瓷粒和陶粒填料曝气生物滤池运行特性的研究
|
摘要
本试验采用了两种不同的填料——陶粒和瓷粒,以生活污水为处理对象,对曝气生物滤池BAF(Biological Aerated Filter)进行了试验,对两种填料的曝气生物滤池的启动挂膜及运行特性进行研究,主要研究结果如下:
(1)瓷粒BAF和陶粒BAF所需的启动挂膜时间差异较大,由于闷曝7d,因此,瓷粒BAF启动所需的时间为37d,陶粒BAF启动所需的时间为17d。
(2)在进水水温为18～28℃,气水比为3:1的条件下,控制进水CODcr浓度为300mg/L,缩短HRT将降低瓷粒曝气生物滤池反应器的处理效能,对陶粒影响不大。缩短HRT与污染物的去除并不呈简单的线性关系。瓷粒和陶粒填料曝气生物滤池的最佳水力停留时间均为10h。
(3)在进水水温为27～33℃,HRT为12h,气水比为3:1的条件下,改变进水CODcr浓度为400mg/L、300mg/L、200mg/L、100mg/L,随着进水有机物浓度的逐渐降低,CODcr的去除率有所降低,并未对氨氮的去除造成影响,具有良好的氨氮去除能力。
(4)在进水水温为12～22℃,HRT为5h的条件下,控制进水CODcr浓度为300mg/L,气水比由3:1升高为5:1后降低为1:1,当气水比为5:1时,瓷粒和陶粒对CODcr和氨氮的去除效能最佳。气水比增加会导致SS去除率的下降,当气水比为1:1时,瓷粒和陶粒反应器对SS和总氮的去除效能最佳,此条件下陶粒曝气生物滤池对CODcr、氨氮也能达到较好的去除。总体看来,陶粒对污染物的去除效能要略高于瓷粒。
(5)在气水比3:1,水力停留时间为5h,进水有机浓度为300mg/L的条件下降解CODcr的最佳填料层高度在20～80cm处,硝化氨氮的最佳填料层高度在40～100cm处,对于SS的去除,主要集中在填料层高度20cm处,随着填料层的增加去除效果有所增加但趋势缓慢。
(6)曝气生物滤池具有良好的硝化特性,两种填料对氨氮的去除效率均较高。曝气生物滤池反应器内并没有发生亚硝酸盐积累现象。在总氮的去除方面,运行条件的改变对总氮的去除影响不大,总氮去除效能不佳,由于未控制反硝化条件,若存在反硝化,则认为反应器内存在同步硝化反硝化,同步硝化反硝化脱氮的效果不是很好。关于曝气生物滤池的脱氮性能及影响因素尚需进一步研究。
(7)在HRT 5h,气水比5:1,水温16～19℃,CODcr浓度为280.59～319.22mg/L,氨氮浓度为21.99～29.22mg/L,SS浓度86～121mg/L的条件下,对比了两种填料的除污效能,两种填料对污染物都有较好的去除效果,其中陶粒对于氨氮的去除效能最佳,均达到95%以上,对CODcr和SS的去除率也达到80%以上。瓷粒作为填料对污染物也有较高的去除效能,但总体处理效能较之陶粒略差。
In this experiment, two different carrier media, porcelain and ceramsite, were used to treat domestic wastewater in Biological Aerated Filter (BAF). Comparing the start-up and the operating characteristic with the two different carrier media, The main results were conducted as below:
(1)The time needed for the start-up and biofilm formation of the two BAFs were different, because of stuffy aeration, for BAF with porcelain carrier, 37 days were needed. but for BAF with ceramsite carrier, 17 days were needed.
(2)When the influent water temperature was 18～28℃, the gas to liquid ratio was 3:1, the influent CODcr concentration was 300mg/L,Cutting down HRT,the removal efficiency of porcelain BAF could be reduced. but there was no influence on ceramsite BAF. But the relation was not a linear relationship between hydraulic retention time and removal efficiency. For the porcelain BAF and ceramsite BAF,the best HRT was 10h.
(3) When the influent water temperature was 27～33℃, HRT was 12h, the gas to liquid ratio was 3:1, Changing the influent CODcr was 400mg/L、300mg/L、200mg/L、100mg/L,With the influent organic loading decreased, the removal efficency of CODcr was reduced gradually. There was no influence on the removal efficiency of NH4+-N, The removal efficiency of NH4+-N was well.
