四方机车动车组项目大规模定制模式研究
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摘要
随着市场全球化、经济区域化、经营跨国化的日益加剧,市场竞争更加激烈。市场竞争呈现出许多不同于以往的需求形态特点:消费者的需求呈现多样化、差异化。产品的寿命周期较之前缩短许多,产品的品种类别数量较之前迅速膨胀:对于产品的交货期的速度要求较之前更加快速及苛刻,产品的质量品质要求以及服务水准的期望值提高;客户的需求不确定性增加,技术创新速度相对必须提升加快;因此,成木和质量虽然仍是公司成功的必要条件,但已不是制胜的关键因素。公司之间的竞争开始转向基于时间的竞争和基于客户需求的竞争。为客户提供定制化的产品、全面提高客户满意度,已成为现代公司追求竞争优势的一种必然趋势,传统的生产模式已经难以胜任市场新的竞争形态需求。
在新的市场环境中公司迫切需要一种新的生产模式,大规模定制由此产生。大规模定制生产模式,是继大规模牛产和精益生产方式后又一极具竞争力和生命力的新型生产模式。目前己被许多国外公司所认识和采用,并取得了令人满意的效益。
大规模定制是一种集公司、客户、供应商和环境于一体,在系统思想指导下,用整体优化的观点,充分利用公司已有的各种资源,在现代设计方法学、模块化技术、信息技术和先进制造技术等的支持下,根据客户的个性化需求,以大批量生产的高效率和高质量提供定剖产品和服务的牛产方式。
南车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司是中围轨道交通装备制造行业的骨干公司,是中国高速列车产业化制造基地和城轨地铁车辆定点制造公司,是国家主要的轨道交通装备产品出口基地,为中国南车股份有限公司的核心公司。目前,南车青岛四方高速动车组市场占有率近50%,高档铁路客车市场占有率超过70%。
公司涉及到动车组项目包括:时速206公里短编动车组、时速200公里长编动车组、时速200公里卧铺车动车组、时速300公里短编动车组、时速300公里长编动车组、时速350公里380A动车组,以及将来的委内瑞拉的城际列车。因为需满足客户的需求,在实际的生产过程中就涉及到车型方案、内饰要求、电气优化、速度等级等各方面的为满足客户要求而进行的不断调整。所以对南车青岛四方股份动车组项目进行大规模定制研究,有助于公司提高大批量的生产效率和满足客户个性化需求。
本文以相关理论为基础,根据动车组项目目前的现状,对产品设计、生产管理、供应链管理这几个方面进行分析,以指出大规模定制的可行性结论。大规模定制这种新的生产方式全面考虑了关于制造运作系统控制的需求结合,包括:产品品种的迅速增加、批量改变和订单随机性增大等。其主要有点包括:使公司能够提供满足客户个性化需求的产品、并能更好地适应市场快速变化、有利于降低生产成本、有利于过程和产品的持续改善、有利于公司长期生存和快速发展。
With the globalization of markets, economic regionalization, the increasing transnational business furniture, market competition is more intense. Competition in the market presents many morphological characteristics different from the previous requirements: diversified consumer demand, differentiation. Product life cycle shorter than before much variety of products than before the rapid expansion of the number of categories; the speed of product delivery requirements more quickly than before and stringent quality requirements of product quality and service standards expectations increase; customer needs uncertainty increases, the relative speed of technological innovation to enhance the accelerated; Therefore, cost and quality, although still a necessary condition for business success, but it is not the key factor in winning. Competition among enterprises are turning to time-based competition and competition based on customer needs. Provide customers with customized products, improve customer satisfaction, has become the pursuit of competitive advantage of modern enterprise is an inevitable trend, the traditional production model has could not do the market demand for new forms of competition.
In the new market environment, enterprises urgently need a new mode of production, resulting in mass customization. Mass customization, is the second large-scale production and lean production methods and vitality after a highly competitive new mode of production. Many foreign companies have now been recognized and used, and achieved satisfactory results.
