供应链中生产环节的最优化模型
摘要
企业生产流程优化,是生产企业实现科学管理的重要基础;是企业减少成本,实现利益最大化的重要手段。本文以中国最大的铝材制造厂为研究对象,通过对其整个生产流程的详细分析,寻找出该企业生产流程中的有待优化的环节,尤其是在ERP软件等信息化管理技术管辖范围之外的盲点,应用最优化理论,对其生产流程中的采购——库存——生产这个环节建立了动态最优存储模型。经过实际的调研,收集了从采购到生产各个环节详实的基础数据,并对数据进行了科学地整理和分析。最后,应用最优化模型进行计算,找出了该流程的最佳生产周期和最佳采购周期。经实践检验,优化结果符合企业生产实际情况。因此得出结论:企业目前按照经验来制定采购生产的决策并非是最优决策,而是应该做出相应的调整和改进,以期实现利润最大化。该论文的研究成果对企业的生产具有一定的指导意义。
Optimizing the production process is an important basic way for realizing the scientific management by manufactures.And it is also crucial for a corporation to cut its cost and realize the maximum interests.This paper takes the biggest aluminum factory in China as the subject of research, finds out the links which need to be optimized by delicate analysis of the whole production process, especially for those points which are out of control by ERP and such kind of information technology of management.The writer builds the dynamic optimizing storage model of the links between purchase, storage and production by applying the optimization theory.The writer collects amounts of detailed and basic data of every links from purchase to production after on-site inspection,arranges and analyzes those data in a scientific way.Finally,the best period of purchase and production of the whole process was found by the calculation of the optimization model.The result of optimization is approved to be reasonable to the facts of corporation by testing in practice.So it comes to the conclusion that it is not the best decision now made by experience for production,it needs to be rectified according to the result for maximizing the interests.According to this,the finding of this paper is meaningful in guiding the production of a corporation.
Optimizing the production process is an important basic way for realizing the scientific management by manufactures.And it is also crucial for a corporation to cut its cost and realize the maximum interests.This paper takes the biggest aluminum factory in China as the subject of research, finds out the links which need to be optimized by delicate analysis of the whole production process, especially for those points which are out of control by ERP and such kind of information technology of management.The writer builds the dynamic optimizing storage model of the links between purchase, storage and production by applying the optimization theory.The writer collects amounts of detailed and basic data of every links from purchase to production after on-site inspection,arranges and analyzes those data in a scientific way.Finally,the best period of purchase and production of the whole process was found by the calculation of the optimization model.The result of optimization is approved to be reasonable to the facts of corporation by testing in practice.So it comes to the conclusion that it is not the best decision now made by experience for production,it needs to be rectified according to the result for maximizing the interests.According to this,the finding of this paper is meaningful in guiding the production of a corporation.
引文
1.蔡建湖,黄卫来,张子刚,多销售点环境下的库存决策模型研究,武汉理工大学学报(信息与管理工程版)2006,04,28(4).
2.程新章,供应链问题的文献综述,科技进步与对策,2006(10).
3.桂华明,马士华,运输能力柔性约束的供应链Pareto优化策略,工业工程与管理,2006(5).
4.姜大尉,按单定制供应链(BOSC)--戴尔公司如何实施Bose,软科学,2006,20(4).
5.李鑫,陈安,刘鲁,陈宁,供应链中生产和分销系统的库存结构优化研究,北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版),2001,09,14(3).
6.李晔,陈燕,基于缺货和产品损耗特性的最优化库存模型,大连海事大学学报,2005,11,31(4).
7.王志强,ATO型供应链协调集成决策模型生产规划与库存优化,河北省科学院学报,2007,9:24(3).
8.张雷,李董辉,供应链中多批次配送模型的优化,物流技术,2005,08.
9.张莉,供应链管理文献综述,煤炭经济研究,2004(11).
10.朱向顺,李仲兴,李锦飞,供应链中配送系统联合优化的数学模型,物流科技,120(28).
11.AJ.Clark H,Scarf H,Optimal policies for a multi-echelon inventory problem[J].Management Science,1960,6(4):475-490.
