基于纹理分析的小波域自适应水印研究
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摘要
数字水印技术是当前版权保护的重要手段之一。在实际运用中要求水印在不可见的前提下,有较高的鲁棒性。但是水印不可见性与鲁棒性此消彼长,因此寻求水印不可见性和鲁棒性之间的平衡,是研究水印算法的重中之重。
本文在深入分析现有的数字水印算法的基础上,重点研究了基于小波理论的自适应水印算法,针对已有的小波域自适应水印算法的不足进行了改进。本文结合图像拟仿射变换、混沌理论、纹理分析等理论提出了三种自适应水印算法。
(1)图像拟仿射变换的小波域自适应水印算法的提出与实现：首先利用图像拟仿射变换来置乱水印图像,然后利用混沌序列抽取子块来组成新载体,最后根据人类视觉系统将水印图像自适应的嵌入到新载体小波分解后的中频中,并通过修改奇异值的方式嵌入,提高了水印算法的安全性。
(2)纹理分析与WPT-SVD相结合的自适应水印算法的提出与实现：本算法是在算法一的基础上改进的：从小波分解扩展到小波包分解,拓宽了水印嵌入位置的选择,同时定义了纹理敏感值的计算方法,利用纹理敏感值与块能量的比值来计算各块最佳嵌入强度,嵌入时同样采用修改奇异值的方法,实验结果表明水印有很好的不可见性和鲁棒性。
(3)基于纹理分析的小波包自适应盲水印算法的提出与实现：在实际应用中,提取水印时,原始图像不易取得,因此为了进一步提高水印算法的实用性,本算法采用盲水印算法。在前两个算法的基础上,本算法在嵌入水印时,通过判断嵌入点周围点之间的关系确定该点嵌入强度,实现了盲提取。实验证明该算法在经过常见的攻击之后仍能较好的提取水印。
本文提出的三种自适应水印算法,实验证明具有很好的鲁棒性和稳健性,有一定的实用价值。
Digital watermarking technology is one of the important methods of copyright protection. We must ensure that the watermark is invisible and the embedded watermark images have a strong robustness. Watermark invisibility and robustness is contradictory, so maintaining the balance between invisibility and robustness is the most important thing during the study.
The presented three algorithms based on analysis of the existing principles of digital watermarking algorithm and the theory of wavelet-based adaptive digital watermarking algorithm. The main contents are as follows:
Algorithm one is "The adaptive digital watermarking algorithm based on quasi affine transformation". First, the algorithm used quasi affine transformation to scramble the watermark image. Second, we extract a number of blocks from the original image using chaotic sequence, and form a new sub-image using those blocks, then make the sub-image go to three wavelet transformations. The encrypted watermarking image was embedded into the sub-image, we embedded watermark by modifying the singular value, then put the blocks of the sub-image into the original position in the original image. Experimental results show that this algorithm is robust and stable to common digital image processing operations.
Algorithm two is "The adaptive digital watermarking algorithm based on WPT-SVD(Singular Value Decomposition) and texture analysis". the algorithm is changed based on the algorithm one. We extend from the wavelet decomposition to the wavelet packet decomposition, which greatly expanded the watermark embedding position. This algorithm also defined the texture-sensitive, embedding strength was calculated by the texture-sensitive and wavelet block energy ratio. The watermark was embedded by modifying the singular values. Experimental results show that this algorithm has high robustness.
Algorithm three is "The adaptive blind digital watermarking algorithm based on texture analysis". In practice, the original image is difficult to get, so in order to enhance the practicality of watermarking algorithm, this algorithm uses the blind extraction. Embedding strength was calculated by judging the relationship among the points around the embedded point. Experimental results show that this algorithm is robust and stable to common blind digital image processing operations.
The experiment shows the three algorithms in the dissertation have strong robust and some practical value.
