胶济客专非饱和粉土、粉质粘土地基沉降特性试验研究
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摘要
本文主要结合“客运专线深厚非饱和土的沉降特性及地基处理技术”的实际研究工作,以客运专线胶济铁路四线的处于非饱和土状态的地基土粉质粘土与粉土的沉降特性为研究对象,通过采用现场载荷试验,静力触探试验,标准贯入试验,旁压试验,室内固结(压缩变形)试验,三轴压缩试验,以及进行现场沉降观测等一系列试验方法,来总结处于非饱和状态的地基土沉降变形性状,对其沉降规律进行研究,从而得出非饱和土的沉降变形特性,进而来预测地基的变形,并将计算结果与实测结果进行对比和分析,进而印证了本文提出的计算方法的可行性。主要研究成果如下:
①通过一系列现场原位测试试验,详细查明了粉土和粉质粘土的工程地质特性及基本物理力学特性;
②通过室内固结(压缩变形)试验,三轴压缩试验来分析这两类土的固结变形与时间的关系,得到了在侧限条件下,粉土和粉质粘土的应力与应变的变化关系符合双曲线模式,粉土的轴向应变与时间的关系符合成长型曲线(“S”曲线)模式,粉质粘土的轴向应变与时间的关系符合双曲线模式。
③结合室内压缩试验的应力与应变关系,详细分析了路基沉降机理,提出了计算地基最终沉降量的方法(改进的分层总和法),并与实测结果对比分析,此方法较接近于实际,具有其可行性。
④通过现场沉降观测,分析路堤荷载作用下的地基沉降,研究在路堤填筑期间的沉降变形规律,并通过填筑期间的实测数据来预测地基最终沉降量;
⑤通过大量实测数据分析,得出了非饱和粉质粘土和粉土的沉降变形特性规律,为进一步研究其沉降变形理论提供可靠的科学依据。
According to the study on the settlement characteristic and foundation treatment technique of unsaturated silt and silty clay subsoil between Qingdao and Jinan special passenger train, a series of tests have been carried out, such as filed plane loading test, static cone penetration test, standard penetration test, lateral pressure meter test, standard indoor consolidation test, triaxial compression test and field settlement observation. Through a series of tests the settlement characteristic of unsaturated subsoil can be generalized and the settlement pattern can be obtained. From the settlement pattern the deformation of subgrade can be pre-estimated. According to comparison analysis of the results of between the calculation and the field observation, further the calculation method put forward is available. Some results can be generalized as followings:
(1) Through a series of field test, the engineering geology and basic physical and mechanic characteristic of silt and silty clay subsoil can be surveyed particularly.
(2) Through indoor consolidation test and triaxial compression test, the consolidation characteristic relationship of the silt and silty clay subsoil can be analysed. On the condition of lateral confinement, the relationship of between stress and strain of silt and silty clay fits the hyperbola pattern. The relationship of between strain and time of silt fits 'S' curve pattern. The relationship of between strain and time of silty clay fits hyperbola pattern.
(3) According to the stress and strain relationship of indoor consolidation test, and analysis of the mechanism of subgrade settlement, the method of calculation of the ultimate settlement is put forward. Comparison analysis of results between the field test and modified calculation methods, the modified calculation method is confirmed to be available.
(4) Through field settlement observation, the settlement law under embankment load was studied. According to the field settlement data in the course of fillings the ultimate settlement can be pre-estimated.
(5) Through the analysis of lots of field settlement data, the settlement characteristic of the unsaturated silt and silty clay is obtained. The settlement theory should be further studied dependent on the settlement charchateristic.
①通过一系列现场原位测试试验,详细查明了粉土和粉质粘土的工程地质特性及基本物理力学特性;
②通过室内固结(压缩变形)试验,三轴压缩试验来分析这两类土的固结变形与时间的关系,得到了在侧限条件下,粉土和粉质粘土的应力与应变的变化关系符合双曲线模式,粉土的轴向应变与时间的关系符合成长型曲线(“S”曲线)模式,粉质粘土的轴向应变与时间的关系符合双曲线模式。
③结合室内压缩试验的应力与应变关系,详细分析了路基沉降机理,提出了计算地基最终沉降量的方法(改进的分层总和法),并与实测结果对比分析,此方法较接近于实际,具有其可行性。
④通过现场沉降观测,分析路堤荷载作用下的地基沉降,研究在路堤填筑期间的沉降变形规律,并通过填筑期间的实测数据来预测地基最终沉降量;
⑤通过大量实测数据分析,得出了非饱和粉质粘土和粉土的沉降变形特性规律,为进一步研究其沉降变形理论提供可靠的科学依据。
According to the study on the settlement characteristic and foundation treatment technique of unsaturated silt and silty clay subsoil between Qingdao and Jinan special passenger train, a series of tests have been carried out, such as filed plane loading test, static cone penetration test, standard penetration test, lateral pressure meter test, standard indoor consolidation test, triaxial compression test and field settlement observation. Through a series of tests the settlement characteristic of unsaturated subsoil can be generalized and the settlement pattern can be obtained. From the settlement pattern the deformation of subgrade can be pre-estimated. According to comparison analysis of the results of between the calculation and the field observation, further the calculation method put forward is available. Some results can be generalized as followings:
(1) Through a series of field test, the engineering geology and basic physical and mechanic characteristic of silt and silty clay subsoil can be surveyed particularly.