Mass customization is a set of companies, customers, suppliers and the environment in one of the system thought, with the overall optimization point of view, companies have full use of various resources in the modern design methodology, modular technology, information technology and advanced manufacturing technology support, according to the customer's individual requirements, and a large volume ofhigh efficiency and high quality products and services to provide customized production.
CSR Sifang Locomotive Co., Ltd. is China's rail transportation equipment manufacturing industry is the backbone enterprise of China's industrial manufacturing base for high-speed trains and urban rail subway cars fixed manufacturing enterprise, is the country's main rail transportation equipment products export base in China CSR Ltd's core business. Currently, CSR Sifang EMU market share of nearly 50% of high-grade railway passenger car market share of over 70%. EMU companies involved include: 200 kilometers per hour EMU short code, speed of 200 km long series of EMU, 200 kilometers per hour EMU sleeper cars, 300 kilometers per hour EMU short series, a long series of 300 kilometers per hour EMU, speed of 350 km 380A EMU, and the future inter-city trains in Venezuela. Because the need to meet customer demand, in the actual production process involving the vehicle program, interior requirements, electrical optimization, speed rating and other areas to meet customer requirements for the continuous adjustment. So CSR Qingdao Sifang EMU study of mass customization projects, helping companies to improve the efficiency of mass production and meet customer demand. In this paper, the relevant theory, EMU project is based on the status of the product design, production management, supply chain management in these areas are analyzed to point out that conclusions of the feasibility of mass customization. Mass customization, this new mode of production on the manufacturing operations fully into account the needs of system control integration, including: the rapid increase in product variety, volume and other changes and increased random order. The main Youdian include: enabling enterprises to provide to meet customer demand for personalized products, and can better adapt to market changes, help to reduce production costs, is conducive to continuous improvement of processes and products, is conducive to long-term survival and rapid development of enterprise .
在新的市场环境中公司迫切需要一种新的生产模式,大规模定制由此产生。大规模定制生产模式,是继大规模牛产和精益生产方式后又一极具竞争力和生命力的新型生产模式。目前己被许多国外公司所认识和采用,并取得了令人满意的效益。
大规模定制是一种集公司、客户、供应商和环境于一体,在系统思想指导下,用整体优化的观点,充分利用公司已有的各种资源,在现代设计方法学、模块化技术、信息技术和先进制造技术等的支持下,根据客户的个性化需求,以大批量生产的高效率和高质量提供定剖产品和服务的牛产方式。
南车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司是中围轨道交通装备制造行业的骨干公司,是中国高速列车产业化制造基地和城轨地铁车辆定点制造公司,是国家主要的轨道交通装备产品出口基地,为中国南车股份有限公司的核心公司。目前,南车青岛四方高速动车组市场占有率近50%,高档铁路客车市场占有率超过70%。
公司涉及到动车组项目包括:时速206公里短编动车组、时速200公里长编动车组、时速200公里卧铺车动车组、时速300公里短编动车组、时速300公里长编动车组、时速350公里380A动车组,以及将来的委内瑞拉的城际列车。因为需满足客户的需求,在实际的生产过程中就涉及到车型方案、内饰要求、电气优化、速度等级等各方面的为满足客户要求而进行的不断调整。所以对南车青岛四方股份动车组项目进行大规模定制研究,有助于公司提高大批量的生产效率和满足客户个性化需求。
本文以相关理论为基础,根据动车组项目目前的现状,对产品设计、生产管理、供应链管理这几个方面进行分析,以指出大规模定制的可行性结论。大规模定制这种新的生产方式全面考虑了关于制造运作系统控制的需求结合,包括:产品品种的迅速增加、批量改变和订单随机性增大等。其主要有点包括:使公司能够提供满足客户个性化需求的产品、并能更好地适应市场快速变化、有利于降低生产成本、有利于过程和产品的持续改善、有利于公司长期生存和快速发展。
With the globalization of markets, economic regionalization, the increasing transnational business furniture, market competition is more intense. Competition in the market presents many morphological characteristics different from the previous requirements: diversified consumer demand, differentiation. Product life cycle shorter than before much variety of products than before the rapid expansion of the number of categories; the speed of product delivery requirements more quickly than before and stringent quality requirements of product quality and service standards expectations increase; customer needs uncertainty increases, the relative speed of technological innovation to enhance the accelerated; Therefore, cost and quality, although still a necessary condition for business success, but it is not the key factor in winning. Competition among enterprises are turning to time-based competition and competition based on customer needs. Provide customers with customized products, improve customer satisfaction, has become the pursuit of competitive advantage of modern enterprise is an inevitable trend, the traditional production model has could not do the market demand for new forms of competition.