本文在深入分析现有的数字水印算法的基础上,重点研究了基于小波理论的自适应水印算法,针对已有的小波域自适应水印算法的不足进行了改进。本文结合图像拟仿射变换、混沌理论、纹理分析等理论提出了三种自适应水印算法。
(1)图像拟仿射变换的小波域自适应水印算法的提出与实现：首先利用图像拟仿射变换来置乱水印图像,然后利用混沌序列抽取子块来组成新载体,最后根据人类视觉系统将水印图像自适应的嵌入到新载体小波分解后的中频中,并通过修改奇异值的方式嵌入,提高了水印算法的安全性。
(2)纹理分析与WPT-SVD相结合的自适应水印算法的提出与实现：本算法是在算法一的基础上改进的：从小波分解扩展到小波包分解,拓宽了水印嵌入位置的选择,同时定义了纹理敏感值的计算方法,利用纹理敏感值与块能量的比值来计算各块最佳嵌入强度,嵌入时同样采用修改奇异值的方法,实验结果表明水印有很好的不可见性和鲁棒性。
(3)基于纹理分析的小波包自适应盲水印算法的提出与实现：在实际应用中,提取水印时,原始图像不易取得,因此为了进一步提高水印算法的实用性,本算法采用盲水印算法。在前两个算法的基础上,本算法在嵌入水印时,通过判断嵌入点周围点之间的关系确定该点嵌入强度,实现了盲提取。实验证明该算法在经过常见的攻击之后仍能较好的提取水印。
本文提出的三种自适应水印算法,实验证明具有很好的鲁棒性和稳健性,有一定的实用价值。
Digital watermarking technology is one of the important methods of copyright protection. We must ensure that the watermark is invisible and the embedded watermark images have a strong robustness. Watermark invisibility and robustness is contradictory, so maintaining the balance between invisibility and robustness is the most important thing during the study.
The presented three algorithms based on analysis of the existing principles of digital watermarking algorithm and the theory of wavelet-based adaptive digital watermarking algorithm. The main contents are as follows:
Algorithm one is "The adaptive digital watermarking algorithm based on quasi affine transformation". First, the algorithm used quasi affine transformation to scramble the watermark image. Second, we extract a number of blocks from the original image using chaotic sequence, and form a new sub-image using those blocks, then make the sub-image go to three wavelet transformations. The encrypted watermarking image was embedded into the sub-image, we embedded watermark by modifying the singular value, then put the blocks of the sub-image into the original position in the original image. Experimental results show that this algorithm is robust and stable to common digital image processing operations.
Algorithm two is "The adaptive digital watermarking algorithm based on WPT-SVD(Singular Value Decomposition) and texture analysis". the algorithm is changed based on the algorithm one. We extend from the wavelet decomposition to the wavelet packet decomposition, which greatly expanded the watermark embedding position. This algorithm also defined the texture-sensitive, embedding strength was calculated by the texture-sensitive and wavelet block energy ratio. The watermark was embedded by modifying the singular values. Experimental results show that this algorithm has high robustness.
Algorithm three is "The adaptive blind digital watermarking algorithm based on texture analysis". In practice, the original image is difficult to get, so in order to enhance the practicality of watermarking algorithm, this algorithm uses the blind extraction. Embedding strength was calculated by judging the relationship among the points around the embedded point. Experimental results show that this algorithm is robust and stable to common blind digital image processing operations.
The experiment shows the three algorithms in the dissertation have strong robust and some practical value.
引文
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[2]Wu Hsienchu, Chang Chinchen. A novel digital image Watermarking scheme based on the Vector Quantization technique[J]. Computers and Security,2005,24(6):460-471
[3]金聪.数字图像处理[M].清华大学出版社,2007：272-278
[4]黄继武,SHI YunQ,姚若河.基于块分类的自适应图像水印算法[J].中国图象图形学报,1999,4(8)：640-643
[5]Huang Jianyong, Yang Changsheng. Image Digital Watermarking Algorithm Using Multiresolution Wavelet Transform [A]. In IEEE International Conference On System Man And Cybermetics.2004:2977-2982
[6]Delaigl E J F, VI Eeschouwer C D, Macq B. Watermarking algorithm based on a human visual model[J]. Signal Processing.1998,66(5):319-336
[7]A.Miyazaki, F.Uchiyama. An Image Watermarking Method using the Lifting Wavelet Transform[J]. International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Commun-ications,2006,12(15):155-158