(2) Through indoor consolidation test and triaxial compression test, the consolidation characteristic relationship of the silt and silty clay subsoil can be analysed. On the condition of lateral confinement, the relationship of between stress and strain of silt and silty clay fits the hyperbola pattern. The relationship of between strain and time of silt fits 'S' curve pattern. The relationship of between strain and time of silty clay fits hyperbola pattern.
(3) According to the stress and strain relationship of indoor consolidation test, and analysis of the mechanism of subgrade settlement, the method of calculation of the ultimate settlement is put forward. Comparison analysis of results between the field test and modified calculation methods, the modified calculation method is confirmed to be available.
(4) Through field settlement observation, the settlement law under embankment load was studied. According to the field settlement data in the course of fillings the ultimate settlement can be pre-estimated.
(5) Through the analysis of lots of field settlement data, the settlement characteristic of the unsaturated silt and silty clay is obtained. The settlement theory should be further studied dependent on the settlement charchateristic.
引文
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[4]Kaare H,Rune D,Sandbakken G.Strength of undisturbed versus reconstituted silt and silty sand specimens.Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2000,July:606-617
[5]Salgado R,Bandini P,Karim A.Shear strength and stiffness of silty sand.Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2000,126(5):451-462
[6]Saul S,Yamamuro Jerry.A.Effects of silt on three-dimensional stress-strain behavior of loose sand.Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2003,129(1):1-11
[7]Yamamuro Jerry A,Lade Poul V.Steady-state concepts and static liquefaction of silty sands.Journal of Geotechniacal and Geoenvironmental Engineering,1998,124(9):868-877
[8]孟毅.潍坊市区低塑性粉土标贯击数与承载力标准值回归关系[J].西部探矿工程,1997.5,(5):33
[9]袁灿勤,韩爱民,严三保.南京城区漫滩相浅层粉土的承载力[J].南京建筑工程学院学报,1999,(2):34-38
[10]杨鸿钧.用孔隙比修正评价粉土的容许承载力和密实度[J].港工击数,2003,(3):53-55
[11]赵振勇.粉质土路基沉降机理与发展规律研究[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文,2005
[12]吴世明,杨挺,周健,等.岩土工程新技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[13]张志红,赵成刚,邓敏.非饱和土固结理论新进展[J].岩土力学,2005,26(4):667-672
[14]Barden L.Consolidation of compacted and unsaturated clays[J].Geotechnique,1965,15(3):267-286.
[15]Barden L.Consolidation of clays compacted 'dry' and 'wet' of optimum water content[J].Geotechnique,1974,24(4):605-625.
[16]Fredlund D G.Second Canadian geotechnical colloquium:appropriate concepts and technology for unsaturated soils[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1979,16(1):121-139.
[17]CHEN Zheng-han,XIE Ding-yi,LU Zou-dian.The consolidation of unsaturated soil[A].Proceedings of 7~(th)International Conference on Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics[C].Australias:Beer G,Carter J P,eds.[s.1.]:[s.n.]1991,1617-1621
[18]陈正汉.非饱和土固结的混合物理论(Ⅰ)[J].应用数学和力学,1993,(2):127-137.
[19]肖巧林.高填路堤软土地基沉降特性研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[20]周翠英.土体微观结构研究与土力学的发展方向—若干进展与思考[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2000,25(3):215-220
[21]Marche R,Menoret A,Philippe M.Preloading at the south end of Confignon tunnel[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,1997,123(4):355-368
[22]张士励,徐海.粉质土地基施工的沉降问题及其处理方法.公路与汽运,2004,(2):48-49
[23]许鹏程.胶济客运专线青州取直段黄土质粉质黏土的特殊性及工程对策[J].铁道勘察,2007,(1):36-38
[24]徐超,石振明,高彦斌,赵春风.岩土工程原位测试,上海:同济大学出版社,2005
[25]孟高头.土体原位测试机理、方法及其应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1997
[26]高颂东.静力触探技术在天津软土地区的应用研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文,2006
[27]强鲁斌,王璐.浅谈静力触探试验在工程勘察中的运用[J].人民长江,2007,(9):122-124
[28]中华人民共和国铁道部,铁路工程地质原位测试规程(TB10018—2003),中国铁道出版社,2003
[29]李建强.武广客运专线韶关至花都段球状风化花岗岩综合勘查方法及勘探 技术研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2006
[30]刘夕洪.标准贯入试验在工程勘察应用中的若干问题[J].探矿工程,2004,(3):24-25
[31]贺瑞霞,毛奇.岩土工程测试中的标准贯入试验法[J].平顶山工学院学报,2003(3),12(1):6-8
[32]段新胜,顾湘.用标准试验锤击数据确定粘性土地基承载力方法探讨[J].地质与勘察,1999(7),35(4):59-61
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