(4)When the influent water temperature was 12～22℃, HRT was 5h, the influent CODcr concentration was 300mg/L , the gas to liquid ratio rosed to 5:1 from 3:1, then decreased to 1:1. When the gas to liquid ratio was 5:1, the removal efficiency of CODcr and NH4+-N were the best in the porcelain BAF and ceramsite BAF. When the gas to water was 1:1, the removal efficiency of SS and TN were the best, on this condition, as well as the removal efficiency of CODcr and NH4+-N were better in the ceramsite BAF. Generally speaking, The ceramsite as carrier media, the removal efficiency of contamination was higher than porcelain BAF.
(5)When the gas to liquid ratio was 3:1, HRT was 5h, the influent CODcr concentration was 300mg/L ,The best removal efficiency of CODcr occurred when the bed material height was 20cm～80cm. The best removal efficiency of NH4+-N occurred when the bed material height was 40cm～100cm.The best removal efficiency of SS occurred when the bed material height was 20cm. The SS removal efficiency rises slowly with the further increase of bed material height.
(6)BAF had good function of nitrification. The NH4+-N removal efficiency with porcelain or ceramsite as carrier media was both well. There was no nitrite accumulation in BAF. Changing operating condition, the removal efficiency of TN was no marked by clear change and was misadventure. Because of not controlling for the factors of denitrification,if existing denitrification,then considering there was Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification in BAF. but the removal efficiency of TN was worse by means of Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification reaction. So the nitrification and denitrification and influencing factors in BAF need to be further studied.
(7)When the CODcr concentration in influent was 280.59~319.22mg/L, the NH4+-N concentration in influent was 21.99~29.22mg/L, the SS concentration in influent was 86~121mg/L, the water temperature is 16~19℃, the ratio of gas to liquid ratio was 5:1 and HRT was 5h.Compared the contaminant removal performance of two carrier medias, the removal efficencies all were good. The NH4+-N removal efficiency was the best and was up to 95%, the removal efficiency of CODcr and SS all were up to 80%. Used porcelain as carrier media could also get higher removal efficiency, but as a whole the removal efficiency of porcelain exhibited a little decrease.
(1)瓷粒BAF和陶粒BAF所需的启动挂膜时间差异较大,由于闷曝7d,因此,瓷粒BAF启动所需的时间为37d,陶粒BAF启动所需的时间为17d。
(2)在进水水温为18～28℃,气水比为3:1的条件下,控制进水CODcr浓度为300mg/L,缩短HRT将降低瓷粒曝气生物滤池反应器的处理效能,对陶粒影响不大。缩短HRT与污染物的去除并不呈简单的线性关系。瓷粒和陶粒填料曝气生物滤池的最佳水力停留时间均为10h。
(3)在进水水温为27～33℃,HRT为12h,气水比为3:1的条件下,改变进水CODcr浓度为400mg/L、300mg/L、200mg/L、100mg/L,随着进水有机物浓度的逐渐降低,CODcr的去除率有所降低,并未对氨氮的去除造成影响,具有良好的氨氮去除能力。
(4)在进水水温为12～22℃,HRT为5h的条件下,控制进水CODcr浓度为300mg/L,气水比由3:1升高为5:1后降低为1:1,当气水比为5:1时,瓷粒和陶粒对CODcr和氨氮的去除效能最佳。气水比增加会导致SS去除率的下降,当气水比为1:1时,瓷粒和陶粒反应器对SS和总氮的去除效能最佳,此条件下陶粒曝气生物滤池对CODcr、氨氮也能达到较好的去除。总体看来,陶粒对污染物的去除效能要略高于瓷粒。
(5)在气水比3:1,水力停留时间为5h,进水有机浓度为300mg/L的条件下降解CODcr的最佳填料层高度在20～80cm处,硝化氨氮的最佳填料层高度在40～100cm处,对于SS的去除,主要集中在填料层高度20cm处,随着填料层的增加去除效果有所增加但趋势缓慢。
(6)曝气生物滤池具有良好的硝化特性,两种填料对氨氮的去除效率均较高。曝气生物滤池反应器内并没有发生亚硝酸盐积累现象。在总氮的去除方面,运行条件的改变对总氮的去除影响不大,总氮去除效能不佳,由于未控制反硝化条件,若存在反硝化,则认为反应器内存在同步硝化反硝化,同步硝化反硝化脱氮的效果不是很好。关于曝气生物滤池的脱氮性能及影响因素尚需进一步研究。
(7)在HRT 5h,气水比5:1,水温16～19℃,CODcr浓度为280.59～319.22mg/L,氨氮浓度为21.99～29.22mg/L,SS浓度86～121mg/L的条件下,对比了两种填料的除污效能,两种填料对污染物都有较好的去除效果,其中陶粒对于氨氮的去除效能最佳,均达到95%以上,对CODcr和SS的去除率也达到80%以上。瓷粒作为填料对污染物也有较高的去除效能,但总体处理效能较之陶粒略差。
In this experiment, two different carrier media, porcelain and ceramsite, were used to treat domestic wastewater in Biological Aerated Filter (BAF). Comparing the start-up and the operating characteristic with the two different carrier media, The main results were conducted as below:
(1)The time needed for the start-up and biofilm formation of the two BAFs were different, because of stuffy aeration, for BAF with porcelain carrier, 37 days were needed. but for BAF with ceramsite carrier, 17 days were needed.
