基于临床实践的护士执业资格考试内容体系的构建
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摘要
护士执业资格考试是评价申请护士执业资格者是否具备执业所必须的专业知识、技术和能力的考试。《护士条例》第二章第七条中明确规定,护士执业,应当经执业注册取得护士执业证书。而申请护士执业注册,应当具备的条件之一是通过国务院卫生主管部门组织的护士执业资格考试。护士执业资格考试作为护理行业的准入考试,对保证护理服务质量有着举足轻重的作用。
本研究分析了我国护士执业资格考试制度的建立及其发展过程,并对中外护士资格考试制度进行文献研究和比较分析,发现我国护士执业考试中存在的问题,在此基础上对完善我国护士执业考试制度提出建议：①完善考试的组织管理系统和相关制度规定；②改革考试内容体系；③实现计算机化考试形式；④探索操作技能考查办法。
本研究重点是改革和重构我国护士执业资格考试内容体系。在对现行我国护士执业资格考试内容体系的分析基础上,借鉴美国注册护士考试内容体系的优点,结合我国护理实践的现实情况,研究确定构建基于执业护士的实践能力的,以工作任务和护理情境两个维度贯穿护士执业资格考试全部内容的草案,并对8所医院786名护士和5所医院89名护士长、总护士长进行了该草案的调查咨询,最终确定了任务-情境双维度的我国护士执业资格考试内容体系。其中,任务维度涵盖了药物治疗、满足病人基本需求、保证病人安全、护理评估、健康教育、沟通交流六个护理工作任务模块,107项工作任务。情境维度包括呼吸系统与肺部疾病、循环系统疾病、消化系统疾病等十七个系统模块,230个病种,并确定了各模块、各单项在整个考试内容方案中的权重,以提供试卷编制者参照出卷。
本文共分为五个部分。
第一部分国内外护士执业资格考试的发展与现状。首先通过文献回顾总结了国内外护士执业资格考试的发展情况和研究现状,其次重点进行了中美两国注册护士考试及其研究的比较分析,从而对完善我国护士执业资格考试提出建议。
第二部分基于临床实践的护士执业资格考试内容体系的构建。在对我国现有的考试内容体系以及临床护理实践构成的分析的基础上,形成了任务.情境双维度的护士执业资格考试内容体系的构建思路。
第三部分基于临床实践的护士执业资格考试内容方案的调查论证。进行了综合性医院准入级别注册护士临床工作任务和临床护理情境的调查,从而确定了任务。情境双维度护士执业资格考试内容体系的构成条目及其权重分配。
第四部分基于临床实践的护士执业资格考试内容方案的形成。通过文献回顾、比较分析、调查研究形成了基于临床实践的、任务-环境双维度的护士执业资格考试内容体系,完成了考试内容方案的构建。同时对考试内容方案的应用方法提出建议。
第五部分结语。对全文进行了总结,指出了研究的创新点和局限性。
The National Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses, which is stipulated in the form of national law and controls the practitioner license entry, aims at evaluating whether the nurse has the pertinent qualifications of professional knowledge and skills.The Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses is of great importance for the quality of recruiting nursing faculty, and the overall quality of team of nurses. Whether the content of examinations is scientific, objective, fair and reasonable will influence nursing qulity.
This paper outlined the Chinese Licensure Examination for Nurses, including its establishment, development and implementation. Comparison with related literature was made of the licensure examinations systens in China and the United States, which suggested that the Chinese examination should be improved as follows:①improve the examination system of organization and management and related provisions;②optimize its standards, framework and content;③computerize the exam;④approach to practical skills examination.
Research focuses on the content of the examinations system. Learning from the National Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses, combined with China's actual situation, based on the analysis of the content system of the present examination and the composition of clinical nursing practice, we build the new Licensure Examination content system characteristic of task-situation dual dimensions, which examines whether the applicants have the knowledge, skills and capabilities to be qualified registered nurses.
Therefore, we conduct a practice analysis that collects data on the current practice of the entry-level nurse and a nursing situation analysis that collects data given by head nurses.Then form the items of the contents system. Among them, the task dimension covers activities of basic care and comfort, pharmacological therapies, safety and infection control, heath education and communication, which contains a total of 107 items of activities; Situational dimensions comeposed of 230 items of diseases including respiratory and pulmonary diseases, circulatory diseases, digestive diseases, etc.
The research is categorized into five parts.
Part One:Analysis of the National Licensure Examinations for Registered Nurses'development and condition in China and abroad
First, we review and summarize the National Licensure Examinations for Registered Nurses'development and condition based on the reviews of the pertinent literatures. Then we compare the licensure examinations for registered nurses in China and the United States, to arrive at the Chinese Licensure Examination for Nurses' disadvantages.
Part Two:Construction of the Chinese Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses'content system base on nursing practice
Based on the analysis of the content system of the present examinations and the composition of clinical nursing practice, we are to build the new Licensure Examination content system characteristic of task-situation dual dimensions.
Part Three:Research for building the content system of the National Licensure Examinations for Registered Nurses'
This step is to conduct a practice analysis that collects data on the current practice of the entry-level nurse and a nursing situation analysis which collects data given by head nurses.Then form the items of the contents system.
