基于分组交换网络仿真TDM电路技术的研究与设计
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摘要
本课题介绍了基于分组交换网络仿真TDM电路的方法。随着通信网络向下一代网络的演进，以IP技术为核心的网络成为主流。如何保护原有的TDM设备，成为人们关注的重要方面。因此对本课题的研究与设计具有广阔的前景。
目前语音基本还是通过TDM网络来承载，这属于电路交换范畴。分组交换网络无处不在，是网络发展的必然趋势，这就导致TDM业务向IP网络过渡。不过分组网络属于分组交换范畴，二者在结合中必然面临系列问题，需要一种技术将它们有机地融合在一起。
本文从当前网络发展的背景出发，首先介绍了基于分组交换网络仿真TDM的原理，两种仿真技术的差异。然后又分析了如信令处理、延时抖动、时钟恢复、网络同步以及丢包补偿等关键问题。最后通过对网关系统的设计和调试，实际分析了包载荷与带宽之间的关系、时钟同步的关键因素、丢包的影响等几个重要方面，并建立了相应的参考模型，同时利用计算机命令行或者图形化界面两种方式实现对设备的配置与测试。
由于随着网络的发展技术上还处于不断完善的阶段，因此还需要对此进行进一步的研究，同时设备还需要一个功能完善和技术改进的过程。尽管如此，还是取得了一定的成果，完成了产品的研发，并已经在市场上开始应用。
In this paper, a method of TDM Circuit Emulation Service based on Packet Switched Network is introduced. Along with the evolution of the Communication Networks, that is transiting to the Next network. The Internet Protocol technology is turning into the core of networks. How to protect traditional TDM devices has been importance attentive aspect. So the system discussion and design has a wide application future.
Because voice is carried out through TDM network, it belongs to the category of circuit switch. Packet switching networks exist everywhere and it is the inevitable trend. It results in that TDM traffic transits to IP network. But packet network belongs to packet switch category, the combine of these two will consequentially face a series of problems. That needs a technology to combine two TDM and IP.
In this paper, by analyzing the current network development trend, first, introduced basic theory of Circuit Emulation Service over Packet Switched Network, and difference of two circuit emulation technologies. Then analyzed some problems of signaling processing, delay and jitter, clock recovery Mechanism, network timing and packet loss compensating, etc. In the end, it analyzes the relation between the packet load and bandwidth, the key element of the synchronization, the effect of the packet loss ect. It also sets up the corresponding model. By designing and testing the system, the configuring and the supervising are realized in using CLI and GUI at the same time.
Because this technology is consummating moment along with the development of network，it needs to go to study in deeply, and the device needs to a progress of function perfected and technology improved. However, some achievements have been gained, and accomplished designing and testing of the system, and beginning to be application in the market.
目前语音基本还是通过TDM网络来承载，这属于电路交换范畴。分组交换网络无处不在，是网络发展的必然趋势，这就导致TDM业务向IP网络过渡。不过分组网络属于分组交换范畴，二者在结合中必然面临系列问题，需要一种技术将它们有机地融合在一起。
本文从当前网络发展的背景出发，首先介绍了基于分组交换网络仿真TDM的原理，两种仿真技术的差异。然后又分析了如信令处理、延时抖动、时钟恢复、网络同步以及丢包补偿等关键问题。最后通过对网关系统的设计和调试，实际分析了包载荷与带宽之间的关系、时钟同步的关键因素、丢包的影响等几个重要方面，并建立了相应的参考模型，同时利用计算机命令行或者图形化界面两种方式实现对设备的配置与测试。
由于随着网络的发展技术上还处于不断完善的阶段，因此还需要对此进行进一步的研究，同时设备还需要一个功能完善和技术改进的过程。尽管如此，还是取得了一定的成果，完成了产品的研发，并已经在市场上开始应用。
In this paper, a method of TDM Circuit Emulation Service based on Packet Switched Network is introduced. Along with the evolution of the Communication Networks, that is transiting to the Next network. The Internet Protocol technology is turning into the core of networks. How to protect traditional TDM devices has been importance attentive aspect. So the system discussion and design has a wide application future.
Because voice is carried out through TDM network, it belongs to the category of circuit switch. Packet switching networks exist everywhere and it is the inevitable trend. It results in that TDM traffic transits to IP network. But packet network belongs to packet switch category, the combine of these two will consequentially face a series of problems. That needs a technology to combine two TDM and IP.