(2)When the influent water temperature was 18～28℃, the gas to liquid ratio was 3:1, the influent CODcr concentration was 300mg/L,Cutting down HRT,the removal efficiency of porcelain BAF could be reduced. but there was no influence on ceramsite BAF. But the relation was not a linear relationship between hydraulic retention time and removal efficiency. For the porcelain BAF and ceramsite BAF,the best HRT was 10h.
(3) When the influent water temperature was 27～33℃, HRT was 12h, the gas to liquid ratio was 3:1, Changing the influent CODcr was 400mg/L、300mg/L、200mg/L、100mg/L,With the influent organic loading decreased, the removal efficency of CODcr was reduced gradually. There was no influence on the removal efficiency of NH4+-N, The removal efficiency of NH4+-N was well.
(4)When the influent water temperature was 12～22℃, HRT was 5h, the influent CODcr concentration was 300mg/L , the gas to liquid ratio rosed to 5:1 from 3:1, then decreased to 1:1. When the gas to liquid ratio was 5:1, the removal efficiency of CODcr and NH4+-N were the best in the porcelain BAF and ceramsite BAF. When the gas to water was 1:1, the removal efficiency of SS and TN were the best, on this condition, as well as the removal efficiency of CODcr and NH4+-N were better in the ceramsite BAF. Generally speaking, The ceramsite as carrier media, the removal efficiency of contamination was higher than porcelain BAF.
(5)When the gas to liquid ratio was 3:1, HRT was 5h, the influent CODcr concentration was 300mg/L ,The best removal efficiency of CODcr occurred when the bed material height was 20cm～80cm. The best removal efficiency of NH4+-N occurred when the bed material height was 40cm～100cm.The best removal efficiency of SS occurred when the bed material height was 20cm. The SS removal efficiency rises slowly with the further increase of bed material height.
(6)BAF had good function of nitrification. The NH4+-N removal efficiency with porcelain or ceramsite as carrier media was both well. There was no nitrite accumulation in BAF. Changing operating condition, the removal efficiency of TN was no marked by clear change and was misadventure. Because of not controlling for the factors of denitrification,if existing denitrification,then considering there was Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification in BAF. but the removal efficiency of TN was worse by means of Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification reaction. So the nitrification and denitrification and influencing factors in BAF need to be further studied.
(7)When the CODcr concentration in influent was 280.59~319.22mg/L, the NH4+-N concentration in influent was 21.99~29.22mg/L, the SS concentration in influent was 86~121mg/L, the water temperature is 16~19℃, the ratio of gas to liquid ratio was 5:1 and HRT was 5h.Compared the contaminant removal performance of two carrier medias, the removal efficencies all were good. The NH4+-N removal efficiency was the best and was up to 95%, the removal efficiency of CODcr and SS all were up to 80%. Used porcelain as carrier media could also get higher removal efficiency, but as a whole the removal efficiency of porcelain exhibited a little decrease.
引文
[1]张红晶.侧向流曝气生物滤池处理生活污水的特性及其除磷脱氮效能研究[D].重庆大学博士学位论文,2006.
