二氧化硅的形貌调控及其吸附性能研究
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摘要
全球气候变化是人类迄今面临的最重大环境问题,也是21世纪人类面临的最复杂挑战之一。化石燃料燃烧排放的CO2是造成全球气候变化的主要原因,对全球变暖的贡献率已超过了60%。在众多捕集工业废气中CO2的技术中,吸附分离是最有效的技术之一,而且一直备受研究者的青睐。而在吸附分离技术中,研发具有高吸附容量、高选择性和良好循环利用性能的CO2吸附剂成为技术的关键。在研发的各类CO2吸附剂中,以氨基修饰的介孔材料最受关注,因为其具有高比表面积、大孔容、孔径可调等优点,在CO2吸附、分离及存储等领域展现了广阔的应用前景。
另一方面,甲醛是一种常见的室内空气污染物,长期处于含有甲醛的环境中,即使是在很低浓度(低于1ppm)下也对人体的健康不利,因此室内空气污染已经成为了重要的社会问题。吸附,洗气和高级氧化技术已经运用于去除空气中挥发性有机化合物(VOCs),比如甲醛和丙酮。在上述方法中,吸附法是一种更简便而且有效的去除气体甲醛的方法。本论文主要工作包括以下内容：
1)氨基功能化单分散多孔SiO2微球的制备及其CO2吸附性能研究。氨基功能化单分散多孔SiO2微球是通过在水-乙醇-十二胺的混合溶液中将正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)进行水解和缩合反应,并在600℃下煅烧,最后利用四乙烯五胺(TEPA)进行表面功能化制备得到的。样品的CO2吸附性能是通过Chemisorb2720脉冲化学吸附系统进行分析。结果显示,煅烧温度对SiO2微球的比表面积,孔体积和孔径都有着显著的影响。随着煅烧温度的升高,比表面积和孔体积增大,而孔径随之减小。600℃下煅烧的SiO2微球的比表面积和孔体积分别达到921m2/g和0.48cm3/g。在氨基功能化之后,样品的比表面积和孔体积大幅度降低,分别降至34m2/g和0.08cm3/g,这是由于孔道被TEPA分子填充引起的。所有TEPA功能化的样品表现出了优良的CO2吸附性能,其CO2吸附性能与样品的TEPA负载量,吸附温度和比表面积有关。最佳的TEPA负载量(34wt%)和吸附温度(75℃)得到确定,在600℃下煅烧和TEPA负载量为34wt%时的SiO2样品拥有最大的C02吸附量(4.27mmol g-1吸附剂)。本研究将为设计和合成捕获CO2的新型多孔吸附材料提供新的视野。
2)表面氨基修饰双峰分布多孔二氧化硅空心微球的制备及其CO2吸附性能研究。通过水热法合成了具有高比表面积的双峰分布大孔/介孔SiO2空心球(BMSHS),以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和全氟十二烷酸(PFDOA)作为共模板剂,并研究CTAB/PFDOA的质量比对样品物理性能的影响,利用四乙烯五胺(TEPA)进一步修饰所制备的样品,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、差热分析(DTA)、热重分析(TGA)和N2吸附脱附来进行结构表征,样品的CO2吸附性能是用纯的CO2气体在35-130℃下进行CO2吸附表征的。实验结果表明,所制备的样品均含有峰孔值在约3-4nm的介孔和峰孔值约在103到117nm间的大孔。这些介孔和大孔分别来自于空心球的壳层和空腔。R值对比表面积有显著的影响,当R值增大时,比表面积随之增大。所有TEPA修饰过的样品均表现出优良的CO2吸附性能,CO2吸附性能与样品的TEPA负载量,吸附温度和比表面积有关。最佳的TEPA负载量和吸附温度分别约为50wt%和110℃,而且CO2吸附量是与比表面积成正比的。在R=40和TEPA负载量为50wt%时所制备得到的BMSHS样品拥有最大的CO2吸附量(4.41mmol g-1吸附剂)。
3)分等级二氧化硅空心微管的生物模板法合成及其甲醛吸附性能。二氧化硅空心管是以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB);和生物模板杨絮(PC)作为共模板,通过水热法并改变PC/SiO2质量比R制备得到的,所制备的样品运用四乙烯五胺(TEPA)来进行修饰,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、差热分析(DTA)、热重分析(TGA)和N2吸附脱附对样品的微结构来进行表征,样品的甲醛吸附性能在常温常压下进行吸附测试。实验结果表明,所有样品均含有峰孔径约在2.5nm的介孔,这些介孔来源于空心微管的管壁,PC/SiO2的质量比R对样品的比表面积有着重要的影响,且样品P0.3具有最大的比表面积(896m2/g),所有负载TEPA的样品均表现出优异的甲醛吸附性能,甲醛吸附性能取决于样品的功能化的氨基官能团和比表面积,甲醛的吸附量与比表面积成正比关系。样品P0.3-50拥有最大的甲醛吸附量(20.65mg/g吸附剂)。
4)ZrO2空心球的制备及其对刚果红的吸附性能研究。具有分等级结构的ZrO2空心微球是通过简单的水热方法制备得到,以氯氧化锆为原料,将其均匀分散在含有尿素、盐酸和乙醇的溶液中,通过调节水热时间即可得到Zr02空心微球和实心球；所制备样品的微结构通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、氮气吸附脱附来进行结构表征；并通过吸附水溶液中的刚果红来表征样品的吸附性能。分别用准一级,准二级和颗粒内扩散动力学模型来拟合样品的吸附动力学数据。准二级动力学和颗粒内扩散模型能更好地描述样品的吸附动力学。用Langmuir和Freundlich模型来分析所制备样品吸附刚果红的吸附平衡数据发现,Langmuir模型与实验数据符合得更好。通过Langmuir公式计算得到ZrO2空心球在30℃时对刚果红的最大吸附量(qmax)为59.5mg g-。与ZrO2实心球和试剂相比,ZrO2空心球对刚果红较高的最大吸附量是由于ZrO2空心微球具有较大的比表面积引起的。
