including adhesion strength between fresh mortars and old ones, between mortar and polystyrene board, mortar shrinkage in concrete circle, mortar shrinkage at different strength and different polymer-cement ratio, and temperature deformability at different strength and different polymer-cement ratio on mortars, on different type of formwork and on mortars with different type of formwork.
In the aspect of mortar permeability the author has done some experiments, including the water absorption, porosity, weatherability, anti-freeze-thaw cycle, carbonation and the chloride diffusion experiment, and compared those properties with conventional mortar to testify the modified effects.
On the base of these experiments, the method of SEM was used to analyze the microstructure and hydration mechanism of polymer modified cement mortar, and the author draws a conclusion that the 9 percent of polymer-cement ratio is the optimum ratio. Finally, make allowance for economic factors, the mixture technique and engineering cost are discussed. The PMM can be gained better properties at a low polymer-cement ratio, which have a great economic significance to enlarge its engineering application.
在改善砂浆抗裂性、提高柔韧性和协调变形能力方面，进行了不同聚合物掺量的强度试验、弹性模量试验；设计了与模网混凝土实际结构和情况相接近的新老砂浆粘结强度试验、砂浆与苯板的粘结试验以及混凝土环中的砂浆收缩试验；进行了不同强度、不同聚合物掺量下的砂浆干缩变形试验、温度变形试验，以及不同结构形式的钢网自身温度变形试验和配有钢网的砂浆温度变形试验。
在改进砂浆的密实度和抗渗性能方面，主要进行了不同聚合物掺量下的吸水性试验、可透孔隙率试验、耐老化性试验、抗冻性试验、抗碳化试验，以及对耐久性能影响最大的快速氯离子扩散试验，并和普通砂浆的相应试验进行了对比分析，验证了聚合物砂浆的改性效果。
在上述试验基础上，从微观角度对改性前后的水泥砂浆进行扫描电镜分析，结合砂浆微观结构，深入分析聚合物改性水泥砂浆的改性机理。经过试验研究和微观理论分析后，得出改性砂浆中聚合物的最佳掺量为9％的结论。最后考虑经济因素，对改性砂浆的拌和工艺和工程造价进行了探讨，使其在聚合物掺量较低的情况下获得优良的性能，对推广其工程应用具有很大的经济意义。
In this paper the properties of the polymer modified cement mortar are studied of DIDY formwork concrete surface coated layer for protection. The emphasis is focused on the permeability and cracking-proof feature. Use the principle of material complex, carboxylic styrene-butadiene rubber latex added to the ordinary mortar forms PMM which takes the place of the conventional mortar as the surface coated. It can improve the cracking-proof feature, permeability, flexibility, as well as the compatibility with formwork concrete, to protect the formwork from corrosion and finally to enhance the durability of formwork concrete.
In the aspect of improving the cracking feature, compatibility and flexibility, the author has done experiments, including strength, modulus of elasticity experiments, and design some experiments similar to the practical structure and circumstance including adhesion strength between fresh mortars and old ones, between mortar and polystyrene board, mortar shrinkage in concrete circle, mortar shrinkage at different strength and different polymer-cement ratio, and temperature deformability at different strength and different polymer-cement ratio on mortars, on different type of formwork and on mortars with different type of formwork.
In the aspect of mortar permeability the author has done some experiments, including the water absorption, porosity, weatherability, anti-freeze-thaw cycle, carbonation and the chloride diffusion experiment, and compared those properties with conventional mortar to testify the modified effects.
On the base of these experiments, the method of SEM was used to analyze the microstructure and hydration mechanism of polymer modified cement mortar, and the author draws a conclusion that the 9 percent of polymer-cement ratio is the optimum ratio. Finally, make allowance for economic factors, the mixture technique and engineering cost are discussed. The PMM can be gained better properties at a low polymer-cement ratio, which have a great economic significance to enlarge its engineering application.
