风电系统多参数动分岔分析及其控制
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摘要
风能是替代传统不可再生能源的重要资源，近年来风力发电的发展非常迅速，但是随着风力发电并网规模和容量的不断扩大，整个电网的稳定性将受到越来越大的影响，尤其是电压稳定性方面。为了深入揭示风电系统电压稳定机理,并采取有效的控制手段来保证整个电网的电压稳定性，本文在双馈异步风力发电机和walve综合负荷模型的基础上，应用分岔理论对风电系统电压稳定性和分岔现象进行分析，并对其进行控制。本文的主要研究内容及结论如下：
1.基于风电系统动态模型以风电场注入系统的有功功率、系统的无功负荷和静态无功补偿器（SVC）参数作为分岔参数，应用分岔理论对风电系统的电压稳定性及分岔现象进行分析研究。仿真分析结果表明：随着风电场注入系统有功功率的增加，系统电压在一定程度上会降低，且会使系统发生动分岔现象，引起风电系统电压发生持续振荡或者失稳现象；随着风电系统无功负荷的增大，系统在达到临界点之前已经发生了霍普夫（Hopf）分岔，系统运行的临界点前移，减小了系统运行的稳定域和带载荷能力；增大SVC参考电压和放大倍数，都可以延迟甚至完全消除系统Hopf分岔的发生，但是较参考电压来说，放大倍数的影响比较有限。
2.设计了用于常规电力系统及风电系统的高通滤波（washout filter）动分岔控制器，并基于风电系统多参数分岔研究结果对系统中存在的分岔现象进行控制。仿真分析结果表明：通过对风电场的注入功率和系统无功负荷分别施加控制，虽然系统的载荷能力有小幅度的下降，但是在很大程度上提高了系统运行的稳定域和电压质量。
The wind energy is the important resource that can take the place of the traditionalnonrenewable energy. In recent years, the wind power developed very fast, but along with theexpansion of the scale and capacity of the wind power that integrated into the conventionalpower system, the stability of the entire power system will be under more and moretremendous influence, especially the voltage stability. In order to reveal the principle of thewind power system voltage stability deeply so as to control it, this paper applied thebifurcation theory to analyze the wind power system voltage stability and bifurcationphenomenon based on the model of double-fed wind turbine and walve composite load model,and then used some certain method to control it. The paper’s main research and conclusionsare as follows:
1．The wind power system voltage stability and bifurcation phenomenon were studied bythe bifurcation theory based on the wind power system’s dynamic model and bifurcationparameters including active power of wind farm injection system, system’s reactive powerload and the SVC’s parameter.The simulation analysis indicated that: With the increasing ofthe active power that injected to power grid from the wind farm, the system’s voltage willreduce in a certain extend, and will cause dynamic bifurcation phenomenon, which can leadthe wind power system’s voltage to sustained oscillation or instability phenomenon; With theincreasing of the system’s reactive power load, the system had already had the Hopfbifurcation point before achieving limit point, the system’s critical operation point movedahead. Therefore, it will reduce the system’s stability domain and weakened the system’s loadcapacity; Increasing the SVC’s reference voltage and the amplification factor can both delayor even completely eliminate the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation, but compared with the SVCreference voltage, the amplification factor’s effect on the wind power system was quitelimited.
2．The washout filter dynamic bifurcation controller was designed to control thebifurcation phenomenon that existed in the system based on the wind power systemmultiparameter bifurcation research results.The simulation analysis indicated that: Byexerting control to the wind farm’s injected power and the system’s reactive load respectively,the system’s load capacity has small drop, but it greatly improved the system’s operationstability domain and voltage quality.