The global climate change is the most critical environmental problem and is also one of the most complicated challenges facing to the whole mankind. CO2emission from fossil fuels combustion contributes to more than60%of the global climate change, which has been the main reason that results in the global climate change. Adsorption-based separation is considered to be one of the most effective technologies to capture CO2from industrial emissions. It is of great importance to develop an efficient CO2sorbent with a high CO2adsorption capacity, a high selectivity, and a long-term regeneration property, In recent years, among various types of CO2capture sorbents, amino-functionalized mesoporous silicas have attracted much attention due to their high surface area, large pore volume, tunable pore size, and high selectivity for CO2adsorption.
The purification technology for removing indoor formaldehyde is of great importance because indoor air pollution has become an important social issue with increasing desire to improve the quality of life. Adsorption, scrubbing, and advanced oxidation have been applied to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air, such as formaldehyde and toluene. Among the above methods, adsorption is a simpler and more effective method to remove gaseous formaldehyde. The point can be summarized as follows:
1) Fabrication of amine-functionalized monodispersed porous silica microspheres for efficient CO2adsorption. Amine-functionalized monodispersed porous silica microspheres (MPSM) were prepared by the hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in a water-ethanol-dodecylamine mixed solution, then calcined at600℃and finally functionalized with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA). The CO2adsorption performance of the samples was measured using a Chemisorb2720pulse chemisorption system (Micromeritics, USA). The results showed that calcination temperatures had an obvious influence on the specific surface area, pore volume and pore size of SiO2microspheres. With increasing calcination temperatures, the specific surface area and pore volume increased and pore size decreased. The specific surface area and pore volume of 600℃-calcined SiO2microspheres reached921m2/g and0.48cm3/g, respectively. After surface amine functionalization, the specific surface area and pore volume of the samples drastically decreased and respectively decreased to34m2/g and0.08cm3/g, due to the filling of pore by TEPA molecules. All the TEPA-functionalized samples exhibited good CO2adsorption performance, which were related to the amount of loaded TEPA, adsorption temperature, and the specific surface areas of the samples. A optimal TEPA loading amount (34wt%) and adsorption temperature (75℃) were determined. The maximum CO2adsorption amount (4.27mmol g'1adsorbent) was achieved on the600℃-calcined SiO2microsphere sample with TEPA loading of34wt%. Repeated adsorption/desorption cycle experiments revealed that the TEPA-functionalized SrO2microspheres are good adsorbents for CO2with good cyclic stability.
