吉林城市空间发展演变研究
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摘要
吉林是一座历史悠久的城市，自1673年建城至今已经历近350年的岁月。在此期间曾为清廷对峙沙俄的军政中心，日伪殖民掠夺的工业重镇，新中国的重要工业基地。随着快速城市化进程，吉林市人口的迅速增加所导致的城市用地的增长、城市社会功能的重组、城市经济结构的调整，引起了城市空间形态的剧烈变动。
吉林城市空间是在特定的山水地理环境和政治、经济、社会条件下形成和发展起来的，是一个自然的、历史的过程，它不仅反映了人类在创造历史中的主观作用和规划干预过程，更多的是一个自然的发展过程，存在着自身演变发展的客观规律。论文结合城市发展自组织和他组织理论，将吉林城市空间发展演变看作一个开放系统的运行过程，将其放到一个纵横时空坐标当中分析，探讨其内在的发展演变规律和外在动力机制，为进一步研究城市空间发展模式奠定基础。
首先，论文界定吉林中心城区的空间发展演变为研究范围，对国内外城市空间发展的自组织理论进行归纳总结，建构吉林城市空间发展演变的理论体系：对自组织理论体系进行梳理，归纳城市空间的自组织机制；探析他组织机制对城市空间发展的制约与促进；最后提出自组织与他组织协同的城市空间发展策略。
其次，在理论框架建构基础上，按照吉林城市系统发展的内在特征，将吉林城市空间发展演变划分成三个典型阶段：依江生成阶段、跨江多核阶段、沿江蔓延阶段，总结三阶段城市空间发展演变特征，挖掘其内在自组织力推动、他组织干预力制约、市场机制激发等城市空间发展演变的动力机制。
第一阶段为自组织主导的城市形成。经历了城市空间的孕育、产生、形成的过程，城市结构从聚落开端到“城”产生以及“城”+“市”的生长，城市形态在空间上呈现出“跳跃式”，在时间上呈现出“两段式”的自组织性，表现为“简单系统”的单一空间，这一阶段城市空间的自组织机制主要体现在自然区位的内在驱动、民族文化的震荡发展、地缘政治的更迭影响。
第二阶段为他组织干预的空间裂变。城市空间经历了转型、突变、停滞的发展期，城市空间在时间脉络上呈现出单核生长、双核分异、跨江双岸的演化轨迹；城市空间结构以多核分异为主要特征，具体表现为混乱到有序的空间骨架、简单到复杂的功能增殖、自然与人工的肌理分异；行政干预成为这一阶段影响城市空间的重要的他组织机制，以自组织机制的激发力、政府政策驱动力、城市规划干预力的外在形式，深刻的影响着吉林城市空间的发展演变。
第三阶段为市场机制下的空间扩展。城市空间经历了内聚和扩展的发展期，呈现出了外部空间扩张、内部空间演替、滨水空间开发的演化过程。由于市场机制的主导，吉林城市经济的增长促使城市功能的扩张；土地体制改革，加速了房地产业对城市空间的影响；区域协同使得吉林在更大的地域范围内由市场机制发挥作用，加速城市空间的发展。
最后，基于对吉林城市空间演变及内在动力的剖析，探求自组织机制与他组织机制相契合的城市空间发展模式。提出多核协同的内部空间演替模式；提出跨越式的外部空间生长模式；并从区域角度探索其空间协同的趋势。
通过本文研究，取得以下创新成果。第一，明确吉林城市空间自组织主导的形成观；第二，提出吉林城市空间他组织干预的裂变论及市场机制的主导论；第三，提出吉林城市空间发展模式和发展方向。
Jilin is a historic city which has experienced nearly350years since1673.During this period,it was the military and political center that the QingDynasty was against the tsarist,the industrial town of the puppet governmentcolonial plunder and the new China's important industrial base.With rapidurbanization process,the growth of urban land,the restructuring of urban socialfunction and the adjustment of urban economic structure that caused by rapidpopulation increase in Jilin led to the dramatic changes of urban spatial form.
Jilin urban space is a natural, historical process which formed and developedin particular geographical environment and political,economic,social conditions.Itnot only reflects the subjective role and planning intervention processes in thecreation of the history,but also is a natural process of development that exists theobjective law of own evolvement.Combined with the self-organization and heter-organization theory of urban development, the paper regards urban spatialevolvement in Jilin as an operation process of open system,puts it into a verticaland horizontal time and space coordinates to analyze and discuss the innerevolvement rule and external power mechanism, lays the foundation for furtherstudy of urban spatial development mode.
Firstly, the paper defines urban spatial evolvement in Jilin as the researchscope,summarises the domestic and international self-organization theory of urbanspatial development and constructs the theory system of urban spatial developmentin Jilin: sorts out the self-organization theory system and induces urban spatial self-organization theory mechanism;anlayzas constraints and promotion of the heter-organization mechanism to urban spatial development;puts forward urban spatialdevelopment strategy that the collaboration of the self-organization and heter-organization.