1.基于风电系统动态模型以风电场注入系统的有功功率、系统的无功负荷和静态无功补偿器（SVC）参数作为分岔参数，应用分岔理论对风电系统的电压稳定性及分岔现象进行分析研究。仿真分析结果表明：随着风电场注入系统有功功率的增加，系统电压在一定程度上会降低，且会使系统发生动分岔现象，引起风电系统电压发生持续振荡或者失稳现象；随着风电系统无功负荷的增大，系统在达到临界点之前已经发生了霍普夫（Hopf）分岔，系统运行的临界点前移，减小了系统运行的稳定域和带载荷能力；增大SVC参考电压和放大倍数，都可以延迟甚至完全消除系统Hopf分岔的发生，但是较参考电压来说，放大倍数的影响比较有限。
2.设计了用于常规电力系统及风电系统的高通滤波（washout filter）动分岔控制器，并基于风电系统多参数分岔研究结果对系统中存在的分岔现象进行控制。仿真分析结果表明：通过对风电场的注入功率和系统无功负荷分别施加控制，虽然系统的载荷能力有小幅度的下降，但是在很大程度上提高了系统运行的稳定域和电压质量。
The wind energy is the important resource that can take the place of the traditionalnonrenewable energy. In recent years, the wind power developed very fast, but along with theexpansion of the scale and capacity of the wind power that integrated into the conventionalpower system, the stability of the entire power system will be under more and moretremendous influence, especially the voltage stability. In order to reveal the principle of thewind power system voltage stability deeply so as to control it, this paper applied thebifurcation theory to analyze the wind power system voltage stability and bifurcationphenomenon based on the model of double-fed wind turbine and walve composite load model,and then used some certain method to control it. The paper’s main research and conclusionsare as follows:
1．The wind power system voltage stability and bifurcation phenomenon were studied bythe bifurcation theory based on the wind power system’s dynamic model and bifurcationparameters including active power of wind farm injection system, system’s reactive powerload and the SVC’s parameter.The simulation analysis indicated that: With the increasing ofthe active power that injected to power grid from the wind farm, the system’s voltage willreduce in a certain extend, and will cause dynamic bifurcation phenomenon, which can leadthe wind power system’s voltage to sustained oscillation or instability phenomenon; With theincreasing of the system’s reactive power load, the system had already had the Hopfbifurcation point before achieving limit point, the system’s critical operation point movedahead. Therefore, it will reduce the system’s stability domain and weakened the system’s loadcapacity; Increasing the SVC’s reference voltage and the amplification factor can both delayor even completely eliminate the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation, but compared with the SVCreference voltage, the amplification factor’s effect on the wind power system was quitelimited.
2．The washout filter dynamic bifurcation controller was designed to control thebifurcation phenomenon that existed in the system based on the wind power systemmultiparameter bifurcation research results.The simulation analysis indicated that: Byexerting control to the wind farm’s injected power and the system’s reactive load respectively,the system’s load capacity has small drop, but it greatly improved the system’s operationstability domain and voltage quality.
引文
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[3]李晓燕，余志.海上风力发电进展[J]．太阳能学报，2004, 25(1)：78-84.
[4]欧洲风能协会，国际绿色和平(中国资源综合利用协会可再生能源专业委员会,绿色和平中国编译)．风力12：关于2020年风电达到世界电力总量12%的蓝图[R].北京：中国环境科学出版社，2004.
[5]张丽英，叶廷路，辛耀中，等.大规模风电接入电网的相关问题及措施[J].中国电机工程学报，2010,30（25）：1-9.
[6]迟永宁，刘燕华，王伟胜，等.风电接入对电力系统的影响[J].电网技术，2007，31（3）：77-81.
[7]吴俊玲.大型风电场并网运行的若干技术问题研究[D].北京:清华大学电机系，2004.
[8]潘文霞.大型风电场电压稳定性分析与控制研究[D].南京:河海大学水利水电工程学院,2004.
[9]程伟,孔繁华,刘国富.通榆风力发电场送出补偿工程[J].吉林电力，2001,157(6)：25-27.
[10]余贻鑫，王成山.电力系统稳定性理论与方法[M].北京：科学出版社，1999.
[11]周双喜，朱凌志，郭锡久，等.电力系统电压稳定性及其控制[M].北京：中国电力出版社，2004.
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[13]安宁.电压稳定的时域仿真研究[D].北京：清华大学，2006.
[14]P. Kundur. Power System Stability and Control [M]. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc., 1994.
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