2) Fabrication and CO2adsorption performance of bimodal porous silica hollow spheres with amine-modified surfaces. Amine-functionalized monodispersed porous silica microspheres (MPSM) were prepared by the hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in a water-ethanol-dodecylamine mixed solution, then calcined at600℃and finally functionalized with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA). The CO2adsorption performance of the samples was measured using a Chemisorb2720pulse chemisorption system (Micromeritics, USA). The results showed that calcination temperatures had an obvious influence on the specific surface area, pore volume and pore size of SiO2microspheres. With increasing calcination temperatures, the specific surface area and pore volume increased and pore size decreased. The specific surface area and pore volume of600℃-calcined SiO2microspheres reached921m2/g and0.48cm3/g, respectively. After surface amine functionalization, the specific surface area and pore volume of the samples drastically decreased and respectively decreased to34m2/g and0.08cm3/g, due to the filling of pore by TEPA molecules. All the TEPA-functionalized samples exhibited good CO2adsorption performance, which were related to the amount of loaded TEPA, adsorption temperature, and the specific surface areas of the samples. A optimal TEPA loading amount (34wt%) and adsorption temperature (75℃) were determined. The maximum CO2adsorption amount (4.27mmol g-1adsorbent) was achieved on the600℃-calcined SiO2microsphere sample with TEPA loading of34wt%. Repeated adsorption/desorption cycle experiments revealed that the TEPA-functionalized SiO2microspheres are good adsorbents for CO2with good cyclic stability.
3) Silica hollow tubes were synthesized by a hydrothermal method using Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and biological template poplar catkin (PC) as cotemplates and the PC/SiO2weight ratio R was varied. The prepared samples were further modified with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and N2physisorption techniques. This was followed by formaldehyde tests at ambient temperature. The results showed that all of the prepared samples contained small mesopores with a peak pore size at ca.2.5nm. The mesopores are found in the hollow tubes. The PC/SiO2weight ratio R exhibited a significant influence on specific surface areas, the P0.3sample has highest specific surface area (896m2/g). All of the TEPA-loaded samples exhibited good formaldehyde adsorption abilities. The results indicated that the formaldehyde adsorption capacity was dependent on the amine group functionalized and the specific surface areas of the samples. The formaldehyde adsorption amount increased proportionally with the specific surface areas. The maximum formaldehyde adsorption amount (20.65mg/g adsorbent) was achieved on the PO.3-50sample. The present study opens new avenues for the utilization of bio-template used for the fabrication of mesoporous hollow tubes. The present study will provides new insight into the design and synthesis of novel porous adsorption materials with high-performance for indoor air cleanup.
4) Synthesis of ZrO2hollow spheres and its adsorption kinetics and isotherms to Congo red in water. ZrO2hollow microspheres with hierarchical structures were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The experiments were carried out in a batch system. In this work, the equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic data of the Congo red dye adsorption on ZrO2hollow spheres are studied and compared with ZrO2solid spheres and reagents. ZrO2hollow spheres and ZrO2solid spheres are fabricated by a hydrothermal reaction of zirconium oxychloride in the presence of urea, hydrochloric acid, and ethanol at different temperatures, respectively. Adsorption of Congo red onto the as-prepared samples is investigated and discussed. The adsorption kinetic data are modeled using the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion kinetics equations, indicating that pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and intra-particle diffusion model can better describe the adsorption kinetics. Furthermore, adsorption equilibrium data of Congo red on the as-prepared samples are analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich models, suggesting that the Langmuir model provides the better correlation of the experimental data. The adsorption capacities (qmax) of Congo red on ZrO2hollow spheres at30℃determined using the Langmuir equation is59.5mg g-1. The larger adsorption capacities of Congo red for ZrO2hollow spheres versus ZrO2solid spheres and reagents are attributed to its higher specific surface areas. The present work will provide new understanding on the adsorption process and mechanism of Congo red molecules onto ZrO2hollow spheres.
