电力市场中网损分摊与发电报价修正问题的研究
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摘要
电力市场的运营模式多种多样,而且随着电力市场的发展单一运营模式已经不能满足用户的要求,目前的网损分摊方法多局限于某一特定运营模式,因此寻求一种适用于多种运营模式的网损分摊方法是非常必要的。本文研究了联营交易模式和双边交易模式的特点,在功率分量理论的基础上指出了在电源和负荷不变的情况下,双边交易只是电能的一种交易形式,它不会改变网络的潮流分布,也不会改变系统的网损,而且双边交易的电量是受潮流分布限制的;分别定义了电源功率分布矩阵和双边交易电量矩阵,并用电源功率分布矩阵对双边交易电量矩阵进行修正,解决了双边交易电量与实际潮流分布不一致的问题;在此基础上提出了联营交易和双边交易混合模式下的网损分摊方法,将修正过的双边交易和联营交易等效成理想电流源引入节点电压方程,进而推导出各种交易在网络中产生损耗的分布情况,有效地将网损分摊给联营交易和双边交易,而且该方法满足网损的收支平衡。
论文在网损分摊的基础上结合费用流的概念指出了可变费用潮流与物理潮流具有一致性,实现了物理潮流和经济潮流的统一,提出了支路费用守恒原则和节点费用守恒原则;在网损分摊和费用流守恒原则的基础上依据功率分量的电源归属构建了任一电源在网络中的节点电价模型,仅考虑输电网损耗的单电源节点电价反映了电源的发电费用和输电网损耗造成的可变费用在负荷点的价格,因此,本文提出把任一电源在所有负荷点的节点电价的加权代数平均值作为该电源的网损修正发电报价。本文构建的发电报价修正模型充分考虑了电源的位置、功率的输送路径以及在输送过程中网损造成的可变成本的变化实质。网损修正发电报价能够提供正确的经济信号,有效地引导市场参与者合理配置资源。
提出用网损修正报价进行日前市场竞价来确定各电源的上网电量,按电源投标价格结算的竞价机制。改进的竞价机制体现了发电竞价公平性,不存在持留发电容量的问题,能有效地抑制市场力,而且该机制的市场价格出现波动的风险较小。本文还提出电源的报价应该以电厂为单位而不应该以机组为单位来报价,而且电厂在报价时应考虑机组的启停因素及成本,能够刺激发电厂降低发电成本,提高竞争力,以达到电厂内部的经济调度从而获得最大利益,最终有利于社会整体利益的最大化。这样,一方面可使竞价交易模型简化,另一方面增强了电厂的市场竞争意识和力度。最后构建了日前市场交易模型,并采用改进粒子群优化方法结合罚函数法求解上述模型。
The method of net loss allocation on the pool model is proposed on the basis of the power decomposition. According to the characteristics of this model, the net loss will be shared to the electrical sources. The choice of slack bus will not affect this method and the slack bus also be allocated the net loss. This paper defines the bilateral trade matrix on the bilateral model, and it is transformed to the current column vectors, these vectors then are introduced to the node voltage equations, deducing the distribution of net loss. It points out that bilateral trade is only a power trade, which will neither change the physical flow nor the net loss. Then the power sources -supplied distribution matrix is defined on the mixed-model, according to this matrix, this paper points out that the power trade is constrained by the physical flow. The transactions that disobey the restriction should be corrected,then the solutions are proposed, through modifying the bilateral trade matrix, the problem that bilateral
power trade is not coincident with the actual flow is solved. The corrected bilateral trade matrix could effectively share the net loss to the pool bargaining and bilateral bargaining. The mixed strategy could meet the requirements of market competitors, which will be the ultimate business model.
The concept of variable costs flow is defined, it points out that the variable costs flow is consistent with the physical flow, which could be unified by this concept. Variable cost flow conservation principle is then proposed, it is that branch cost conservation principle and the nodes cost conservation principle. Based on the variable costs flow conservation principle, the node price model is constructed. The weighted average of all load-nodes price, which is provided by one of generations, could be as the quoted price of this generation corrected by net loss. Correcting quoted price is not only associated with the method of net loss allocation,
but also associated with the corrected model. The model proposed by this paper fully considers the location of sources, the path of transmission and the change of variable cost caused by net loss. It can provide the right economic signals, which could effectively guide market participants to allocate the resources rationally.