In this paper, by analyzing the current network development trend, first, introduced basic theory of Circuit Emulation Service over Packet Switched Network, and difference of two circuit emulation technologies. Then analyzed some problems of signaling processing, delay and jitter, clock recovery Mechanism, network timing and packet loss compensating, etc. In the end, it analyzes the relation between the packet load and bandwidth, the key element of the synchronization, the effect of the packet loss ect. It also sets up the corresponding model. By designing and testing the system, the configuring and the supervising are realized in using CLI and GUI at the same time.
Because this technology is consummating moment along with the development of network，it needs to go to study in deeply, and the device needs to a progress of function perfected and technology improved. However, some achievements have been gained, and accomplished designing and testing of the system, and beginning to be application in the market.
引文
1 韦乐平.纵论城域网.中国电信网,2003(3):5-9
2 周卫东,罗国民.现代传输与交换技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2003:3-20
3 Y. Stein, Circuit Extension over IP: The Evolutionary Approach to Transporting Voice and Legacy Data over IP Networks. Data communications, 2001:1-18
4 余少华,蔡鸣.光城域网的创新模式.电信科学,2003(5):8-13
5 Y. Stein, In-depth Comparison of TDMoIP and CESoPSN. Data communications, 2003,(3):1-12
6 谢希仁.计算机网络.北京:电子工业出版社,2003:15-29
7 A. Viswanathan et al. Evolution of MPLS. IEEE Communications, 1998,(36): 139-147
8 陶智勇,包立明,王进.弹性分组环.北京:北京邮电出版社,2003:24-28 116-141
9 http://www.tdmoip.com/tdmoip101.html
10 王承恕.通信网基础.北京:人民邮电出版社,1999:1-26
11 B. Stroehlein. TXC PacketTrunk-4 Data Sheet Draft, 2003:219-251
12 XiPeng Xiao et al, Requirements for Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge. Draft ietf pwe3 requirements 09.txt, 2003:4-19
13 A. Vainshtein,Y. Stein, Structure-Agnostic TDM over Packet. Draft ietf pwe3 satop 01txt, 2003:1-14
14 Y. Stein. TDMoIP. Draft ietf pwe3 tdmoip 00.txt, 2004:2-14
15 Korzeniowski, Paul. T1 continues to Grow in Private Network. Business Communi cations Review, 1996,(2):65-78
16 S. Bryant, P. Pate, et al. PWE3 Architecture. Draft ietf pwe3 arch 06.txt, 2003:5-41
17 龚双瑾,刘多.下一代电信网的关键技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2003:14-99
18 M. Riegel et al, Requirements for Edge-to-Edge Emulation of TDM Circuits over Packet Switching Networks. Draft ietf pwe3 tdm requirements 07.txt, 2004:4-25
19 A. Vainshtein, Structure-aware TDM Circuit Emulation Service over Packet Switched Network (CESoPSN). Draft vainshtein cesopsn 06.txt, 2004:2-26
20 石晶林,丁炜.MPLS宽带网络互联技术.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001:129-167
21 赵惠玲,吴江.分组语音技术与网络实现方案.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001:96-98 201-219
22 L. Martini, M. Townsley, IANA Allocations for pseudo Wire Edge to Edge Emulation （PWE3）. Draft ietf pwe3 iana allocation 02.txt, 2003:2-5
23 Minoli, Dan. ATM-Based Vioce: An overview. Datapro Information Services, 1999,(3):55-61
24 A. Malis, M. Townsley. PWE3 Fragmentation and Reassembly. Draft ietf pwe3 fragmentation 04.txt, 2004:2-9
25 D. Awduche et al. Extenssion to Rsvp for Traffic Engineering. IETE Internet Workgroup, 1999:45-78
26 Y. Stein, The PWE3 Control Word. Draft ietf pwe3 control word 00.txt, 2002:2-12
27 舒华英,赖平漳.IP电话原理及技术应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2000:198-236
28 Y. Stein, I Druker, The Effect of Packet Loss on Voice Quality for TDM over Pseudowires. Draft stein pwe3 tdm packetloss 01.txt, 2003:3-14