12.Artzen B C,etc,Global supply chain management at digital equipment corporation[J].Interfaces,1995(25):69-93.
13.Benita M,Supply chain design and analysis:Model and methods[J].International Journal of Production Economics,1998,55:281-294.
14.Cachon G P,Zipkin P H,Competitive and cooperative inventory policies in a two-stage supply chain [R].Fuqua School of Business,Duker University,1997.
15.Carom J D,Chorman T E,etc,Blending OR/MS,judgment,and GIS:Restructuring P&G's supply chain[J].Interfaces,1997,27(1):128-142.
16.Christy D P,Grout J R,Safeguarding supply chain relationships[J].International Journal of Production Economic,1994(36):233-242.
17.Cohen M A,Lee H L,Impact of production scale economics,manufacturing complexity,and transportation costs on supply chain facility networks[J].Journal of Manufacturing and Operation Management,1990(3):269-292.
18.Cohen M A,Lee H L,Resource deployment analysis of global manufacturing and distribution networks[J].Journal of Manufacturing and Operations Management,1989(2):81-104.
19.Cohen M A,Lee H L,Strategic analysis of integrated production-distribution systems:models and methods[J].Operation Research,1988,36(2):216-228.
20. Donald J· Bowersox, David J· Closs, M· Bixby Cooper, Supply Chain Logistics Management, China Machine Press, 2004: 4.
21. Dong Li, Christopher O'Brien, Integrated decision modeling of supply efficiency [J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 1999(59):147-157.
22. Puke D F, Cohen M A, Performance characteristics of stochastic integrated production/ distribution systems [J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1993, 68(1): 23-48.
23. Ehap H, etc, A multi-objective approach to simultaneous strategic and operational planning in supply chain design [J]. The International Journal of Management Science, 2000(28):58 1-598.
24. Goos Kant, Michael Jacks, Corn(?) Aantjes, Coca-Cola Enterprises Optimizes Vehicle Routes for Efficient Product Delivery, Interfaces, 2008, 38(1): 40-50.
25. Gurnani H, A study of quantity discount pricing models with different ordering structures: Order coordination, order consolidation, and multi-tier ordering hierarchy [J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2001(3): 203-225.
26. Hartmut Stadtler, Christoph Kilger, Supply Chain Management and Advanced Planning, China Machine Press, 2002:84.
27. Jayashankar M. Swaminathan, Thomas R. Nitsch, Managing Product Variety in Automobile Assembly: The Importance of the Sequencing Point, Interfaces, 2007, 37(4):324-333.
28. Jennifer L. Loveland, Susan K. Monkman, Douglas J. Morrice, Dell Uses a New Production-Scheduling Algorithm to Accommodate Increased Product Variety, Interfaces, 2007, 37(43): 209-219.
29. Jeremy F· Shapiro, Modeling the Supply Chain, Citic Publishing House, 2005: 4-5.
30. Kadir E, Coordinating supply chain in decentralized environments: optimization auction and bargaining, theoretic models [R]. Industrial & Manufacturing System Department, Le high University, 2002.
31. Kathryn E. Stecke, Xuying Zhao, Production and Transportation Integration for a Make-to-Order Manufacturing Company with a Commit-to-Delivery Business Mode, MANUFACTURING & SERVICE OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT,2007, 9(2): 206-224.
32. Kent Everingham, Gary Polaski, Frederick Riedlin, Michael Shirk, Vinayak Deshpande, Ananth V. Iyer, Operations Research Enhances Supply Chain Management at the US Coast Guard Aircraft Repair and Supply Center, Interface, 2008, 38(1):61-75.
33. Kim B, etc, Configuring a manufacturing firm's supply network with multi suppliers [J]. HE Transactions, 2002(8): 663-677.
34. LiChen, Erica L. Plambeck, Dynamic Inventory Management with Learning about the Demand Distribution and Substitution Probability, MANUFACTURING & SERVICE OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT, 2007, 18:1-21.
35. Puke D F, Cohen M A, Performance characteristics of stochastic integrated production/ distribution systems [J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1993, 68(1): 23-48.