Secondly,based on the theoretical framework,according to the intrinsiccharacteristics of Jilin urban systems development,the urban spatial evolvement inJilin is divided into three phases:generation by the river,multi-nucleus across theriver and spread along the river.Summarize urban spatial evolvement characteristicsof three phases,excavate the inner self-organization's promotion, heter-organization's intervention, market mechanism stimulation and other dynamicmechanism of urban spatial development and evolution.
The first phase is the city formation led by self-organization.During thepreparative, engender and growth progress of urban space,the urban structure isfrom village to “the rudiment of city”, and comes into being “city”+“town”.The urban shape is bouncing in space.It is the two sections of the self-organization intime, and represents the simple space of the simple system. In this phase, urbanspatial self-organization mechanism space reflects in the inner driving force of zonebit, the shock development of the ethnic culture and the influence of geopoliticalchange.
The second phase is the space fission of heter-organization's intervention.Theurban space experiences transformation, break and stagnancy development phase, inthe time context it shows the evolution track of single-nucleus growth, dual-nucleusdifferentiation and dual-shore aross the river; With dual-nucleus differentiation asthe main feature,the urban spatial structure manifests the space frame from chaos toorder,the function proliferation from simple to complex,the natural and artificialtexture differentiation;administrativeintervention becomes the important heter-organization mechanism that affects urbanspace and has a profound impact on the evolution of Jilin urban space by theexcitation force of self-organization mechanism, the driving force of governmentpolicy and the external form of urban planning intervention force.
The third phase is the space extension of the market mechanism. The urbanspace experiences cohesion and expansion development phase,it shows theevolution track of the external spatial expansion, the internal spatial succession andwaterfront spatial development. Because of the market mechanism's leading, Jilineconomic growth promotes the expansion of urban functions; land reformationaccelerates the effect that the real estate industry on urban space; regionalcollaboration make the market mechanism to play a role in geographical area andaccelerates the development of urban space.
Finally, based on the analysis of the evolution of urban space and the innerdriving force, explore the urban space development pattern of the self-organizationand organization mechanism,Proposed the internal spatial succession of muti-nucleus collaboration mode; Put forward the across growth mode of the outerspatial; explore the spatial coordination trend of regional perspectives.
Through this research,make the following innovations:firstly,make theformation view that led by urban spatial self-organization clear;secondly,putforward the fission theory that intervented by urban spatial heter-organization andthe dominant theory of urban spatial market mechanism; thirdly,put forward urbanspatial development pattern and development direction.
吉林城市空间是在特定的山水地理环境和政治、经济、社会条件下形成和发展起来的，是一个自然的、历史的过程，它不仅反映了人类在创造历史中的主观作用和规划干预过程，更多的是一个自然的发展过程，存在着自身演变发展的客观规律。论文结合城市发展自组织和他组织理论，将吉林城市空间发展演变看作一个开放系统的运行过程，将其放到一个纵横时空坐标当中分析，探讨其内在的发展演变规律和外在动力机制，为进一步研究城市空间发展模式奠定基础。
首先，论文界定吉林中心城区的空间发展演变为研究范围，对国内外城市空间发展的自组织理论进行归纳总结，建构吉林城市空间发展演变的理论体系：对自组织理论体系进行梳理，归纳城市空间的自组织机制；探析他组织机制对城市空间发展的制约与促进；最后提出自组织与他组织协同的城市空间发展策略。
其次，在理论框架建构基础上，按照吉林城市系统发展的内在特征，将吉林城市空间发展演变划分成三个典型阶段：依江生成阶段、跨江多核阶段、沿江蔓延阶段，总结三阶段城市空间发展演变特征，挖掘其内在自组织力推动、他组织干预力制约、市场机制激发等城市空间发展演变的动力机制。
第一阶段为自组织主导的城市形成。经历了城市空间的孕育、产生、形成的过程，城市结构从聚落开端到“城”产生以及“城”+“市”的生长，城市形态在空间上呈现出“跳跃式”，在时间上呈现出“两段式”的自组织性，表现为“简单系统”的单一空间，这一阶段城市空间的自组织机制主要体现在自然区位的内在驱动、民族文化的震荡发展、地缘政治的更迭影响。
第二阶段为他组织干预的空间裂变。城市空间经历了转型、突变、停滞的发展期，城市空间在时间脉络上呈现出单核生长、双核分异、跨江双岸的演化轨迹；城市空间结构以多核分异为主要特征，具体表现为混乱到有序的空间骨架、简单到复杂的功能增殖、自然与人工的肌理分异；行政干预成为这一阶段影响城市空间的重要的他组织机制，以自组织机制的激发力、政府政策驱动力、城市规划干预力的外在形式，深刻的影响着吉林城市空间的发展演变。
第三阶段为市场机制下的空间扩展。城市空间经历了内聚和扩展的发展期，呈现出了外部空间扩张、内部空间演替、滨水空间开发的演化过程。由于市场机制的主导，吉林城市经济的增长促使城市功能的扩张；土地体制改革，加速了房地产业对城市空间的影响；区域协同使得吉林在更大的地域范围内由市场机制发挥作用，加速城市空间的发展。
最后，基于对吉林城市空间演变及内在动力的剖析，探求自组织机制与他组织机制相契合的城市空间发展模式。提出多核协同的内部空间演替模式；提出跨越式的外部空间生长模式；并从区域角度探索其空间协同的趋势。
通过本文研究，取得以下创新成果。第一，明确吉林城市空间自组织主导的形成观；第二，提出吉林城市空间他组织干预的裂变论及市场机制的主导论；第三，提出吉林城市空间发展模式和发展方向。
Jilin is a historic city which has experienced nearly350years since1673.During this period,it was the military and political center that the QingDynasty was against the tsarist,the industrial town of the puppet governmentcolonial plunder and the new China's important industrial base.With rapidurbanization process,the growth of urban land,the restructuring of urban socialfunction and the adjustment of urban economic structure that caused by rapidpopulation increase in Jilin led to the dramatic changes of urban spatial form.