[2]郑俊,吴浩汀.曝气生物滤池工艺的理论与工程应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[3]叶建锋.废水生物脱氮处理新技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2006.
[4]郑兴灿,李亚新.污水除磷脱氮技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998.
[5]郑平,徐向阳,胡宝兰.新型生物脱氮理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[6]章非娟.生物脱氮技术[M].中国环境科学出版社.1992.
[7]来自互联网-中国发展门户网 (http://cn.chinagate.com.cn/reports/hjsj/2007-12/27/content_9443098.htm)
[8]国家环境保护总局.2005 中国环境状况公报[J].环境保护.2006,6:10-19.
[9]李玉萍.曝气生物滤池脱氮工艺的技术研究[D].山东大学硕士论文,2006,8-9.
[10]沈耀良,王宝贞.废水生物处理新技术——理论与应用(第二版) [M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2006.
[11]R.Pujo.l Process improvements for upflow submerged biofilters[J].Water,2000,32(1):25-29.
[12]R.Pujo,lS.Tarallo.Total nitrogen removal in two-step biofiltration [J]. Wat.Sci.Tech.,2000,41(4-5):65-68.
[13]S.D.Chen,C.Y.Chen,Y.F.Wang. Treating high-strength nitrate wastewater by biological process[J].Wat.Sci.Tech.,1999,39(10-11):311-314.
[14]N.Puzava, M.Payraudeau, D.Thornberg. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in biofiters with real time aeration control[J].Wat.Sci.Tech.,2001,43(1):269-276.
[15]郑俊,程寒飞,王晓众.上流式曝气生物滤池工艺处理生活污水[J]中国给水排水,2001,17(1): 51-52.
[16]刘建广.水解一气浮一曝气生物滤池工艺在印染废水处理中的应用[J].中国给水排水,2001,27(2): 43-45.
[17]李玉华,赵可,霍明昕.气浮-曝气生物滤池工艺处理印染废水[J].中国给水排水,2003,19(11): 41-42.
[18]张恒建,赵玉军,叶晓亮.曝气生物滤池工艺处理医疗废水工程实例[J].江苏环境科技,2003,16(1): 16-17.
[19]王憬,杨宝红,王正江,等.曝气生物滤池一气浮工艺处理电厂废水及回用[J].工业水处理,2002,22(12):57-59.
[20]崔福义,张兵,唐利.曝气生物滤池技术研究与应用进展[J].环境污染治理技术与设备.2005,6(10):1-7.
[21]王劲松,胡勇有.曝气生物滤池填料的研究进展[J].工业用水与废水,2002,33(5):7-9.
[22]张 杰,曹相生,孟雪征.曝气生物滤池的研究进展[J].中国给水排水,2002,18(8):26-29.
[23]张薇,史开武,孔惠.曝气生物滤池(BAF)的发展与现状[J].北京石油化工学院学报,2005,13(3):24-30.
[24]Allan t .Mann,Leopoldo Mendoza-Espinosa,Tom Stephenson.Performance Of Floating And Sunken Media Biological Aerated Filters Under Unsteady State Conditions [J]. Wat. Res,1999,33(4):1108-1113.
[25]傅金祥,陈正清,赵玉华等.挂膜方式对曝气生物滤池的影响[J].水处理技术,2006,32(8):42-45.
[26]郑俊,吴浩汀,程寒飞.曝气生物滤池污水处理新技术及工程实例[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002,56-76.
[27]Rebecca Moore,Joanne Quarmby,Tom Stephenson.The Effects Of Media Size On The Performance Of Biological Aerated Filters [J] .Wat. Res,2001,35(10):2514-2522.
[28]张晓健,王占生等.瓷珠曝气生物滤池去除源水中氨氮研究[J].中国给水排,2005,21(5):32-35.
[29]肖文胜.两种填料在曝气生物滤池中处理生活污水的对比研究[J].环境科学与管理,2005,30(5):37-38.
[30]Won-Seok chang, Seok-Won Hong, Joonkyu Park. Effect of Zeolite media for the treatment of textile wastewater in a biological aerated filter [J]. Process Biochemistry.2002, (37):693-698.
[31]Sheng-Bing He,Gang Xue, Hai-Nan Kong.The performance of BAF using natural zeolite as filter media under conditions of low temperature and ammonium shock load[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2006.
[32] 张杰,陈秀荣.曝气生物滤池反冲洗的特性[J],环境科学,2003,24(5):86-91.