36. Refael Hassin, Sharon Mendel, Scheduling Arrivals to Queues: A Single-Server Model with No-Shows MANAGEMENT SCIENCE, 2008,54(3):565-572.
37. Saif Benjaafar, Yanzhi Li, Dongsheng Xu, Samir Elhedhli, Demand Allocation in Systems with Multiple Inventory Locations and Multiple Demand Sources, MANUFACTURING & SERVICE OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT, 2008, 10(1) : 43 - 60.
38. Sanjay L. Ahire, Michael F. Gorman, David Dwiggins, Oleh Mudry, Operations Research Helps Reshape Operations Strategy at Standard Register Company, Interface, 2007, 37(6):553-565.
39. Sergey Rumyantsev, Serguei Netessine, What Can Be Learned from Classical Inventory Models? A Cross-Industry Exploratory Investigation, MANUFACTURING & SERVICE OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT, 2007, 9(4): 409-429.
40. Svoronos A, Zipkin P, Evaluation of one-for-one replenishment policies for multi-echelon inventory systems [J]. Management Science, 1991, 37(1):68-83.
41. Yang-Ja Jang, etc, A combined model of network design and production/ distribution planning for a supply network [J]. Computer& Industrial Engineering, 2002, 43:263-281.
42. Zhiling Guo, Gary J. Koehler, Andrew B. Whinston, A Market-Based Optimization Algorithm for Distributed Systems, MANAGEMENT SCIENCE, 2007, 53(8):1345-1358.
2.程新章,供应链问题的文献综述,科技进步与对策,2006(10).
3.桂华明,马士华,运输能力柔性约束的供应链Pareto优化策略,工业工程与管理,2006(5).
4.姜大尉,按单定制供应链(BOSC)--戴尔公司如何实施Bose,软科学,2006,20(4).
5.李鑫,陈安,刘鲁,陈宁,供应链中生产和分销系统的库存结构优化研究,北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版),2001,09,14(3).
6.李晔,陈燕,基于缺货和产品损耗特性的最优化库存模型,大连海事大学学报,2005,11,31(4).
7.王志强,ATO型供应链协调集成决策模型生产规划与库存优化,河北省科学院学报,2007,9:24(3).
8.张雷,李董辉,供应链中多批次配送模型的优化,物流技术,2005,08.
9.张莉,供应链管理文献综述,煤炭经济研究,2004(11).
10.朱向顺,李仲兴,李锦飞,供应链中配送系统联合优化的数学模型,物流科技,120(28).
11.AJ.Clark H,Scarf H,Optimal policies for a multi-echelon inventory problem[J].Management Science,1960,6(4):475-490.
12.Artzen B C,etc,Global supply chain management at digital equipment corporation[J].Interfaces,1995(25):69-93.
13.Benita M,Supply chain design and analysis:Model and methods[J].International Journal of Production Economics,1998,55:281-294.
14.Cachon G P,Zipkin P H,Competitive and cooperative inventory policies in a two-stage supply chain [R].Fuqua School of Business,Duker University,1997.
15.Carom J D,Chorman T E,etc,Blending OR/MS,judgment,and GIS:Restructuring P&G's supply chain[J].Interfaces,1997,27(1):128-142.
16.Christy D P,Grout J R,Safeguarding supply chain relationships[J].International Journal of Production Economic,1994(36):233-242.
17.Cohen M A,Lee H L,Impact of production scale economics,manufacturing complexity,and transportation costs on supply chain facility networks[J].Journal of Manufacturing and Operation Management,1990(3):269-292.
18.Cohen M A,Lee H L,Resource deployment analysis of global manufacturing and distribution networks[J].Journal of Manufacturing and Operations Management,1989(2):81-104.
19.Cohen M A,Lee H L,Strategic analysis of integrated production-distribution systems:models and methods[J].Operation Research,1988,36(2):216-228.
20. Donald J· Bowersox, David J· Closs, M· Bixby Cooper, Supply Chain Logistics Management, China Machine Press, 2004: 4.
21. Dong Li, Christopher O'Brien, Integrated decision modeling of supply efficiency [J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 1999(59):147-157.
