地球参考框架建立和维持的关键技术研究
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摘要
全球卫星导航定位技术和地球观测系统在21世纪的蓬勃发展,将会使人类对地球的认识达到前所未有的高度,这样就迫切需要以最符合地球运动规律的方式规定地球参考系统,并建立可供使用的地球参考框架。本文研究地球参考框架的建立和维持的技术,主要涉及地球参考系统、地球参考框架和基准定义的关系、建立和维持中所涉及的各种技术之内的组合以及各种技术之间的组合等关键技术问题。本文基于我国自主研制的COMPASS卫星导航定位系统,初步探讨了建立和维持我国自主的地球参考框架所需关键技术和方法。主要的贡献和研究成果如下：
(1)依据负责国际地球参考框架建立的有关组织的框架和相关规范、协议,研究了地球参考框架建立的数据处理理论,分析和比较了不同时期ITRFyy系列框架和基准定义的实际方式,并针对其特点全面介绍了ITRF组合处理的模型,在次基础上对IERS官方所采用的组合处理模型与其他模型进行了比较,尤其是对ITRF基准定义中所采用的基准约束及其处理特征做了详细的分析。
(2)对建立和维持地球参考框架的关键技术之一进行了探讨,首先就正则化方法在地球参考框架基准定义中应用的条件和方式进行了分析和探讨,提出了Tykhonov-Phillips正则化方法结合最优正则化方法来进行基准定义的思路,并进行了相应的算例分析,比较了此方法与直接采用最小约束方法之间的区别与联系,研究表明两种方法在实际使用所产生的数据处理结果差异都在3cm以内,绝大多数的差异都在2cm以内。
(3)对建立和维持地球参考框架的关键技术之二即技术之内组合(Intra-technique combination)组合的模型、流程和处理内容进行了研究,并采用各个分析中心的数据完成了GPS、VLBI、SLR技术之内的组合,给出了各自对应的速度场和部分测站的时间序列,通过比较分析表明论文中生成的速度场和时间序列与其他机构发布的结果处于同一量级。
(4)对建立和维持地球参考框架的关键技术之三即技术之间组合(Inter-techniquecombination)的模型和数据处理流程中的基准定义方式进行了初步研究,并完善了相应的数据处理软件。采用IGS、IVS和ILRS发布的技术之内的组合结果作为输入数据,对现有的局部连接(Local-tie)进行分析,选择质量较好的局部连接数据,在选择基准定义尽量与ITRF2005一致的前提下,实现了GPS、SLR、VLBI三种大地测量数据的组合,得到了初步结果,并与ITRF2005进行了比较,结果表明与ITRF2005处于同一量级,同时也表明了为本论文研究所开发的相应软件的正确性。
(5)在介绍伽利略大地测量服务原型GGSP和欧洲伽利略系统所对应的伽利略地球参考框架GTRF建立的基础上,结合我国的实际情况,分析了建立我国自主的地球参考框架的必要性和意义,探讨了我国独立自主的地球参考框架即COMPASS地球参考框架CTRF的定义、建立、维持和更新的方案,并给出了CTRF建立和维持中进行检核的流程、周期与内容。
(6)基于COMPASS地球参考框架CTRF的定义、建立、维持和检核的方案,利用GPS数据和GPS跟踪站进行了相应的仿真试验。跟踪站分布对地球参考框架影响的试验结果表明,全球均匀分布的跟踪站在22个左右时就能基本满足建立地球参考框架的需求；为了保障地球参考框架的长期稳定性和精度,全球均匀分布的跟踪站应为30个左右。技术之内组合的试验结果表明,采用技术之内组合解对地球参考框架可以提高周解稳定性和可靠性。
Global Navigation Satellite System and earth observing system will develop very fast in the 21th century, and these will help human beings to understand the earth in the unexpected high level, so it is urgent to define the Terrestrial Reference System according to the best discipline of the earth's motion and establish Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF) to provide service. The technologies in establishment and maintainance of TRF include the datum definition of TRF, intra-technique combination and inter-technique combination are researched in the dissertation. The research contents of the dissertation are based on the independent COMPASS global navigation satellite system, mainly on the key technologies of establishment and maintainance of independent COMPASS Terrestrial Reference Frame (CTRF). The main achievements and concerned items of the dissertation are as following:
1) The theoretical foundation of establishment of TRF is introduced and analyzed in this dissertation. Firstly, the datum definition of ITRF series is summarized and some comparison is made. Secondly, ITRF combination model is fully introduced and some comparison is made between IERS official agency and other agency. At last, the constraints and its treatment in datum definition of ITRF is analyzed.