In the new market environment, enterprises urgently need a new mode of production, resulting in mass customization. Mass customization, is the second large-scale production and lean production methods and vitality after a highly competitive new mode of production. Many foreign companies have now been recognized and used, and achieved satisfactory results.
Mass customization is a set of companies, customers, suppliers and the environment in one of the system thought, with the overall optimization point of view, companies have full use of various resources in the modern design methodology, modular technology, information technology and advanced manufacturing technology support, according to the customer's individual requirements, and a large volume ofhigh efficiency and high quality products and services to provide customized production.
CSR Sifang Locomotive Co., Ltd. is China's rail transportation equipment manufacturing industry is the backbone enterprise of China's industrial manufacturing base for high-speed trains and urban rail subway cars fixed manufacturing enterprise, is the country's main rail transportation equipment products export base in China CSR Ltd's core business. Currently, CSR Sifang EMU market share of nearly 50% of high-grade railway passenger car market share of over 70%. EMU companies involved include: 200 kilometers per hour EMU short code, speed of 200 km long series of EMU, 200 kilometers per hour EMU sleeper cars, 300 kilometers per hour EMU short series, a long series of 300 kilometers per hour EMU, speed of 350 km 380A EMU, and the future inter-city trains in Venezuela. Because the need to meet customer demand, in the actual production process involving the vehicle program, interior requirements, electrical optimization, speed rating and other areas to meet customer requirements for the continuous adjustment. So CSR Qingdao Sifang EMU study of mass customization projects, helping companies to improve the efficiency of mass production and meet customer demand. In this paper, the relevant theory, EMU project is based on the status of the product design, production management, supply chain management in these areas are analyzed to point out that conclusions of the feasibility of mass customization. Mass customization, this new mode of production on the manufacturing operations fully into account the needs of system control integration, including: the rapid increase in product variety, volume and other changes and increased random order. The main Youdian include: enabling enterprises to provide to meet customer demand for personalized products, and can better adapt to market changes, help to reduce production costs, is conducive to continuous improvement of processes and products, is conducive to long-term survival and rapid development of enterprise .