另一方面,甲醛是一种常见的室内空气污染物,长期处于含有甲醛的环境中,即使是在很低浓度(低于1ppm)下也对人体的健康不利,因此室内空气污染已经成为了重要的社会问题。吸附,洗气和高级氧化技术已经运用于去除空气中挥发性有机化合物(VOCs),比如甲醛和丙酮。在上述方法中,吸附法是一种更简便而且有效的去除气体甲醛的方法。本论文主要工作包括以下内容：
1)氨基功能化单分散多孔SiO2微球的制备及其CO2吸附性能研究。氨基功能化单分散多孔SiO2微球是通过在水-乙醇-十二胺的混合溶液中将正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)进行水解和缩合反应,并在600℃下煅烧,最后利用四乙烯五胺(TEPA)进行表面功能化制备得到的。样品的CO2吸附性能是通过Chemisorb2720脉冲化学吸附系统进行分析。结果显示,煅烧温度对SiO2微球的比表面积,孔体积和孔径都有着显著的影响。随着煅烧温度的升高,比表面积和孔体积增大,而孔径随之减小。600℃下煅烧的SiO2微球的比表面积和孔体积分别达到921m2/g和0.48cm3/g。在氨基功能化之后,样品的比表面积和孔体积大幅度降低,分别降至34m2/g和0.08cm3/g,这是由于孔道被TEPA分子填充引起的。所有TEPA功能化的样品表现出了优良的CO2吸附性能,其CO2吸附性能与样品的TEPA负载量,吸附温度和比表面积有关。最佳的TEPA负载量(34wt%)和吸附温度(75℃)得到确定,在600℃下煅烧和TEPA负载量为34wt%时的SiO2样品拥有最大的C02吸附量(4.27mmol g-1吸附剂)。本研究将为设计和合成捕获CO2的新型多孔吸附材料提供新的视野。
2)表面氨基修饰双峰分布多孔二氧化硅空心微球的制备及其CO2吸附性能研究。通过水热法合成了具有高比表面积的双峰分布大孔/介孔SiO2空心球(BMSHS),以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和全氟十二烷酸(PFDOA)作为共模板剂,并研究CTAB/PFDOA的质量比对样品物理性能的影响,利用四乙烯五胺(TEPA)进一步修饰所制备的样品,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、差热分析(DTA)、热重分析(TGA)和N2吸附脱附来进行结构表征,样品的CO2吸附性能是用纯的CO2气体在35-130℃下进行CO2吸附表征的。实验结果表明,所制备的样品均含有峰孔值在约3-4nm的介孔和峰孔值约在103到117nm间的大孔。这些介孔和大孔分别来自于空心球的壳层和空腔。R值对比表面积有显著的影响,当R值增大时,比表面积随之增大。所有TEPA修饰过的样品均表现出优良的CO2吸附性能,CO2吸附性能与样品的TEPA负载量,吸附温度和比表面积有关。最佳的TEPA负载量和吸附温度分别约为50wt%和110℃,而且CO2吸附量是与比表面积成正比的。在R=40和TEPA负载量为50wt%时所制备得到的BMSHS样品拥有最大的CO2吸附量(4.41mmol g-1吸附剂)。
3)分等级二氧化硅空心微管的生物模板法合成及其甲醛吸附性能。二氧化硅空心管是以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB);和生物模板杨絮(PC)作为共模板,通过水热法并改变PC/SiO2质量比R制备得到的,所制备的样品运用四乙烯五胺(TEPA)来进行修饰,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、差热分析(DTA)、热重分析(TGA)和N2吸附脱附对样品的微结构来进行表征,样品的甲醛吸附性能在常温常压下进行吸附测试。实验结果表明,所有样品均含有峰孔径约在2.5nm的介孔,这些介孔来源于空心微管的管壁,PC/SiO2的质量比R对样品的比表面积有着重要的影响,且样品P0.3具有最大的比表面积(896m2/g),所有负载TEPA的样品均表现出优异的甲醛吸附性能,甲醛吸附性能取决于样品的功能化的氨基官能团和比表面积,甲醛的吸附量与比表面积成正比关系。样品P0.3-50拥有最大的甲醛吸附量(20.65mg/g吸附剂)。
4)ZrO2空心球的制备及其对刚果红的吸附性能研究。具有分等级结构的ZrO2空心微球是通过简单的水热方法制备得到,以氯氧化锆为原料,将其均匀分散在含有尿素、盐酸和乙醇的溶液中,通过调节水热时间即可得到Zr02空心微球和实心球；所制备样品的微结构通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、氮气吸附脱附来进行结构表征；并通过吸附水溶液中的刚果红来表征样品的吸附性能。分别用准一级,准二级和颗粒内扩散动力学模型来拟合样品的吸附动力学数据。准二级动力学和颗粒内扩散模型能更好地描述样品的吸附动力学。用Langmuir和Freundlich模型来分析所制备样品吸附刚果红的吸附平衡数据发现,Langmuir模型与实验数据符合得更好。通过Langmuir公式计算得到ZrO2空心球在30℃时对刚果红的最大吸附量(qmax)为59.5mg g-。与ZrO2实心球和试剂相比,ZrO2空心球对刚果红较高的最大吸附量是由于ZrO2空心微球具有较大的比表面积引起的。