[33]凌霄,胡勇有.曝气生物滤池反冲洗关键因子的确定及机理浅析[J].给水排水,2005,31(10):19-23.
[34]王立立,刘焕彬,胡勇有.曝气生物滤池处理低浓度生活污水的研究[J].工业水处理,2003,23(3):29-32.
[35]Francisco Osorio,Ernesto Hontoria.Wastewater treatment with a double-layer submerged biological aerated filter,using waste materials as biofilm support[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2002,(65):79-84.
[36]王立立,胡勇有.曝气生物滤池去除有机物及硝化氨氮的影响因素研究[J],环境污染与防治,2006,28(4):257-260.
[37]郭天鹏,汪诚文,陈吕军等.升流式曝气生物滤池深度处理城市污水的工艺特性[J].环境科学,2002,23(1):58-61.
[38]沈耀良.曝气生物滤池工艺及运行控制[J].水处理技术,2005,31(7):7-10.
[39]刘金香,娄金生,陈春宁.沸石-陶粒曝气生物滤池处理微污染水源水试验[J].工业用水与废水,2005,36(4):10-12.
[40]Francisco Osorio,Ernesto Hontoria. Optimization of Bed Material Height In A Submerged Biological Aerated Filter[J].Journal Of Environmental Engineering.2001,(11):974-978.
[41]马军,邱立平.曝气生物滤池中的亚硝酸盐积累及其影响因子[J],环境科学,2003,24(1):84-90.
[42]So-Hyun Joo,Dong-Jin Kim, Ik-Keun Yoo,Kyungmoon Park,Gi-Cheol Cha. Partial nitrification in an upflow biological aerated filter by O2 limitation[J] .Biotechnology Letters.2000,(22):937-940.
[43]A.T.Mann and T.Stephenson. Modelling Biological Aerated Filters for Wastewater Treatment [J].Wat. Res, 1999,31(10): 2443-2448
[44] 刘雨,赵庆良,郑兴灿.生物膜法污水处理技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998.
[45]邱立平,杜茂安,马军,张立昕.单级曝气生物滤池处理生活污水的动力学特性[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2006,38(2):203-207.
[46] 陈坚.环境生物技术[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1999.6.
[47]严子春,龙腾锐,何强.填料对曝气生物滤池效能的影响[J].水处理技术,2005,31(5): 27-29.
[48]T D Kent,S C Williams,C S B Fitzpatrick. Ammoniacal nitrogen removal in biological aerated filters: the effect of media size [J].J.CIWEM, 2000, 14: 409-414.
[49]刘雨,赵庆良,郑兴灿.生物膜法污水处理技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999.
[50]陆少鸣,方平,杜敬,刘姣.曝气生物滤池挂膜的中试实验[J].水处理技术,2006,32(8): 67-69.
[51]So-Hyun Joo, Dong-Jin Kim, Ik-Keun Yoo etc. Partial nitrification in an upflow biological aerated filter by O2 limitation [J] .Biotechnology Letters, 2000, 22:937-940.
[52] Dong-Woo Han, Ho-Joon Yun, Dong-Jin Kim. Autotrophic nitrification and denitrification characteristics of an upflow biological aerated filter[J].Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 2001,76:1112-1116.
[53]王立立,刘焕彬,胡勇有,李松凌.填料层高度对曝气生物滤池工作性能的影响[J].中国沼气,2002,20(4):11-16.
[54]李子敬,邵立章.异养菌与硝化菌在曝气生物滤池中的空间分布[J].应用能源技术,2006,(2): 11-15.
[55] 徐亚明,吴浩汀.Up-BAF 同步硝化反硝化工艺去除污染物的机理研究[J].环境污染与防治,2004,26(6):409-414.
[56]陈鸣.水解-曝气生物滤池处理生活污水脱氮技术研究[D].东南大学硕士论文,2006.
[57]Rittmann BE,Mc Carty P L.Evaluation of steady-state-biofilm kinetics [J].Biotech & Bioeng.1980, 22:2359-2373.
[58]S chmidtn S K,Scow K M,Alexander M.Kinetics of pnitrophenolm ineralization by a Pseudomonas sp:effects of second substrates[J].Appl Environ Microbial.1987,53(11):2617-2623.