引文
[1]约瑟夫.派恩.大规模定制:新的竞争前沿.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2000
[2]周炳海,蔡建国.大批量定制生产的概念框架模型研究.上海工程技术大学学报,2000.14(4)
[3]吕巍,林海燕,谢巧玲.大规模定制原理.公司管理,2002,(3):319-312
[4]邵晓峰,黄培清,季建华,大规模定制生产模式的研究.工业工程与管理,20016:13-17
[5]李仁旺,许宁,曾泽斌.基于制造业环境演变的制造模式分析,华中科技大学学报,2001,(5):35-37
[6]肖田元,乔桂秀,等大规模定制概述,航空精密制造技术,2002,(2):1-4
[7]吴迪冲,关于生产模式的若干研究.浙江工程学院学报,2002,(1):38-41
[8]李俊,杨永英,赵先美,大规模定制与敏捷开发.家用电气科技,2001(2)57-59
[9]韩睿,田志龙,延迟制造:供应链管理下的大规模定制技术科学管理研究,2002(4):39-41
[10]顾新建等.大批量定制生产方式及其实施方法研究机械工程师,1999,(3):1-3
[11]彭卫平等.可拓学中优度评价方法在变型设计中的应用研究.计算机集成制造系统2001,7(4):48-50
[12]徐福缘,李敏等,实施大规模定制的基本思路及其时空集成优化模型.管理工程学报,2002,(2)50-52
[13]龚本刚,华中生,基于延迟技术的大规模定制生产模式[J]经济管理2004(16):46-50
[14]郑国君,丁勇,面向大规模定制的敏捷供需链管理系统[J]2003(2):6-10
[15]潘瑞,贺成,大规模定制营销[J]国际商业技术,2004(2):26-27
[16]张希伦,朱建军.结合大规模定制生产实施客户管理系统.成组技术与生产现代化,2002,(3):34-37
[17]刘晓冰,孙伟等.面向大规模定制生产模式的产品数据管理.大连理工大学学报,2002(11):733-736
[18]赵俊文,韩永生等,面向大规模定制的软件开发模式.计算机研究与发展,2005(5)593-598
[19]计维斌等,大规模生产与大规模定制在中国的历史命运经济理论与经济管理,2001(8):19-23
[20]熊励,陈子辰等,我国公司制造业大规模定制生产模式研究.中国工业经济2006(6):37-41
[21]张雪等,大规模定制生产:制造业的新选择.商业研究,2004,(2)97-99
[22]周晓东,邹国胜,大规模定制战略及我国公司的对策.工业工程与管理,2003,(5):12-16
[23]吴锡英,仇晓黎.从成组技术到大规模定制生产.中国机械工程,2001
[24]顾新建.大批量定制及其模型的研究.计算机集成制造系统,2000
[25]王博荣.中小企业群构建与运作模式选择.中国集体经济,2009
[26]贾延林.模块化设计.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[27]方春明,龚淑玲,张连福.中国汽车工业供应链管理的创新方向.物流技术2007
[28]曾明星.企业大规模定制风险研究.商业时代,2007
[29]吴绍艳,杜纲.大规模定制下企业动态能力的构建研究,西北农林科技大学学报,2007
[30]葛杨.论管理科学发展的哲学化趋势.贵州社会科学,1999
[31]金吾伦.知识社会的新管理模式.昆明:云南人民出版社,2000.
[32]崔健双,李铁克,张文新.先进制造模式研究综述.中国管理信息化,2009
[33]刘献,吴青烈.浅析大规模定制客户需求获取方法.价值工程2009
[34]孙杰,李辉.大规模定制环境下按单定制供应链研究.华东经济管理,2009
[35] Pitt .Watson , Cyberserving. Taming service marketing problems with the world wide web . Business Horizons ,1999 , 42 (1) : 11.
[36]Duray R , Milligan G. Improving customer satisfaction through mass customization Quality Process , 1993 ,12(4) : 23.
[37] TSENGMM, DUFFYV G, et al. Product family modeling for mass customization Computers Ind Eng ,1998 .
[38] Pine II B J . Mass customization : New frontier in business competition . 2008
[39] ERNES , VERHULST K. Architecture for product families. Computers Ind , 2007 ,(33) .
[40] Javier P Gonzalez Zugasti , Kevin Notto.Modular product architecture , 2000.
[41]Piher F T.reasearch center amss cunstomization & customer integration,2003
[42]nderson D M,Agile product redevelopment for mass customization:how to develop and deliver products for mass customization,1999.