引文
1．王立久，赵国藩．建筑模网夹芯混凝土增强机理研究．建筑材料学报，2000，3(2)：98～102
2．王立久，李洪义．我国新型住宅结构体系及墙体材料现状．房材与应用，2001，29(5)：3～7
3．王立久，刘显福．帝枇建筑模网．房材与应用，1999，27(4)：20～22
4. Bache H.H. Fracture mechanics in designing of concrete and concrete structures. Fracture Toughness and Fracture energy of concrete, edited by F.H. Wittmann, 1986
5．刘志勇。低掺量乳胶粉和矿粉复合改性聚合物水泥砂浆的性能．新型建筑材料，1999，(3)：20～23
6．曲淑英．聚合物改性水泥砂浆．新型建筑材料，1998，(5)：21～22
7．申爱琴，李祝龙，王小明．聚合物乳液改性水泥混凝土的微观结构．混凝土，2001，(3)：40～42
8．国家标准管理组等编．工业建筑防腐设计规范．建筑防腐材料设计与施工手册．北京：化工出版社，1996
9. A.Tvarusko, J.E.Bennett. Deterioration and Repair of Reinforced Concrete in the Arbian Gulf. Proc. 2nd Inter. Conf. Manama, Bahbrain, 1987:139
10．张学元，杜元龙，史志明．钢筋混凝土腐蚀与防护的技术发展动态。腐蚀与防护．1999，(13)1：9～12
11．吴贤官．涂料防腐蚀与涂装，第六讲钢筋混凝土结构的腐蚀与涂料防护．腐蚀与防护，1999，20(7)：339～342
12. Balasubramanian T M, Srinivasan S, Balakrishnan K, Saravanan K. 10th International congress on metallic corrosion. 1987.1533～1538
13. Page C L, Treadway K W J, Bamfcrth P B(eds). Corrosion of reinforcement in concrete. London and New York: Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., 1990
14. Crane A P. Corrosion of reinforcement in concrete construction. Chichester (English): Ellis Horwood Ltd., 1983
15．洪定海．混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀与保护。北京：中国铁道出版社，1998
16. Page C L, Treadaway KW. Nature, 1982,297:109～115
17. Sehgal A, Kho Y T, Qsseo-Asare K, Picketing H W. Corrosion (NACE), 1992, 48(10): 871～880
18. Changiz D, Locke C E. Corrosion/81,The international corrosion forum (sponsored by NACE) April, 1981.48/2～48/14
19. Schiessl P, Raupach M. Concrete International, 1992, (7): 52～55
20. El-Sayed H A. Corrosion Prevention and Control, 1986, (8): 92
21. Ali M G, Dakhil F H. Rasheadxxafax. Anti-corrosion, 1989, Apr: 4
22. Elsener B, Bohni H. Electrochemical methods in corrosion research (edited by Dupart M). Material
science forum, 1986, (8): 363～372
23. Huete F, Royuela J J. 10th International congress on metallic corrosion. 1987.1507～1519
24. Wenger F, Zhang J, Galland J, Lemonie L. 10th International congress on metallic corrosion. 1987. 1539～1546
25. Mehta P K, Schiessl P, Raupach M. 9th International congress on the chemistry of cement. 1992.537～638
26. Salter J E. Corrosion of metals in association with concrete. Philadelphia (U.S.A): ASTM Special Technical Publication, 1983
27．洪乃丰．混凝土中钢筋腐蚀与结构物的耐久性．公路，2001，(2)：66～69
28．王绍基，洪乃丰。混凝土中钢筋腐蚀破坏与修复对策．工业腐蚀，1997，12：36～39
29．沈如，李敏，邹斌．高强混凝土聚合物增韧研究．四川建筑科学研究，2000，26(1)：55～56
30．解灵霞，王长华，黄振国．钢筋混凝土防腐蚀方法综述．郑州工业大学学报，1997，18(1)：89～94
31. Liang, Naixing. Untersuchtmgen uber mit Elastomeren modifizierte Zement. Dissertation, TU Clausthal, 1991
32. Ohama, Y. Polymer modified Mortars and Concrete. Concrete Admixture Handbook. New Jersey USA: Edited by Romachandran, V. S. Noyes Publications, Partk Ridge, 1984
33. Ohama, Y. Principle of Latex Modification and Some Typical Properties of Latex Modified Mortars and Concretes. ACI Material Journal, Nov.～Dec. 1987, 511～518