The global climate change is the most critical environmental problem and is also one of the most complicated challenges facing to the whole mankind. CO2emission from fossil fuels combustion contributes to more than60%of the global climate change, which has been the main reason that results in the global climate change. Adsorption-based separation is considered to be one of the most effective technologies to capture CO2from industrial emissions. It is of great importance to develop an efficient CO2sorbent with a high CO2adsorption capacity, a high selectivity, and a long-term regeneration property, In recent years, among various types of CO2capture sorbents, amino-functionalized mesoporous silicas have attracted much attention due to their high surface area, large pore volume, tunable pore size, and high selectivity for CO2adsorption.
The purification technology for removing indoor formaldehyde is of great importance because indoor air pollution has become an important social issue with increasing desire to improve the quality of life. Adsorption, scrubbing, and advanced oxidation have been applied to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air, such as formaldehyde and toluene. Among the above methods, adsorption is a simpler and more effective method to remove gaseous formaldehyde. The point can be summarized as follows:
1) Fabrication of amine-functionalized monodispersed porous silica microspheres for efficient CO2adsorption. Amine-functionalized monodispersed porous silica microspheres (MPSM) were prepared by the hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in a water-ethanol-dodecylamine mixed solution, then calcined at600℃and finally functionalized with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA). The CO2adsorption performance of the samples was measured using a Chemisorb2720pulse chemisorption system (Micromeritics, USA). The results showed that calcination temperatures had an obvious influence on the specific surface area, pore volume and pore size of SiO2microspheres. With increasing calcination temperatures, the specific surface area and pore volume increased and pore size decreased. The specific surface area and pore volume of 600℃-calcined SiO2microspheres reached921m2/g and0.48cm3/g, respectively. After surface amine functionalization, the specific surface area and pore volume of the samples drastically decreased and respectively decreased to34m2/g and0.08cm3/g, due to the filling of pore by TEPA molecules. All the TEPA-functionalized samples exhibited good CO2adsorption performance, which were related to the amount of loaded TEPA, adsorption temperature, and the specific surface areas of the samples. A optimal TEPA loading amount (34wt%) and adsorption temperature (75℃) were determined. The maximum CO2adsorption amount (4.27mmol g'1adsorbent) was achieved on the600℃-calcined SiO2microsphere sample with TEPA loading of34wt%. Repeated adsorption/desorption cycle experiments revealed that the TEPA-functionalized SrO2microspheres are good adsorbents for CO2with good cyclic stability.