Part four:Framework of the content system of the Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses' based on clinical nursing practice
Through the literature review, comparative analysis,and survey we build the task-situation content system of the Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses'based on clinical nursing practice. Meanwhile, types of test items, the way to test work tasks and practice situations are recommended.
Part Five：Conclusions
This part of the article makes a brief summary for the whole research and indicates the innovation and limitation in the research.
本研究分析了我国护士执业资格考试制度的建立及其发展过程,并对中外护士资格考试制度进行文献研究和比较分析,发现我国护士执业考试中存在的问题,在此基础上对完善我国护士执业考试制度提出建议：①完善考试的组织管理系统和相关制度规定；②改革考试内容体系；③实现计算机化考试形式；④探索操作技能考查办法。
本研究重点是改革和重构我国护士执业资格考试内容体系。在对现行我国护士执业资格考试内容体系的分析基础上,借鉴美国注册护士考试内容体系的优点,结合我国护理实践的现实情况,研究确定构建基于执业护士的实践能力的,以工作任务和护理情境两个维度贯穿护士执业资格考试全部内容的草案,并对8所医院786名护士和5所医院89名护士长、总护士长进行了该草案的调查咨询,最终确定了任务-情境双维度的我国护士执业资格考试内容体系。其中,任务维度涵盖了药物治疗、满足病人基本需求、保证病人安全、护理评估、健康教育、沟通交流六个护理工作任务模块,107项工作任务。情境维度包括呼吸系统与肺部疾病、循环系统疾病、消化系统疾病等十七个系统模块,230个病种,并确定了各模块、各单项在整个考试内容方案中的权重,以提供试卷编制者参照出卷。
本文共分为五个部分。
第一部分国内外护士执业资格考试的发展与现状。首先通过文献回顾总结了国内外护士执业资格考试的发展情况和研究现状,其次重点进行了中美两国注册护士考试及其研究的比较分析,从而对完善我国护士执业资格考试提出建议。
第二部分基于临床实践的护士执业资格考试内容体系的构建。在对我国现有的考试内容体系以及临床护理实践构成的分析的基础上,形成了任务.情境双维度的护士执业资格考试内容体系的构建思路。
第三部分基于临床实践的护士执业资格考试内容方案的调查论证。进行了综合性医院准入级别注册护士临床工作任务和临床护理情境的调查,从而确定了任务。情境双维度护士执业资格考试内容体系的构成条目及其权重分配。
第四部分基于临床实践的护士执业资格考试内容方案的形成。通过文献回顾、比较分析、调查研究形成了基于临床实践的、任务-环境双维度的护士执业资格考试内容体系,完成了考试内容方案的构建。同时对考试内容方案的应用方法提出建议。
第五部分结语。对全文进行了总结,指出了研究的创新点和局限性。
The National Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses, which is stipulated in the form of national law and controls the practitioner license entry, aims at evaluating whether the nurse has the pertinent qualifications of professional knowledge and skills.The Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses is of great importance for the quality of recruiting nursing faculty, and the overall quality of team of nurses. Whether the content of examinations is scientific, objective, fair and reasonable will influence nursing qulity.
This paper outlined the Chinese Licensure Examination for Nurses, including its establishment, development and implementation. Comparison with related literature was made of the licensure examinations systens in China and the United States, which suggested that the Chinese examination should be improved as follows:①improve the examination system of organization and management and related provisions;②optimize its standards, framework and content;③computerize the exam;④approach to practical skills examination.
Research focuses on the content of the examinations system. Learning from the National Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses, combined with China's actual situation, based on the analysis of the content system of the present examination and the composition of clinical nursing practice, we build the new Licensure Examination content system characteristic of task-situation dual dimensions, which examines whether the applicants have the knowledge, skills and capabilities to be qualified registered nurses.
Therefore, we conduct a practice analysis that collects data on the current practice of the entry-level nurse and a nursing situation analysis that collects data given by head nurses.Then form the items of the contents system. Among them, the task dimension covers activities of basic care and comfort, pharmacological therapies, safety and infection control, heath education and communication, which contains a total of 107 items of activities; Situational dimensions comeposed of 230 items of diseases including respiratory and pulmonary diseases, circulatory diseases, digestive diseases, etc.
The research is categorized into five parts.
Part One:Analysis of the National Licensure Examinations for Registered Nurses'development and condition in China and abroad
First, we review and summarize the National Licensure Examinations for Registered Nurses'development and condition based on the reviews of the pertinent literatures. Then we compare the licensure examinations for registered nurses in China and the United States, to arrive at the Chinese Licensure Examination for Nurses' disadvantages.
Part Two:Construction of the Chinese Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses'content system base on nursing practice
Based on the analysis of the content system of the present examinations and the composition of clinical nursing practice, we are to build the new Licensure Examination content system characteristic of task-situation dual dimensions.
Part Three:Research for building the content system of the National Licensure Examinations for Registered Nurses'
This step is to conduct a practice analysis that collects data on the current practice of the entry-level nurse and a nursing situation analysis which collects data given by head nurses.Then form the items of the contents system.
Part four:Framework of the content system of the Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses' based on clinical nursing practice
Through the literature review, comparative analysis,and survey we build the task-situation content system of the Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses'based on clinical nursing practice. Meanwhile, types of test items, the way to test work tasks and practice situations are recommended.
Part Five：Conclusions
This part of the article makes a brief summary for the whole research and indicates the innovation and limitation in the research.
引文
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