34. Konietzko, A. Polymerspezifische Auswerkungen auf das Tragverhalten modifizierter zementgebundener Beton (PCC) Dissertation Braunschweig, 1988
35. K. E.Hassan, J.J.Brooks, L.Al-Alawi. Compatibility of repair mortars with concrete in hot-day environment. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2000,23(11): 93-101
36．王新友，吴科如．聚合物水泥砂浆与混凝土粘结界面的断裂性能研究．混凝土与水泥制品，1995，(1)：8～10
37. Carter P D. Preventive Maintenance of Concrete Bridge Decks, Concrete International, 1989,11:33～36
38. Paul J H. Extending the life of Concrete Repairs. Concrete International, 1989, (3): 62～66
39. Thompson J L, Silsbee M R, Gill P M et al. Characterization of Silicate Sealers on Concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 1997, 27(10): 1561～1567
40. Clear, K C, Chollar B H. Styrene-Butadiene Latex Modifiers for Bridge Deck Overlay Concrete. FHWA-RD-78-35, Apr. 1978 (National Technical Information Server, PB2839 45)
41. Waters, D G. Styrene-Butadiene Latex Modified Concrete (S-B LMC) Bridge Deck Overlays. International Congress of Polymer in Concrete. San Francisco CA: Sep. 1991, Ohama, Y. Polymer-based Admixtures. Cement and Concrete Composites, 1998, 20(6): 189～212
42. Ohama, Y. Polymer-based Admixtures. Cement and Concrete Composites, 1998, 20(6): 189～212
43．林振等．混凝土分次投料搅拌工艺的试验研究及裹砂石的生产应用．混凝土与水泥制品，1985，(3)：11～15
44．常大勇，赵若鹏．净浆裹骨料工艺增强机理探讨．混凝土，1991，(4)，11～18
45. Jae-Ho Kim, Richard E. Roberson. Prevention of air void formation in polymer-modified cement mortar by pre-wetting. Cement and Concrete Research, 1997, 27(2): 171～176
2．王立久，李洪义．我国新型住宅结构体系及墙体材料现状．房材与应用，2001，29(5)：3～7
3．王立久，刘显福．帝枇建筑模网．房材与应用，1999，27(4)：20～22
4. Bache H.H. Fracture mechanics in designing of concrete and concrete structures. Fracture Toughness and Fracture energy of concrete, edited by F.H. Wittmann, 1986
5．刘志勇。低掺量乳胶粉和矿粉复合改性聚合物水泥砂浆的性能．新型建筑材料，1999，(3)：20～23
6．曲淑英．聚合物改性水泥砂浆．新型建筑材料，1998，(5)：21～22
7．申爱琴，李祝龙，王小明．聚合物乳液改性水泥混凝土的微观结构．混凝土，2001，(3)：40～42
8．国家标准管理组等编．工业建筑防腐设计规范．建筑防腐材料设计与施工手册．北京：化工出版社，1996
9. A.Tvarusko, J.E.Bennett. Deterioration and Repair of Reinforced Concrete in the Arbian Gulf. Proc. 2nd Inter. Conf. Manama, Bahbrain, 1987:139
10．张学元，杜元龙，史志明．钢筋混凝土腐蚀与防护的技术发展动态。腐蚀与防护．1999，(13)1：9～12
11．吴贤官．涂料防腐蚀与涂装，第六讲钢筋混凝土结构的腐蚀与涂料防护．腐蚀与防护，1999，20(7)：339～342
12. Balasubramanian T M, Srinivasan S, Balakrishnan K, Saravanan K. 10th International congress on metallic corrosion. 1987.1533～1538
13. Page C L, Treadway K W J, Bamfcrth P B(eds). Corrosion of reinforcement in concrete. London and New York: Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., 1990
14. Crane A P. Corrosion of reinforcement in concrete construction. Chichester (English): Ellis Horwood Ltd., 1983
15．洪定海．混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀与保护。北京：中国铁道出版社，1998
16. Page C L, Treadaway KW. Nature, 1982,297:109～115
17. Sehgal A, Kho Y T, Qsseo-Asare K, Picketing H W. Corrosion (NACE), 1992, 48(10): 871～880
18. Changiz D, Locke C E. Corrosion/81,The international corrosion forum (sponsored by NACE) April, 1981.48/2～48/14