2) Fabrication and CO2adsorption performance of bimodal porous silica hollow spheres with amine-modified surfaces. Amine-functionalized monodispersed porous silica microspheres (MPSM) were prepared by the hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in a water-ethanol-dodecylamine mixed solution, then calcined at600℃and finally functionalized with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA). The CO2adsorption performance of the samples was measured using a Chemisorb2720pulse chemisorption system (Micromeritics, USA). The results showed that calcination temperatures had an obvious influence on the specific surface area, pore volume and pore size of SiO2microspheres. With increasing calcination temperatures, the specific surface area and pore volume increased and pore size decreased. The specific surface area and pore volume of600℃-calcined SiO2microspheres reached921m2/g and0.48cm3/g, respectively. After surface amine functionalization, the specific surface area and pore volume of the samples drastically decreased and respectively decreased to34m2/g and0.08cm3/g, due to the filling of pore by TEPA molecules. All the TEPA-functionalized samples exhibited good CO2adsorption performance, which were related to the amount of loaded TEPA, adsorption temperature, and the specific surface areas of the samples. A optimal TEPA loading amount (34wt%) and adsorption temperature (75℃) were determined. The maximum CO2adsorption amount (4.27mmol g-1adsorbent) was achieved on the600℃-calcined SiO2microsphere sample with TEPA loading of34wt%. Repeated adsorption/desorption cycle experiments revealed that the TEPA-functionalized SiO2microspheres are good adsorbents for CO2with good cyclic stability.
3) Silica hollow tubes were synthesized by a hydrothermal method using Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and biological template poplar catkin (PC) as cotemplates and the PC/SiO2weight ratio R was varied. The prepared samples were further modified with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and N2physisorption techniques. This was followed by formaldehyde tests at ambient temperature. The results showed that all of the prepared samples contained small mesopores with a peak pore size at ca.2.5nm. The mesopores are found in the hollow tubes. The PC/SiO2weight ratio R exhibited a significant influence on specific surface areas, the P0.3sample has highest specific surface area (896m2/g). All of the TEPA-loaded samples exhibited good formaldehyde adsorption abilities. The results indicated that the formaldehyde adsorption capacity was dependent on the amine group functionalized and the specific surface areas of the samples. The formaldehyde adsorption amount increased proportionally with the specific surface areas. The maximum formaldehyde adsorption amount (20.65mg/g adsorbent) was achieved on the PO.3-50sample. The present study opens new avenues for the utilization of bio-template used for the fabrication of mesoporous hollow tubes. The present study will provides new insight into the design and synthesis of novel porous adsorption materials with high-performance for indoor air cleanup.
4) Synthesis of ZrO2hollow spheres and its adsorption kinetics and isotherms to Congo red in water. ZrO2hollow microspheres with hierarchical structures were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The experiments were carried out in a batch system. In this work, the equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic data of the Congo red dye adsorption on ZrO2hollow spheres are studied and compared with ZrO2solid spheres and reagents. ZrO2hollow spheres and ZrO2solid spheres are fabricated by a hydrothermal reaction of zirconium oxychloride in the presence of urea, hydrochloric acid, and ethanol at different temperatures, respectively. Adsorption of Congo red onto the as-prepared samples is investigated and discussed. The adsorption kinetic data are modeled using the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion kinetics equations, indicating that pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and intra-particle diffusion model can better describe the adsorption kinetics. Furthermore, adsorption equilibrium data of Congo red on the as-prepared samples are analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich models, suggesting that the Langmuir model provides the better correlation of the experimental data. The adsorption capacities (qmax) of Congo red on ZrO2hollow spheres at30℃determined using the Langmuir equation is59.5mg g-1. The larger adsorption capacities of Congo red for ZrO2hollow spheres versus ZrO2solid spheres and reagents are attributed to its higher specific surface areas. The present work will provide new understanding on the adsorption process and mechanism of Congo red molecules onto ZrO2hollow spheres.
引文
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