基于统计能量分析的车体结构辐射噪声的分析与仿真计算
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摘要
随着铁路客车的不断提速,车厢内的噪声也随之增加,而实践证明车厢内的噪声还没有达到所规定的指标,车厢内部噪声问题凸显出来。本论文以铁路客车车厢结构为载体,应用统计能量的理论和方法,通过数值仿真,实现对轨道车辆车厢的声学和结构动力学建模,预测车体内场的声学环境。
本文首先在综述大量相关文献的基础上,系统总结了统计能量分析法的发展简史和研究现状。并在此基础上,研究了统计能量分析的基本假设和适用范围,二子系统和多重子系统的统计能量分析模型的建立以及对一个系统进行统计能量分析的一般步骤。
其次讨论了有关噪声方面的知识和噪声的定义,以及一些在振动噪声仿真预测中常用的名词术语,应用这些知识简单阐述了噪声的分类以及其对环境和人类造成的危害,同时也对噪声的评价以及噪声控制的一般方法进行了探讨。
再次以加筋板为例,研究了通过改变筋板的形式和位置,实现降低结构噪声辐射的目的。加筋薄板是在工程实际中经常用到的一种减振降噪的结构形式。本文对加筋板结构的振动和声辐射特性进行了研究,在统计能量分析原理的基础上对薄板在何位置加筋以及何种几何形状的筋的减振降噪效果进行了深入研究,定性的得出以激励通过加筋位置、槽形截面筋板的综合性能指标能较好地符合工程上的需要。
最后建立车体的振动噪声仿真模型,在此基础上对车体模型进行仿真预测,得出了车体内部的噪声级,影响车体噪声的主要传播路径,同时应用上面所研究的结果,将模型采用加筋板的形式再进行预测仿真计算,与原模型进行对比,得出采用加筋板形式可以有效地降低车体的结构噪声。最后提及了一些具体的如增加板厚度和选择阻尼损耗因子较大的阻尼材料等内场降低噪声的控制措施。
With increase of speed of the train passenger, the noise of the interior of the track vehicles is increasing, too. This paper chose the compartment as platform, use statistical energy theory and method, simulate compartment’s acoustics and structural dynamics model and forecast the interior acoustic environment of compartment.
Firstly, a systematic study of lots of paper is made,developing history and recent status home and abroad of statistical energy analysis are introduced. The study of fundamental assumption, application scope and model of two-subsystem and multiple-subsystem of statistical energy analysis are made. Then general procedure of statistical energy analysis is introduced.
Secondly, the knowledge about noise is introduced, simply introduce the definition of the noise, and the terminologies about the noise in the reducing vibration and noise, discuss the category and harm for the environment and human of the noise with these knowledge. At the same time, introduce the noise assessment and the generic way of noise control.
Thirdly, analyze the way of reducing noise, and choose the stiffened plate to study to achieve reducing noise. The stiffened plate is the better way in the reducing noise based on the statistical energy analysis in the engineering object. Here the study of the stiffened plate is made, and study the position of the stiffeners and the geometrical shape of the stiffeners in the plate which is better in the reducing the vibration and noise. The result is the position which the excitation must through the stiffener is better, and the trough stiffener having better effect under the synthesized target.
Finally, the model of the track vehicles` bodywork structure is established, and then based on the model simulate and predict the noise level of the interior of the track vehicles, obtain the noise level of the model and the way to affect the interior noise of the track vehicles. At the same time apply the previous result——about the position and the geometry shape of the stiffeners in the model that established, then simulate and predict, compare the result with the former,know that the stiffened plate can efficiently reduce the noise level of the track vehicles. At last some measurement to reduce the noise is suggested,such as increasing plates’thickness and choosing material with large damping loss factor.