19. Schiessl P, Raupach M. Concrete International, 1992, (7): 52～55
20. El-Sayed H A. Corrosion Prevention and Control, 1986, (8): 92
21. Ali M G, Dakhil F H. Rasheadxxafax. Anti-corrosion, 1989, Apr: 4
22. Elsener B, Bohni H. Electrochemical methods in corrosion research (edited by Dupart M). Material
science forum, 1986, (8): 363～372
23. Huete F, Royuela J J. 10th International congress on metallic corrosion. 1987.1507～1519
24. Wenger F, Zhang J, Galland J, Lemonie L. 10th International congress on metallic corrosion. 1987. 1539～1546
25. Mehta P K, Schiessl P, Raupach M. 9th International congress on the chemistry of cement. 1992.537～638
26. Salter J E. Corrosion of metals in association with concrete. Philadelphia (U.S.A): ASTM Special Technical Publication, 1983
27．洪乃丰．混凝土中钢筋腐蚀与结构物的耐久性．公路，2001，(2)：66～69
28．王绍基，洪乃丰。混凝土中钢筋腐蚀破坏与修复对策．工业腐蚀，1997，12：36～39
29．沈如，李敏，邹斌．高强混凝土聚合物增韧研究．四川建筑科学研究，2000，26(1)：55～56
30．解灵霞，王长华，黄振国．钢筋混凝土防腐蚀方法综述．郑州工业大学学报，1997，18(1)：89～94
31. Liang, Naixing. Untersuchtmgen uber mit Elastomeren modifizierte Zement. Dissertation, TU Clausthal, 1991
32. Ohama, Y. Polymer modified Mortars and Concrete. Concrete Admixture Handbook. New Jersey USA: Edited by Romachandran, V. S. Noyes Publications, Partk Ridge, 1984
33. Ohama, Y. Principle of Latex Modification and Some Typical Properties of Latex Modified Mortars and Concretes. ACI Material Journal, Nov.～Dec. 1987, 511～518
34. Konietzko, A. Polymerspezifische Auswerkungen auf das Tragverhalten modifizierter zementgebundener Beton (PCC) Dissertation Braunschweig, 1988
35. K. E.Hassan, J.J.Brooks, L.Al-Alawi. Compatibility of repair mortars with concrete in hot-day environment. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2000,23(11): 93-101
36．王新友，吴科如．聚合物水泥砂浆与混凝土粘结界面的断裂性能研究．混凝土与水泥制品，1995，(1)：8～10
37. Carter P D. Preventive Maintenance of Concrete Bridge Decks, Concrete International, 1989,11:33～36
38. Paul J H. Extending the life of Concrete Repairs. Concrete International, 1989, (3): 62～66
39. Thompson J L, Silsbee M R, Gill P M et al. Characterization of Silicate Sealers on Concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 1997, 27(10): 1561～1567
40. Clear, K C, Chollar B H. Styrene-Butadiene Latex Modifiers for Bridge Deck Overlay Concrete. FHWA-RD-78-35, Apr. 1978 (National Technical Information Server, PB2839 45)
41. Waters, D G. Styrene-Butadiene Latex Modified Concrete (S-B LMC) Bridge Deck Overlays. International Congress of Polymer in Concrete. San Francisco CA: Sep. 1991, Ohama, Y. Polymer-based Admixtures. Cement and Concrete Composites, 1998, 20(6): 189～212
42. Ohama, Y. Polymer-based Admixtures. Cement and Concrete Composites, 1998, 20(6): 189～212
43．林振等．混凝土分次投料搅拌工艺的试验研究及裹砂石的生产应用．混凝土与水泥制品，1985，(3)：11～15
44．常大勇，赵若鹏．净浆裹骨料工艺增强机理探讨．混凝土，1991，(4)，11～18
45. Jae-Ho Kim, Richard E. Roberson. Prevention of air void formation in polymer-modified cement mortar by pre-wetting. Cement and Concrete Research, 1997, 27(2): 171～176