This paper proposes a strategy of price competition, which contains two parts, one is that the day-time bidding bases on the quoted price corrected by net loss, it determines how much electric energy should be on grid, and another is that the balance should base on bidding. Improved bidding strategy is fair to the competitors, there is no reserved capacity, it can effectively inhibit market force, and the market price fluctuations are less risk. This paper thinks that electric sources bidding should be done by power plants unit rather than generations unit, and the bidding should take into the generations whether work or not and their cost, that could stimulate the power plants to reduce costs and improve competitive position, that could make plants scheduling economically to get maximum of economic interests, it ultimately contributes to the interests of the whole community to maximize. In this way, one can simplify the bidding model; on the other hand enhance the competitive awareness of the plants and intensity in the market. Last, the day-time trading model is constructed, which is solved by improved method of Particle Swarm Optimization uniting the penalty function.
论文在网损分摊的基础上结合费用流的概念指出了可变费用潮流与物理潮流具有一致性,实现了物理潮流和经济潮流的统一,提出了支路费用守恒原则和节点费用守恒原则;在网损分摊和费用流守恒原则的基础上依据功率分量的电源归属构建了任一电源在网络中的节点电价模型,仅考虑输电网损耗的单电源节点电价反映了电源的发电费用和输电网损耗造成的可变费用在负荷点的价格,因此,本文提出把任一电源在所有负荷点的节点电价的加权代数平均值作为该电源的网损修正发电报价。本文构建的发电报价修正模型充分考虑了电源的位置、功率的输送路径以及在输送过程中网损造成的可变成本的变化实质。网损修正发电报价能够提供正确的经济信号,有效地引导市场参与者合理配置资源。
提出用网损修正报价进行日前市场竞价来确定各电源的上网电量,按电源投标价格结算的竞价机制。改进的竞价机制体现了发电竞价公平性,不存在持留发电容量的问题,能有效地抑制市场力,而且该机制的市场价格出现波动的风险较小。本文还提出电源的报价应该以电厂为单位而不应该以机组为单位来报价,而且电厂在报价时应考虑机组的启停因素及成本,能够刺激发电厂降低发电成本,提高竞争力,以达到电厂内部的经济调度从而获得最大利益,最终有利于社会整体利益的最大化。这样,一方面可使竞价交易模型简化,另一方面增强了电厂的市场竞争意识和力度。最后构建了日前市场交易模型,并采用改进粒子群优化方法结合罚函数法求解上述模型。
The method of net loss allocation on the pool model is proposed on the basis of the power decomposition. According to the characteristics of this model, the net loss will be shared to the electrical sources. The choice of slack bus will not affect this method and the slack bus also be allocated the net loss. This paper defines the bilateral trade matrix on the bilateral model, and it is transformed to the current column vectors, these vectors then are introduced to the node voltage equations, deducing the distribution of net loss. It points out that bilateral trade is only a power trade, which will neither change the physical flow nor the net loss. Then the power sources -supplied distribution matrix is defined on the mixed-model, according to this matrix, this paper points out that the power trade is constrained by the physical flow. The transactions that disobey the restriction should be corrected,then the solutions are proposed, through modifying the bilateral trade matrix, the problem that bilateral
power trade is not coincident with the actual flow is solved. The corrected bilateral trade matrix could effectively share the net loss to the pool bargaining and bilateral bargaining. The mixed strategy could meet the requirements of market competitors, which will be the ultimate business model.
The concept of variable costs flow is defined, it points out that the variable costs flow is consistent with the physical flow, which could be unified by this concept. Variable cost flow conservation principle is then proposed, it is that branch cost conservation principle and the nodes cost conservation principle. Based on the variable costs flow conservation principle, the node price model is constructed. The weighted average of all load-nodes price, which is provided by one of generations, could be as the quoted price of this generation corrected by net loss. Correcting quoted price is not only associated with the method of net loss allocation,
but also associated with the corrected model. The model proposed by this paper fully considers the location of sources, the path of transmission and the change of variable cost caused by net loss. It can provide the right economic signals, which could effectively guide market participants to allocate the resources rationally.
This paper proposes a strategy of price competition, which contains two parts, one is that the day-time bidding bases on the quoted price corrected by net loss, it determines how much electric energy should be on grid, and another is that the balance should base on bidding. Improved bidding strategy is fair to the competitors, there is no reserved capacity, it can effectively inhibit market force, and the market price fluctuations are less risk. This paper thinks that electric sources bidding should be done by power plants unit rather than generations unit, and the bidding should take into the generations whether work or not and their cost, that could stimulate the power plants to reduce costs and improve competitive position, that could make plants scheduling economically to get maximum of economic interests, it ultimately contributes to the interests of the whole community to maximize. In this way, one can simplify the bidding model; on the other hand enhance the competitive awareness of the plants and intensity in the market. Last, the day-time trading model is constructed, which is solved by improved method of Particle Swarm Optimization uniting the penalty function.
引文
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