水轮发电机组转子动平衡数值仿真
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摘要
本文依托某水电站建设工程，综合考虑该电站用户当前与未来发展对电力负荷的需求，电站地质条件及工程规模等因素，科学规划设计该二级电站。给出了总体布置及详细的建筑物设计方案，确定了机电及金属结构，进行了经济效益评估。同时针对该电站水轮发电机组转子动不平衡现象，采用基于非线性转子动力学理论方法对机组动平衡进行了研究。分析了影响机组动平衡的各种因素，建立了机组转子的几何模型和力学模型，给出了相应的数值求解方案，搭建了整个研究系统的仿真平台，实现了机组转子动力行为的数值模拟。本文的主要工作如下：
首先，根据电站用户用电负荷预测结果及电站地质条件、工程规模等影响因素，对二级电站规划设计，给出了总体布置及详细的建筑物设计方案。工程总体由首部枢纽、引水渠、前池、压力钢管、主副厂房、尾水渠等建筑物组成，采用建坝和新开一段明渠的引水方式。依据系统规划容量、负荷增长速度和电网结构、水力动能特性等因素确定了水轮发电机组的选型，机电及金属结构布置方案。该电站共计装机1575KW，其中原一级电站装机575KW，二级电站新装机1000KW。结果表明该设计方案不仅可以满足电站用户的电力需求，并且可以取得良好的经济效益。
其次，为有效解决水轮发电机组转子在实际运行过程中的动不平衡问题，本文在考察轴流转桨式水轮发电机组立式伞式布置结构基础上，确定了机组几何尺寸，应用美国PLM公司商用软件UG建立了机组转子系统及其相应支撑系统的三维几何模型，包括总装图的三维模型及各个局部组装图的三维模型。在机组几何模型基础上，建立了转子系统、支撑系统的力学模型，进行了动力学特性研究，提出了转子系统与支撑系统的耦合方法。
最后，通过分析判断动力学模型的各种影响因素，对水轮发电机组主轴系统进行了简化，将非线性油膜力作为激励，构建了合理的水轮发电机组转子系统动平衡仿真平台。基于该仿真平台，对水轮机支持盖及导水锥体的动力学特性进行了分析。深入研究了机组导轴承的动力学特性，讨论了在不同轴颈转速、瓦块包角以及瓦块高度条件下瓦块的摆动运动对油膜力的影响。
如何合理布局、建设小型水电站以及多个电站间电力平衡调配是该地区目前面临的实际问题。由于该地区特殊的人文地理环境，小型水电站建设较适合解决当地的电力需求，因此本文规划设计工作对该地区同类电站的建设、改造具有一定的参考意义。
此外通过对水轮发电机组转子系统的研究，提出适应该电站的规划和检修方案。一方面科学合理利用了该地区丰富的水资源，解决了电站用户供电来源的问题。另一方面，由于水轮发电机组、汽轮发电机组、航空发动机等大型或高速旋转机械的转子系统的行为本质上具有很强的同质性，因此本文的研究结果对以上所列的高速转子系统的研究具有一定的借鉴意义。
The construction project of a hydropower station is taken as the background in this dissertation, and it's second class electricity station is scientifically planned and designed according to those factors, such as the practical needs and the future development of the user, the geotechnical conditions and project scale of the station et al. The whole lay and design methods of the building are given, in which machines and metal structures are determined, and economical value of the station are given. Rotor balancing of hydraulic power sets is studied by the nonlinear rotor-dynamics theory, the lots of factors are analyzed, and the geometry and mechanics models are created. The methods and results of the numerical simulation are proposed. The solver of the dynamics and dynamic balance are compiled, and the corresponding calculation work are completed based on the system simulation platform. The major works in the dissertation are as the following:
Firstly, according to the power load forecasting results of the user and some influencing factors, the comprehensive planning and design of the second class electricity station are proposed. A second class electricity station with two generators of 500KW, up to 1000KW totally, is planed to build. With the former 575 KW, it reaches 1575 KW. According to the big slope of the river basin and the small winter runoff, we decided to build a dam and dig a new channel to get in the water. The engineering is made up with head hinge, diversion canal, fore bay, steel penstock, lord factory building, and the tail channel. According to the planning system capacity, the growth velocity of the charge, the power net structure and the kinetic energy of water, With the construction of this second class electricity, it can not only satisfy the electrical power need of the user, and it will also obtain a good economic benefit.
Secondly, to effectively solve the balance problems in the actual running process, the mathematical model and geometry model of turbine rotor system are established and the rotor system are numerical simulated. Through the analysis of the supporting type and details structure, the 2D structural map is completed, the size and type of structural are determined, which lay the solid foundation for the creating the 3D model of the rotor system. The type of the second class electricity station is Kaplan hydro-generating unit, of which is vertical umbrella layout structure. The 3D drawing of the rotor system and its corresponding supporting are completed by UG.
Finally, through the analysis of various factors affecting the dynamic model of hydro-generating, spindle system is simplified, the reasonable simulation platform of turbine rotor dynamic balance system is constructed, in which nonlinear oil film is incentive. Based on the simulation platform, the dynamic characteristics of the support and water cone are analyzed.
The main problems on station construction in the region are the reasonable layout and the power balanced allocating between the power stations. The small hydropower is more suitable for the region due to its special geographical environment. Aiming at the second class electricity station, the overall planning and design of similar hydropower is made, which is of the certain reference significance for the similar power station construction.