[43]Davis S. From future perfect: mass customization.Planning Review,2001
[44]Kay M. Making mass customization happen: lesson for implementation,1999
[45]Ronald L. Mass customization: the next industrial revolution.Industrial Management,1995
[2]周炳海,蔡建国.大批量定制生产的概念框架模型研究.上海工程技术大学学报,2000.14(4)
[3]吕巍,林海燕,谢巧玲.大规模定制原理.公司管理,2002,(3):319-312
[4]邵晓峰,黄培清,季建华,大规模定制生产模式的研究.工业工程与管理,20016:13-17
[5]李仁旺,许宁,曾泽斌.基于制造业环境演变的制造模式分析,华中科技大学学报,2001,(5):35-37
[6]肖田元,乔桂秀,等大规模定制概述,航空精密制造技术,2002,(2):1-4
[7]吴迪冲,关于生产模式的若干研究.浙江工程学院学报,2002,(1):38-41
[8]李俊,杨永英,赵先美,大规模定制与敏捷开发.家用电气科技,2001(2)57-59
[9]韩睿,田志龙,延迟制造:供应链管理下的大规模定制技术科学管理研究,2002(4):39-41
[10]顾新建等.大批量定制生产方式及其实施方法研究机械工程师,1999,(3):1-3
[11]彭卫平等.可拓学中优度评价方法在变型设计中的应用研究.计算机集成制造系统2001,7(4):48-50
[12]徐福缘,李敏等,实施大规模定制的基本思路及其时空集成优化模型.管理工程学报,2002,(2)50-52
[13]龚本刚,华中生,基于延迟技术的大规模定制生产模式[J]经济管理2004(16):46-50
[14]郑国君,丁勇,面向大规模定制的敏捷供需链管理系统[J]2003(2):6-10
[15]潘瑞,贺成,大规模定制营销[J]国际商业技术,2004(2):26-27
[16]张希伦,朱建军.结合大规模定制生产实施客户管理系统.成组技术与生产现代化,2002,(3):34-37
[17]刘晓冰,孙伟等.面向大规模定制生产模式的产品数据管理.大连理工大学学报,2002(11):733-736
[18]赵俊文,韩永生等,面向大规模定制的软件开发模式.计算机研究与发展,2005(5)593-598
[19]计维斌等,大规模生产与大规模定制在中国的历史命运经济理论与经济管理,2001(8):19-23
[20]熊励,陈子辰等,我国公司制造业大规模定制生产模式研究.中国工业经济2006(6):37-41
[21]张雪等,大规模定制生产:制造业的新选择.商业研究,2004,(2)97-99
[22]周晓东,邹国胜,大规模定制战略及我国公司的对策.工业工程与管理,2003,(5):12-16
[23]吴锡英,仇晓黎.从成组技术到大规模定制生产.中国机械工程,2001
[24]顾新建.大批量定制及其模型的研究.计算机集成制造系统,2000
[25]王博荣.中小企业群构建与运作模式选择.中国集体经济,2009
[26]贾延林.模块化设计.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[27]方春明,龚淑玲,张连福.中国汽车工业供应链管理的创新方向.物流技术2007
[28]曾明星.企业大规模定制风险研究.商业时代,2007
[29]吴绍艳,杜纲.大规模定制下企业动态能力的构建研究,西北农林科技大学学报,2007
[30]葛杨.论管理科学发展的哲学化趋势.贵州社会科学,1999
[31]金吾伦.知识社会的新管理模式.昆明:云南人民出版社,2000.
[32]崔健双,李铁克,张文新.先进制造模式研究综述.中国管理信息化,2009
[33]刘献,吴青烈.浅析大规模定制客户需求获取方法.价值工程2009
[34]孙杰,李辉.大规模定制环境下按单定制供应链研究.华东经济管理,2009
[35] Pitt .Watson , Cyberserving. Taming service marketing problems with the world wide web . Business Horizons ,1999 , 42 (1) : 11.
[36]Duray R , Milligan G. Improving customer satisfaction through mass customization Quality Process , 1993 ,12(4) : 23.
[37] TSENGMM, DUFFYV G, et al. Product family modeling for mass customization Computers Ind Eng ,1998 .
[38] Pine II B J . Mass customization : New frontier in business competition . 2008
[39] ERNES , VERHULST K. Architecture for product families. Computers Ind , 2007 ,(33) .
[40] Javier P Gonzalez Zugasti , Kevin Notto.Modular product architecture , 2000.
[41]Piher F T.reasearch center amss cunstomization & customer integration,2003
[42]nderson D M,Agile product redevelopment for mass customization:how to develop and deliver products for mass customization,1999.
[43]Davis S. From future perfect: mass customization.Planning Review,2001
[44]Kay M. Making mass customization happen: lesson for implementation,1999
[45]Ronald L. Mass customization: the next industrial revolution.Industrial Management,1995