[2]郑俊,吴浩汀.曝气生物滤池工艺的理论与工程应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[3]叶建锋.废水生物脱氮处理新技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2006.
[4]郑兴灿,李亚新.污水除磷脱氮技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998.
[5]郑平,徐向阳,胡宝兰.新型生物脱氮理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[6]章非娟.生物脱氮技术[M].中国环境科学出版社.1992.
[7]来自互联网-中国发展门户网 (http://cn.chinagate.com.cn/reports/hjsj/2007-12/27/content_9443098.htm)
[8]国家环境保护总局.2005 中国环境状况公报[J].环境保护.2006,6:10-19.
[9]李玉萍.曝气生物滤池脱氮工艺的技术研究[D].山东大学硕士论文,2006,8-9.
[10]沈耀良,王宝贞.废水生物处理新技术——理论与应用(第二版) [M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2006.
[11]R.Pujo.l Process improvements for upflow submerged biofilters[J].Water,2000,32(1):25-29.
[12]R.Pujo,lS.Tarallo.Total nitrogen removal in two-step biofiltration [J]. Wat.Sci.Tech.,2000,41(4-5):65-68.
[13]S.D.Chen,C.Y.Chen,Y.F.Wang. Treating high-strength nitrate wastewater by biological process[J].Wat.Sci.Tech.,1999,39(10-11):311-314.
[14]N.Puzava, M.Payraudeau, D.Thornberg. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in biofiters with real time aeration control[J].Wat.Sci.Tech.,2001,43(1):269-276.
[15]郑俊,程寒飞,王晓众.上流式曝气生物滤池工艺处理生活污水[J]中国给水排水,2001,17(1): 51-52.
[16]刘建广.水解一气浮一曝气生物滤池工艺在印染废水处理中的应用[J].中国给水排水,2001,27(2): 43-45.
[17]李玉华,赵可,霍明昕.气浮-曝气生物滤池工艺处理印染废水[J].中国给水排水,2003,19(11): 41-42.
[18]张恒建,赵玉军,叶晓亮.曝气生物滤池工艺处理医疗废水工程实例[J].江苏环境科技,2003,16(1): 16-17.
[19]王憬,杨宝红,王正江,等.曝气生物滤池一气浮工艺处理电厂废水及回用[J].工业水处理,2002,22(12):57-59.
[20]崔福义,张兵,唐利.曝气生物滤池技术研究与应用进展[J].环境污染治理技术与设备.2005,6(10):1-7.
[21]王劲松,胡勇有.曝气生物滤池填料的研究进展[J].工业用水与废水,2002,33(5):7-9.
[22]张 杰,曹相生,孟雪征.曝气生物滤池的研究进展[J].中国给水排水,2002,18(8):26-29.
[23]张薇,史开武,孔惠.曝气生物滤池(BAF)的发展与现状[J].北京石油化工学院学报,2005,13(3):24-30.
[24]Allan t .Mann,Leopoldo Mendoza-Espinosa,Tom Stephenson.Performance Of Floating And Sunken Media Biological Aerated Filters Under Unsteady State Conditions [J]. Wat. Res,1999,33(4):1108-1113.
[25]傅金祥,陈正清,赵玉华等.挂膜方式对曝气生物滤池的影响[J].水处理技术,2006,32(8):42-45.
[26]郑俊,吴浩汀,程寒飞.曝气生物滤池污水处理新技术及工程实例[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002,56-76.
[27]Rebecca Moore,Joanne Quarmby,Tom Stephenson.The Effects Of Media Size On The Performance Of Biological Aerated Filters [J] .Wat. Res,2001,35(10):2514-2522.
[28]张晓健,王占生等.瓷珠曝气生物滤池去除源水中氨氮研究[J].中国给水排,2005,21(5):32-35.
[29]肖文胜.两种填料在曝气生物滤池中处理生活污水的对比研究[J].环境科学与管理,2005,30(5):37-38.
[30]Won-Seok chang, Seok-Won Hong, Joonkyu Park. Effect of Zeolite media for the treatment of textile wastewater in a biological aerated filter [J]. Process Biochemistry.2002, (37):693-698.
[31]Sheng-Bing He,Gang Xue, Hai-Nan Kong.The performance of BAF using natural zeolite as filter media under conditions of low temperature and ammonium shock load[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2006.