2) One of the key technologies in establishment and maintainecne TRF is discussed. Fisrtly, the application of regularization method in the datum definition of TRF is analyzed and investigated. Secondly, the Tykhonov-Phillips with A-optimal design regularization method is adopted to define TRF datum, giving corresponding examples and results analysis. At last the difference and connection between this method and the adoption of minimum constraints is compared, the comparison shows the coordinate differences between these two methods are in 3cm, and most of them are in 2cm.
3) Another key technology in establishment and maintainecne TRF is researched, mainly on the intra-technique combination model and process. Using the SINEX files from different Analysis Centers (AC) to finish the intra-techique combination of GPS, VLBI and SLR, the velocity field and the time series of some stations are given, and some results are also analyzed. According to the comparision, the results and those from other research agencies are in the same level.
4) The other key technology in establishment and maintainecne TRF is researched, mainly on the inter-technique combination. The SINEX files published by IGS, IVS and ILRS separately are adopted as the input data, and the current local tie is analyzed, adding the appropriate local tie information, the combination of space geodetic data is finished, and the results are compared to the ITRF2005, the comparision shows that the results and those from ITRF2005 are in the same level.
5) The TRF datum definition, establishment and maintainance are researched, the scheme of TRF datum definition, establishment is proposed, and the implementation plan of TRF maintainance is also given.
6) On the basis of introduction of Galileo Geodetic Service Provider (GGSP) and the TRF used by Galileo system-Galileo Terrestrial Reference Frame (GTRF), considering reality of our country, the mode of definition, establishment, maintainance of COMPASS Terrestrial Reference Frame (CTRF) are proposed, and the process, period and contents of CTRF are also given in the dissertation.
7) On the basis of the scheme of CTRF definition, establishment, maintainance and validation, some simulation experiments are performed using GPS data and GPS stations. The results from the simulation on the effect of distribution on the TRF reveal that about 22 stations in global distribution will basically meet the requirements of the TRF establishment, in order to establish and maintainance of the long-term and accurate TRF, about 30 stations in global distribution are required. The results from the intra-technique combination reveal that this combination will help to improve the stability and Reliability.
(1)依据负责国际地球参考框架建立的有关组织的框架和相关规范、协议,研究了地球参考框架建立的数据处理理论,分析和比较了不同时期ITRFyy系列框架和基准定义的实际方式,并针对其特点全面介绍了ITRF组合处理的模型,在次基础上对IERS官方所采用的组合处理模型与其他模型进行了比较,尤其是对ITRF基准定义中所采用的基准约束及其处理特征做了详细的分析。
(2)对建立和维持地球参考框架的关键技术之一进行了探讨,首先就正则化方法在地球参考框架基准定义中应用的条件和方式进行了分析和探讨,提出了Tykhonov-Phillips正则化方法结合最优正则化方法来进行基准定义的思路,并进行了相应的算例分析,比较了此方法与直接采用最小约束方法之间的区别与联系,研究表明两种方法在实际使用所产生的数据处理结果差异都在3cm以内,绝大多数的差异都在2cm以内。
(3)对建立和维持地球参考框架的关键技术之二即技术之内组合(Intra-technique combination)组合的模型、流程和处理内容进行了研究,并采用各个分析中心的数据完成了GPS、VLBI、SLR技术之内的组合,给出了各自对应的速度场和部分测站的时间序列,通过比较分析表明论文中生成的速度场和时间序列与其他机构发布的结果处于同一量级。
(4)对建立和维持地球参考框架的关键技术之三即技术之间组合(Inter-techniquecombination)的模型和数据处理流程中的基准定义方式进行了初步研究,并完善了相应的数据处理软件。采用IGS、IVS和ILRS发布的技术之内的组合结果作为输入数据,对现有的局部连接(Local-tie)进行分析,选择质量较好的局部连接数据,在选择基准定义尽量与ITRF2005一致的前提下,实现了GPS、SLR、VLBI三种大地测量数据的组合,得到了初步结果,并与ITRF2005进行了比较,结果表明与ITRF2005处于同一量级,同时也表明了为本论文研究所开发的相应软件的正确性。
(5)在介绍伽利略大地测量服务原型GGSP和欧洲伽利略系统所对应的伽利略地球参考框架GTRF建立的基础上,结合我国的实际情况,分析了建立我国自主的地球参考框架的必要性和意义,探讨了我国独立自主的地球参考框架即COMPASS地球参考框架CTRF的定义、建立、维持和更新的方案,并给出了CTRF建立和维持中进行检核的流程、周期与内容。
(6)基于COMPASS地球参考框架CTRF的定义、建立、维持和检核的方案,利用GPS数据和GPS跟踪站进行了相应的仿真试验。跟踪站分布对地球参考框架影响的试验结果表明,全球均匀分布的跟踪站在22个左右时就能基本满足建立地球参考框架的需求；为了保障地球参考框架的长期稳定性和精度,全球均匀分布的跟踪站应为30个左右。技术之内组合的试验结果表明,采用技术之内组合解对地球参考框架可以提高周解稳定性和可靠性。