[8]Rui Sun, Hong Sun, Tianren Yao. A SVD and Quantization based Semifragile Watermarking Techniqie for Image Authentication[A]. Proceedings of the 6th Internatingal Conference on Signal Processing,2002:1592-1595
[9]Zhao Jian, Zhou Mingquan, Xie Hongmei, et al. A Novel Wavelet Image Watermarking scheme Combined with Chaos Sequence and Neural Network[J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2004,3174(8):663-668
[10]Zhao Jian, Yu Bianzhang. Research and Development on Image Processing of Wavelet and Fractal Based, Dynamics of Continuous [J]. Discrete and Impulsive Systems B:Applicati-ons and Algorithms Part 3 Suppl. S, DEC 2006:987-991
[11]Zhao Jian, Zhao Qin, Zhou Mingquan, et al. A Novel Wavelet Watermark Algorithm B-ased on Neural Network Image Scramble[J].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2005,3611 (8):346-350
[12]Zhao Jian, Zhou Mingquan. Nonlinear Watermark Techniques Application In Digital L-ibrarie[J]. Journal of Electronics,2005,22(5):524-527
[13]Tirkel A Z, et al. Digital image computing Technology and Applications[M]. Macquarie University,1993:666-673
[14]Bao Paul, Ma Xiaohu. Image Adaptive Watermarking Using Wavelet Domain Singular Value Decompsition[J]. IEEE transctions on circuits and system for video technology. 2005,15(1):96-102
[15]余燕忠,王新伟.基于信噪比的自适应图像水印算法[J].计算机工程,2003,29(1)：70-84
[16]唐良瑞,祁兵,王洪婷.基于纠错编码的自适应图像水印算法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2008,120(13)：403-408
[17]COX I J, et al. A Secure Robust Watermark for Multimedia[A]. Workshop on Inform-ation Hiding, Cambridge, UK, Number 1174 in Lecture Notes in Computer Sceience. Springer Verlag.1996:185-206
[18]Xia Xiang-Gen, Boncelet C G, Arce G R. Wavelet transform based watermark for digital images[J]. Optics Express,1998,3(12):497-511
[19]黄达人,刘九芬,黄继武.小波变换域图像水印嵌入对策和算法[J].软件学报,2002,13(7)：1290-1297
[20]赵健,周明全.改进的小波域混沌数字水印算法实现[J].光子学报,2004,33(10)：1236-1238
[21]Lino Coria-Mendoza, Panos Nasiopoulos, Rabab Ward. A Robust Watermarking Scheme Based on Informed Coding and Informed Embedding[A]. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing,2005:681-684
[22]李华,朱光喜,朱耀庭.基于视觉特性和小波分解的数字水印隐藏方法[J].通信学报,2000,21(6)：37-41
[23]胡玉平,韩德志,杨四清.抗几何变换的小波域自适应图像水印算法[J].系统仿真学报,2005,17(10)：2470-2475
[24]刘瑞祯,谭铁牛.水印能量估计的一般性框架[J].计算机学报,2001,24(3)：1-5
[25]Swanson M.D, Bin Zhu, Tewfik A.H. Multiresolution Scene-based Video Watermarking using Perceptual Models[J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,1998,16(4): 540-550
[26]Podilchuk C.I., Wenjun Zeng. Image-adaptive Watermarking using Visual Models[J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,1998,16(4):525-539
[27]刘卓,王相海.一种基于提升方案小波和纹理块的图像鲁棒水印算法[J].微电子学与计算机,2006,23(6)：20-26
[28]Ganic E, Eskicioglu A M. Secure DWT-SVD Domain Image Watermarking:Embedding Data in All Frequencies[J]. ACM Multimedia and Security Workshop, Mageburg, Germany, Setember 2004:20-21
[29]Sverdov A, Dexter S, Eskicioglu A M. Robust DCT-SVD Domain Image Watermarking for Copyright Protection:Embedding Data in All Frequencies [A]. Proceedings of the 13th European Signal Processing Conference, EUSIPCO, Antalya, Turkey, Setember 2005:16-19
[30]陈永强.一种基于混沌加密的自适应图像水印方法[J].计算机工程.2007,27(10)：2453-2455
[31]Wang S H, Lin Y P. Wavelet Tree Quantization for Copyright Protection Waterma-rking[J]. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.2004,13(2):154-165
[32]M.Kutter.S, Voloshynovskiy and A.Herrigel. The Watermark Copy Attaek[A]. SPIE Seeurity and watermarking of Multimedia ContentsⅡ.2000:371-380
[33]D Boneh, J Shaw. Collusion-secure Fingerprinting for Digital Data[J]. IEEE Trans. Infom.Theory.1998,44(9):1897-1905
[34]Voyatzis G, PITAS I. The use of watermarks in the protection of digital multimedia prod-ucts[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE.1999,87(7):1197-1200
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