22. Puke D F, Cohen M A, Performance characteristics of stochastic integrated production/ distribution systems [J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1993, 68(1): 23-48.
23. Ehap H, etc, A multi-objective approach to simultaneous strategic and operational planning in supply chain design [J]. The International Journal of Management Science, 2000(28):58 1-598.
24. Goos Kant, Michael Jacks, Corn(?) Aantjes, Coca-Cola Enterprises Optimizes Vehicle Routes for Efficient Product Delivery, Interfaces, 2008, 38(1): 40-50.
25. Gurnani H, A study of quantity discount pricing models with different ordering structures: Order coordination, order consolidation, and multi-tier ordering hierarchy [J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2001(3): 203-225.
26. Hartmut Stadtler, Christoph Kilger, Supply Chain Management and Advanced Planning, China Machine Press, 2002:84.
27. Jayashankar M. Swaminathan, Thomas R. Nitsch, Managing Product Variety in Automobile Assembly: The Importance of the Sequencing Point, Interfaces, 2007, 37(4):324-333.
28. Jennifer L. Loveland, Susan K. Monkman, Douglas J. Morrice, Dell Uses a New Production-Scheduling Algorithm to Accommodate Increased Product Variety, Interfaces, 2007, 37(43): 209-219.
29. Jeremy F· Shapiro, Modeling the Supply Chain, Citic Publishing House, 2005: 4-5.
30. Kadir E, Coordinating supply chain in decentralized environments: optimization auction and bargaining, theoretic models [R]. Industrial & Manufacturing System Department, Le high University, 2002.
31. Kathryn E. Stecke, Xuying Zhao, Production and Transportation Integration for a Make-to-Order Manufacturing Company with a Commit-to-Delivery Business Mode, MANUFACTURING & SERVICE OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT,2007, 9(2): 206-224.
32. Kent Everingham, Gary Polaski, Frederick Riedlin, Michael Shirk, Vinayak Deshpande, Ananth V. Iyer, Operations Research Enhances Supply Chain Management at the US Coast Guard Aircraft Repair and Supply Center, Interface, 2008, 38(1):61-75.
33. Kim B, etc, Configuring a manufacturing firm's supply network with multi suppliers [J]. HE Transactions, 2002(8): 663-677.
34. LiChen, Erica L. Plambeck, Dynamic Inventory Management with Learning about the Demand Distribution and Substitution Probability, MANUFACTURING & SERVICE OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT, 2007, 18:1-21.
35. Puke D F, Cohen M A, Performance characteristics of stochastic integrated production/ distribution systems [J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1993, 68(1): 23-48.
36. Refael Hassin, Sharon Mendel, Scheduling Arrivals to Queues: A Single-Server Model with No-Shows MANAGEMENT SCIENCE, 2008,54(3):565-572.
37. Saif Benjaafar, Yanzhi Li, Dongsheng Xu, Samir Elhedhli, Demand Allocation in Systems with Multiple Inventory Locations and Multiple Demand Sources, MANUFACTURING & SERVICE OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT, 2008, 10(1) : 43 - 60.
38. Sanjay L. Ahire, Michael F. Gorman, David Dwiggins, Oleh Mudry, Operations Research Helps Reshape Operations Strategy at Standard Register Company, Interface, 2007, 37(6):553-565.
39. Sergey Rumyantsev, Serguei Netessine, What Can Be Learned from Classical Inventory Models? A Cross-Industry Exploratory Investigation, MANUFACTURING & SERVICE OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT, 2007, 9(4): 409-429.
40. Svoronos A, Zipkin P, Evaluation of one-for-one replenishment policies for multi-echelon inventory systems [J]. Management Science, 1991, 37(1):68-83.
41. Yang-Ja Jang, etc, A combined model of network design and production/ distribution planning for a supply network [J]. Computer& Industrial Engineering, 2002, 43:263-281.
42. Zhiling Guo, Gary J. Koehler, Andrew B. Whinston, A Market-Based Optimization Algorithm for Distributed Systems, MANAGEMENT SCIENCE, 2007, 53(8):1345-1358.