Jilin urban space is a natural, historical process which formed and developedin particular geographical environment and political,economic,social conditions.Itnot only reflects the subjective role and planning intervention processes in thecreation of the history,but also is a natural process of development that exists theobjective law of own evolvement.Combined with the self-organization and heter-organization theory of urban development, the paper regards urban spatialevolvement in Jilin as an operation process of open system,puts it into a verticaland horizontal time and space coordinates to analyze and discuss the innerevolvement rule and external power mechanism, lays the foundation for furtherstudy of urban spatial development mode.
Firstly, the paper defines urban spatial evolvement in Jilin as the researchscope,summarises the domestic and international self-organization theory of urbanspatial development and constructs the theory system of urban spatial developmentin Jilin: sorts out the self-organization theory system and induces urban spatial self-organization theory mechanism;anlayzas constraints and promotion of the heter-organization mechanism to urban spatial development;puts forward urban spatialdevelopment strategy that the collaboration of the self-organization and heter-organization.
Secondly,based on the theoretical framework,according to the intrinsiccharacteristics of Jilin urban systems development,the urban spatial evolvement inJilin is divided into three phases:generation by the river,multi-nucleus across theriver and spread along the river.Summarize urban spatial evolvement characteristicsof three phases,excavate the inner self-organization's promotion, heter-organization's intervention, market mechanism stimulation and other dynamicmechanism of urban spatial development and evolution.
The first phase is the city formation led by self-organization.During thepreparative, engender and growth progress of urban space,the urban structure isfrom village to “the rudiment of city”, and comes into being “city”+“town”.The urban shape is bouncing in space.It is the two sections of the self-organization intime, and represents the simple space of the simple system. In this phase, urbanspatial self-organization mechanism space reflects in the inner driving force of zonebit, the shock development of the ethnic culture and the influence of geopoliticalchange.
The second phase is the space fission of heter-organization's intervention.Theurban space experiences transformation, break and stagnancy development phase, inthe time context it shows the evolution track of single-nucleus growth, dual-nucleusdifferentiation and dual-shore aross the river; With dual-nucleus differentiation asthe main feature,the urban spatial structure manifests the space frame from chaos toorder,the function proliferation from simple to complex,the natural and artificialtexture differentiation;administrativeintervention becomes the important heter-organization mechanism that affects urbanspace and has a profound impact on the evolution of Jilin urban space by theexcitation force of self-organization mechanism, the driving force of governmentpolicy and the external form of urban planning intervention force.
The third phase is the space extension of the market mechanism. The urbanspace experiences cohesion and expansion development phase,it shows theevolution track of the external spatial expansion, the internal spatial succession andwaterfront spatial development. Because of the market mechanism's leading, Jilineconomic growth promotes the expansion of urban functions; land reformationaccelerates the effect that the real estate industry on urban space; regionalcollaboration make the market mechanism to play a role in geographical area andaccelerates the development of urban space.
Finally, based on the analysis of the evolution of urban space and the innerdriving force, explore the urban space development pattern of the self-organizationand organization mechanism,Proposed the internal spatial succession of muti-nucleus collaboration mode; Put forward the across growth mode of the outerspatial; explore the spatial coordination trend of regional perspectives.
Through this research,make the following innovations:firstly,make theformation view that led by urban spatial self-organization clear;secondly,putforward the fission theory that intervented by urban spatial heter-organization andthe dominant theory of urban spatial market mechanism; thirdly,put forward urbanspatial development pattern and development direction.
引文
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