Global Navigation Satellite System and earth observing system will develop very fast in the 21th century, and these will help human beings to understand the earth in the unexpected high level, so it is urgent to define the Terrestrial Reference System according to the best discipline of the earth's motion and establish Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF) to provide service. The technologies in establishment and maintainance of TRF include the datum definition of TRF, intra-technique combination and inter-technique combination are researched in the dissertation. The research contents of the dissertation are based on the independent COMPASS global navigation satellite system, mainly on the key technologies of establishment and maintainance of independent COMPASS Terrestrial Reference Frame (CTRF). The main achievements and concerned items of the dissertation are as following:
1) The theoretical foundation of establishment of TRF is introduced and analyzed in this dissertation. Firstly, the datum definition of ITRF series is summarized and some comparison is made. Secondly, ITRF combination model is fully introduced and some comparison is made between IERS official agency and other agency. At last, the constraints and its treatment in datum definition of ITRF is analyzed.
2) One of the key technologies in establishment and maintainecne TRF is discussed. Fisrtly, the application of regularization method in the datum definition of TRF is analyzed and investigated. Secondly, the Tykhonov-Phillips with A-optimal design regularization method is adopted to define TRF datum, giving corresponding examples and results analysis. At last the difference and connection between this method and the adoption of minimum constraints is compared, the comparison shows the coordinate differences between these two methods are in 3cm, and most of them are in 2cm.
3) Another key technology in establishment and maintainecne TRF is researched, mainly on the intra-technique combination model and process. Using the SINEX files from different Analysis Centers (AC) to finish the intra-techique combination of GPS, VLBI and SLR, the velocity field and the time series of some stations are given, and some results are also analyzed. According to the comparision, the results and those from other research agencies are in the same level.
4) The other key technology in establishment and maintainecne TRF is researched, mainly on the inter-technique combination. The SINEX files published by IGS, IVS and ILRS separately are adopted as the input data, and the current local tie is analyzed, adding the appropriate local tie information, the combination of space geodetic data is finished, and the results are compared to the ITRF2005, the comparision shows that the results and those from ITRF2005 are in the same level.
5) The TRF datum definition, establishment and maintainance are researched, the scheme of TRF datum definition, establishment is proposed, and the implementation plan of TRF maintainance is also given.
6) On the basis of introduction of Galileo Geodetic Service Provider (GGSP) and the TRF used by Galileo system-Galileo Terrestrial Reference Frame (GTRF), considering reality of our country, the mode of definition, establishment, maintainance of COMPASS Terrestrial Reference Frame (CTRF) are proposed, and the process, period and contents of CTRF are also given in the dissertation.
7) On the basis of the scheme of CTRF definition, establishment, maintainance and validation, some simulation experiments are performed using GPS data and GPS stations. The results from the simulation on the effect of distribution on the TRF reveal that about 22 stations in global distribution will basically meet the requirements of the TRF establishment, in order to establish and maintainance of the long-term and accurate TRF, about 30 stations in global distribution are required. The results from the intra-technique combination reveal that this combination will help to improve the stability and Reliability.
引文
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