Through research of the turbine generator rotor system, the planning and maintenance methods are presented.The problem which the second class electricity station as the power source of the user is solved, promoting the economic development of the region, and accelerating the southwest China, northwest and adjacent areas of economic development. On the other hand, because of hydro-generator units, steam turbo set, aviation engine etc. Large or high-speed rotating mechanical behavior of the rotor system essentially strong homogeneity, this article studies on the above-mentioned high-speed rotor system with many of the significance of research.
首先，根据电站用户用电负荷预测结果及电站地质条件、工程规模等影响因素，对二级电站规划设计，给出了总体布置及详细的建筑物设计方案。工程总体由首部枢纽、引水渠、前池、压力钢管、主副厂房、尾水渠等建筑物组成，采用建坝和新开一段明渠的引水方式。依据系统规划容量、负荷增长速度和电网结构、水力动能特性等因素确定了水轮发电机组的选型，机电及金属结构布置方案。该电站共计装机1575KW，其中原一级电站装机575KW，二级电站新装机1000KW。结果表明该设计方案不仅可以满足电站用户的电力需求，并且可以取得良好的经济效益。
其次，为有效解决水轮发电机组转子在实际运行过程中的动不平衡问题，本文在考察轴流转桨式水轮发电机组立式伞式布置结构基础上，确定了机组几何尺寸，应用美国PLM公司商用软件UG建立了机组转子系统及其相应支撑系统的三维几何模型，包括总装图的三维模型及各个局部组装图的三维模型。在机组几何模型基础上，建立了转子系统、支撑系统的力学模型，进行了动力学特性研究，提出了转子系统与支撑系统的耦合方法。
最后，通过分析判断动力学模型的各种影响因素，对水轮发电机组主轴系统进行了简化，将非线性油膜力作为激励，构建了合理的水轮发电机组转子系统动平衡仿真平台。基于该仿真平台，对水轮机支持盖及导水锥体的动力学特性进行了分析。深入研究了机组导轴承的动力学特性，讨论了在不同轴颈转速、瓦块包角以及瓦块高度条件下瓦块的摆动运动对油膜力的影响。
如何合理布局、建设小型水电站以及多个电站间电力平衡调配是该地区目前面临的实际问题。由于该地区特殊的人文地理环境，小型水电站建设较适合解决当地的电力需求，因此本文规划设计工作对该地区同类电站的建设、改造具有一定的参考意义。
此外通过对水轮发电机组转子系统的研究，提出适应该电站的规划和检修方案。一方面科学合理利用了该地区丰富的水资源，解决了电站用户供电来源的问题。另一方面，由于水轮发电机组、汽轮发电机组、航空发动机等大型或高速旋转机械的转子系统的行为本质上具有很强的同质性，因此本文的研究结果对以上所列的高速转子系统的研究具有一定的借鉴意义。
The construction project of a hydropower station is taken as the background in this dissertation, and it's second class electricity station is scientifically planned and designed according to those factors, such as the practical needs and the future development of the user, the geotechnical conditions and project scale of the station et al. The whole lay and design methods of the building are given, in which machines and metal structures are determined, and economical value of the station are given. Rotor balancing of hydraulic power sets is studied by the nonlinear rotor-dynamics theory, the lots of factors are analyzed, and the geometry and mechanics models are created. The methods and results of the numerical simulation are proposed. The solver of the dynamics and dynamic balance are compiled, and the corresponding calculation work are completed based on the system simulation platform. The major works in the dissertation are as the following:
Firstly, according to the power load forecasting results of the user and some influencing factors, the comprehensive planning and design of the second class electricity station are proposed. A second class electricity station with two generators of 500KW, up to 1000KW totally, is planed to build. With the former 575 KW, it reaches 1575 KW. According to the big slope of the river basin and the small winter runoff, we decided to build a dam and dig a new channel to get in the water. The engineering is made up with head hinge, diversion canal, fore bay, steel penstock, lord factory building, and the tail channel. According to the planning system capacity, the growth velocity of the charge, the power net structure and the kinetic energy of water, With the construction of this second class electricity, it can not only satisfy the electrical power need of the user, and it will also obtain a good economic benefit.
Secondly, to effectively solve the balance problems in the actual running process, the mathematical model and geometry model of turbine rotor system are established and the rotor system are numerical simulated. Through the analysis of the supporting type and details structure, the 2D structural map is completed, the size and type of structural are determined, which lay the solid foundation for the creating the 3D model of the rotor system. The type of the second class electricity station is Kaplan hydro-generating unit, of which is vertical umbrella layout structure. The 3D drawing of the rotor system and its corresponding supporting are completed by UG.
Finally, through the analysis of various factors affecting the dynamic model of hydro-generating, spindle system is simplified, the reasonable simulation platform of turbine rotor dynamic balance system is constructed, in which nonlinear oil film is incentive. Based on the simulation platform, the dynamic characteristics of the support and water cone are analyzed.
The main problems on station construction in the region are the reasonable layout and the power balanced allocating between the power stations. The small hydropower is more suitable for the region due to its special geographical environment. Aiming at the second class electricity station, the overall planning and design of similar hydropower is made, which is of the certain reference significance for the similar power station construction.
Through research of the turbine generator rotor system, the planning and maintenance methods are presented.The problem which the second class electricity station as the power source of the user is solved, promoting the economic development of the region, and accelerating the southwest China, northwest and adjacent areas of economic development. On the other hand, because of hydro-generator units, steam turbo set, aviation engine etc. Large or high-speed rotating mechanical behavior of the rotor system essentially strong homogeneity, this article studies on the above-mentioned high-speed rotor system with many of the significance of research.
引文
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