29 The ATM Forum Technical Committee, Circuit Emulation Service Interoperability Specification version 2.0 af-vtoa-0078.000, 1997:23-45
30 温斌,李亦农.VoIP:IP语音技术.北京:机械工业出版社2000.5:20-31 70-86
31 Y. Eitan. TDMoIP vs. VoIP Matching Technology to Requirements. RAD data Communications, 2003,(2):2-29
32 Y. Ohba. Issues on Loop Prevention in MPLS Networks. IEEE Communications, 1999,(37):48-63
33 B. Stroehlein. TXC PacketTrunk-4 Data Sheet Draft. RAD Data Communications, 2003,(3):50-53
34 M. Steiven. Circuit Emulation Service Interoperability Specification version 2.0. Af-vtoa-0078.000, 1997,(2):87-95
35 张厥盛,万心平.锁相技术,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1998:180-207
36 R. Guerin, A. Orda.QoS Routing Mechanisms and OSPF Extensions. GLOBECOM, 1997,(3):36-39
37 G. Swallow. MPLS Advantages for Traffic Engineering. IEEE Communications, 1999,(37):23-37
38 Parente, R. Viotor. Packet Over: Ringing Up Speed. Data communications, 1998,(5):102-105
39 E. Schwartz. Determining the Suitability of a Packet Network for TDMoIP Traffic and Ensuring Quality of Service (QoS). RAD Data Communications, 2003,(2):2-7
40 http://www.zarlink.com/html/sp/test2.html
41 Conover, Joel. Building a Better In frastructure. Network Computing, 1998,(3):82-86
42 Mocall, William. High-speed Internet Access Growing Nationally. Skagit Valley herald, 2002,(5):13-19
43 姚天任, 孙洪.现代数字信号处理.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,1999:151-165
44 Wilder, Clinton. The Net on the Edge. Information Week, 1996,(5):23-27
45 Green, David. 802.1q VLANs for Buffer Bandwidth. Network World, 2001,(4):89-94
46 Minoli, Daniel. Enterprise Networking: Fractional T1 to SONET. Frame Relay to BISDN Artech House, 1993,(1):41-45
47 Weinbaum, Barry. The Benefits of IEEE802.11 for Wireless Local Area Networks. Wireless and Mobility, 1998,(6):33-39
48 Mandeville, Robert and Newman, David. VLANs:Real Virtues. Data communi cations, 1997,(3):24-27
49 Anderson, Fred.802.11a Speeds Wireless LANs. Network World, 2001,(5):18-24
50 Henderson, Tom. Gigabit Ethernet Blueprint. Network magazine, 1998,(7):47-51
51 胡汉才.单片机原理及其接口技术.北京:清华大学出版社,1996:371-378
52 Newman, David. Ethernet Brows Up-And Out. Network World, 2001,(4):31-35
53 Kingsicy, M. Scott and Amoss, John J. Synchronous Optical Network(SONET): overview. Network World, 1998,(2):19-25
54 Langley, John. Moving Wireless LANs into Fast Lane. Network World, 1999,(1):31-36
2 周卫东,罗国民.现代传输与交换技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2003:3-20
3 Y. Stein, Circuit Extension over IP: The Evolutionary Approach to Transporting Voice and Legacy Data over IP Networks. Data communications, 2001:1-18
4 余少华,蔡鸣.光城域网的创新模式.电信科学,2003(5):8-13
5 Y. Stein, In-depth Comparison of TDMoIP and CESoPSN. Data communications, 2003,(3):1-12
6 谢希仁.计算机网络.北京:电子工业出版社,2003:15-29
7 A. Viswanathan et al. Evolution of MPLS. IEEE Communications, 1998,(36): 139-147
8 陶智勇,包立明,王进.弹性分组环.北京:北京邮电出版社,2003:24-28 116-141
9 http://www.tdmoip.com/tdmoip101.html
10 王承恕.通信网基础.北京:人民邮电出版社,1999:1-26
11 B. Stroehlein. TXC PacketTrunk-4 Data Sheet Draft, 2003:219-251
12 XiPeng Xiao et al, Requirements for Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge. Draft ietf pwe3 requirements 09.txt, 2003:4-19
13 A. Vainshtein,Y. Stein, Structure-Agnostic TDM over Packet. Draft ietf pwe3 satop 01txt, 2003:1-14
14 Y. Stein. TDMoIP. Draft ietf pwe3 tdmoip 00.txt, 2004:2-14
15 Korzeniowski, Paul. T1 continues to Grow in Private Network. Business Communi cations Review, 1996,(2):65-78
16 S. Bryant, P. Pate, et al. PWE3 Architecture. Draft ietf pwe3 arch 06.txt, 2003:5-41
17 龚双瑾,刘多.下一代电信网的关键技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2003:14-99