[32] 张杰,陈秀荣.曝气生物滤池反冲洗的特性[J],环境科学,2003,24(5):86-91.
[33]凌霄,胡勇有.曝气生物滤池反冲洗关键因子的确定及机理浅析[J].给水排水,2005,31(10):19-23.
[34]王立立,刘焕彬,胡勇有.曝气生物滤池处理低浓度生活污水的研究[J].工业水处理,2003,23(3):29-32.
[35]Francisco Osorio,Ernesto Hontoria.Wastewater treatment with a double-layer submerged biological aerated filter,using waste materials as biofilm support[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2002,(65):79-84.
[36]王立立,胡勇有.曝气生物滤池去除有机物及硝化氨氮的影响因素研究[J],环境污染与防治,2006,28(4):257-260.
[37]郭天鹏,汪诚文,陈吕军等.升流式曝气生物滤池深度处理城市污水的工艺特性[J].环境科学,2002,23(1):58-61.
[38]沈耀良.曝气生物滤池工艺及运行控制[J].水处理技术,2005,31(7):7-10.
[39]刘金香,娄金生,陈春宁.沸石-陶粒曝气生物滤池处理微污染水源水试验[J].工业用水与废水,2005,36(4):10-12.
[40]Francisco Osorio,Ernesto Hontoria. Optimization of Bed Material Height In A Submerged Biological Aerated Filter[J].Journal Of Environmental Engineering.2001,(11):974-978.
[41]马军,邱立平.曝气生物滤池中的亚硝酸盐积累及其影响因子[J],环境科学,2003,24(1):84-90.
[42]So-Hyun Joo,Dong-Jin Kim, Ik-Keun Yoo,Kyungmoon Park,Gi-Cheol Cha. Partial nitrification in an upflow biological aerated filter by O2 limitation[J] .Biotechnology Letters.2000,(22):937-940.
[43]A.T.Mann and T.Stephenson. Modelling Biological Aerated Filters for Wastewater Treatment [J].Wat. Res, 1999,31(10): 2443-2448
[44] 刘雨,赵庆良,郑兴灿.生物膜法污水处理技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998.
[45]邱立平,杜茂安,马军,张立昕.单级曝气生物滤池处理生活污水的动力学特性[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2006,38(2):203-207.
[46] 陈坚.环境生物技术[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1999.6.
[47]严子春,龙腾锐,何强.填料对曝气生物滤池效能的影响[J].水处理技术,2005,31(5): 27-29.
[48]T D Kent,S C Williams,C S B Fitzpatrick. Ammoniacal nitrogen removal in biological aerated filters: the effect of media size [J].J.CIWEM, 2000, 14: 409-414.
[49]刘雨,赵庆良,郑兴灿.生物膜法污水处理技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999.
[50]陆少鸣,方平,杜敬,刘姣.曝气生物滤池挂膜的中试实验[J].水处理技术,2006,32(8): 67-69.
[51]So-Hyun Joo, Dong-Jin Kim, Ik-Keun Yoo etc. Partial nitrification in an upflow biological aerated filter by O2 limitation [J] .Biotechnology Letters, 2000, 22:937-940.
[52] Dong-Woo Han, Ho-Joon Yun, Dong-Jin Kim. Autotrophic nitrification and denitrification characteristics of an upflow biological aerated filter[J].Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 2001,76:1112-1116.
[53]王立立,刘焕彬,胡勇有,李松凌.填料层高度对曝气生物滤池工作性能的影响[J].中国沼气,2002,20(4):11-16.
[54]李子敬,邵立章.异养菌与硝化菌在曝气生物滤池中的空间分布[J].应用能源技术,2006,(2): 11-15.
[55] 徐亚明,吴浩汀.Up-BAF 同步硝化反硝化工艺去除污染物的机理研究[J].环境污染与防治,2004,26(6):409-414.
[56]陈鸣.水解-曝气生物滤池处理生活污水脱氮技术研究[D].东南大学硕士论文,2006.
[57]Rittmann BE,Mc Carty P L.Evaluation of steady-state-biofilm kinetics [J].Biotech & Bioeng.1980, 22:2359-2373.
[58]S chmidtn S K,Scow K M,Alexander M.Kinetics of pnitrophenolm ineralization by a Pseudomonas sp:effects of second substrates[J].Appl Environ Microbial.1987,53(11):2617-2623.