18 M. Riegel et al, Requirements for Edge-to-Edge Emulation of TDM Circuits over Packet Switching Networks. Draft ietf pwe3 tdm requirements 07.txt, 2004:4-25
19 A. Vainshtein, Structure-aware TDM Circuit Emulation Service over Packet Switched Network (CESoPSN). Draft vainshtein cesopsn 06.txt, 2004:2-26
20 石晶林,丁炜.MPLS宽带网络互联技术.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001:129-167
21 赵惠玲,吴江.分组语音技术与网络实现方案.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001:96-98 201-219
22 L. Martini, M. Townsley, IANA Allocations for pseudo Wire Edge to Edge Emulation （PWE3）. Draft ietf pwe3 iana allocation 02.txt, 2003:2-5
23 Minoli, Dan. ATM-Based Vioce: An overview. Datapro Information Services, 1999,(3):55-61
24 A. Malis, M. Townsley. PWE3 Fragmentation and Reassembly. Draft ietf pwe3 fragmentation 04.txt, 2004:2-9
25 D. Awduche et al. Extenssion to Rsvp for Traffic Engineering. IETE Internet Workgroup, 1999:45-78
26 Y. Stein, The PWE3 Control Word. Draft ietf pwe3 control word 00.txt, 2002:2-12
27 舒华英,赖平漳.IP电话原理及技术应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2000:198-236
28 Y. Stein, I Druker, The Effect of Packet Loss on Voice Quality for TDM over Pseudowires. Draft stein pwe3 tdm packetloss 01.txt, 2003:3-14
29 The ATM Forum Technical Committee, Circuit Emulation Service Interoperability Specification version 2.0 af-vtoa-0078.000, 1997:23-45
30 温斌,李亦农.VoIP:IP语音技术.北京:机械工业出版社2000.5:20-31 70-86
31 Y. Eitan. TDMoIP vs. VoIP Matching Technology to Requirements. RAD data Communications, 2003,(2):2-29
32 Y. Ohba. Issues on Loop Prevention in MPLS Networks. IEEE Communications, 1999,(37):48-63
33 B. Stroehlein. TXC PacketTrunk-4 Data Sheet Draft. RAD Data Communications, 2003,(3):50-53
34 M. Steiven. Circuit Emulation Service Interoperability Specification version 2.0. Af-vtoa-0078.000, 1997,(2):87-95
35 张厥盛,万心平.锁相技术,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1998:180-207
36 R. Guerin, A. Orda.QoS Routing Mechanisms and OSPF Extensions. GLOBECOM, 1997,(3):36-39
37 G. Swallow. MPLS Advantages for Traffic Engineering. IEEE Communications, 1999,(37):23-37
38 Parente, R. Viotor. Packet Over: Ringing Up Speed. Data communications, 1998,(5):102-105
39 E. Schwartz. Determining the Suitability of a Packet Network for TDMoIP Traffic and Ensuring Quality of Service (QoS). RAD Data Communications, 2003,(2):2-7
40 http://www.zarlink.com/html/sp/test2.html
41 Conover, Joel. Building a Better In frastructure. Network Computing, 1998,(3):82-86
42 Mocall, William. High-speed Internet Access Growing Nationally. Skagit Valley herald, 2002,(5):13-19
43 姚天任, 孙洪.现代数字信号处理.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,1999:151-165
44 Wilder, Clinton. The Net on the Edge. Information Week, 1996,(5):23-27
45 Green, David. 802.1q VLANs for Buffer Bandwidth. Network World, 2001,(4):89-94
46 Minoli, Daniel. Enterprise Networking: Fractional T1 to SONET. Frame Relay to BISDN Artech House, 1993,(1):41-45
47 Weinbaum, Barry. The Benefits of IEEE802.11 for Wireless Local Area Networks. Wireless and Mobility, 1998,(6):33-39
48 Mandeville, Robert and Newman, David. VLANs:Real Virtues. Data communi cations, 1997,(3):24-27
49 Anderson, Fred.802.11a Speeds Wireless LANs. Network World, 2001,(5):18-24
50 Henderson, Tom. Gigabit Ethernet Blueprint. Network magazine, 1998,(7):47-51
51 胡汉才.单片机原理及其接口技术.北京:清华大学出版社,1996:371-378
52 Newman, David. Ethernet Brows Up-And Out. Network World, 2001,(4):31-35
53 Kingsicy, M. Scott and Amoss, John J. Synchronous Optical Network(SONET): overview. Network World, 1998,(2):19-25
54 Langley, John. Moving Wireless LANs into Fast Lane. Network World, 1999,(1):31-36