本文首先在综述大量相关文献的基础上,系统总结了统计能量分析法的发展简史和研究现状。并在此基础上,研究了统计能量分析的基本假设和适用范围,二子系统和多重子系统的统计能量分析模型的建立以及对一个系统进行统计能量分析的一般步骤。
其次讨论了有关噪声方面的知识和噪声的定义,以及一些在振动噪声仿真预测中常用的名词术语,应用这些知识简单阐述了噪声的分类以及其对环境和人类造成的危害,同时也对噪声的评价以及噪声控制的一般方法进行了探讨。
再次以加筋板为例,研究了通过改变筋板的形式和位置,实现降低结构噪声辐射的目的。加筋薄板是在工程实际中经常用到的一种减振降噪的结构形式。本文对加筋板结构的振动和声辐射特性进行了研究,在统计能量分析原理的基础上对薄板在何位置加筋以及何种几何形状的筋的减振降噪效果进行了深入研究,定性的得出以激励通过加筋位置、槽形截面筋板的综合性能指标能较好地符合工程上的需要。
最后建立车体的振动噪声仿真模型,在此基础上对车体模型进行仿真预测,得出了车体内部的噪声级,影响车体噪声的主要传播路径,同时应用上面所研究的结果,将模型采用加筋板的形式再进行预测仿真计算,与原模型进行对比,得出采用加筋板形式可以有效地降低车体的结构噪声。最后提及了一些具体的如增加板厚度和选择阻尼损耗因子较大的阻尼材料等内场降低噪声的控制措施。
With increase of speed of the train passenger, the noise of the interior of the track vehicles is increasing, too. This paper chose the compartment as platform, use statistical energy theory and method, simulate compartment’s acoustics and structural dynamics model and forecast the interior acoustic environment of compartment.
Firstly, a systematic study of lots of paper is made,developing history and recent status home and abroad of statistical energy analysis are introduced. The study of fundamental assumption, application scope and model of two-subsystem and multiple-subsystem of statistical energy analysis are made. Then general procedure of statistical energy analysis is introduced.
Secondly, the knowledge about noise is introduced, simply introduce the definition of the noise, and the terminologies about the noise in the reducing vibration and noise, discuss the category and harm for the environment and human of the noise with these knowledge. At the same time, introduce the noise assessment and the generic way of noise control.
Thirdly, analyze the way of reducing noise, and choose the stiffened plate to study to achieve reducing noise. The stiffened plate is the better way in the reducing noise based on the statistical energy analysis in the engineering object. Here the study of the stiffened plate is made, and study the position of the stiffeners and the geometrical shape of the stiffeners in the plate which is better in the reducing the vibration and noise. The result is the position which the excitation must through the stiffener is better, and the trough stiffener having better effect under the synthesized target.
Finally, the model of the track vehicles` bodywork structure is established, and then based on the model simulate and predict the noise level of the interior of the track vehicles, obtain the noise level of the model and the way to affect the interior noise of the track vehicles. At the same time apply the previous result——about the position and the geometry shape of the stiffeners in the model that established, then simulate and predict, compare the result with the former,know that the stiffened plate can efficiently reduce the noise level of the track vehicles. At last some measurement to reduce the noise is suggested,such as increasing plates’thickness and choosing material with large damping loss factor.
引文
[1] V.Cole, M.J.Crocker, P.K.Raju. Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Noise Reduction of an Idealized Cabin Enclosure. Noise Control Engineering, Journal/May-June, 1983, Vol.120, p122
[2] G.D.Richard. A Study of Vehicle Interior Noise Using Statistical Energy Analysis. Surface Vehicle Noise and Vibration Conference Proceedings, Miomi U.S.A, May 1985
[3]朱桂华.统计能量分析方法在车内噪声分析中应用的研究.江苏工学院硕士论文,1991:1-15
[4]左言言.模型驾驶室振动辐射声的研究.农业机械学报. 1997,28(4):27-32
[5] S.F.Wu etc. Noise Transmission through a Vehicle Side Window Due to Turbulent Boundary Layer Excitation. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, 1997, Vol.119, 557-562
[6] G.S.Strumolo. The Wind Noise Modeler. Proceedings of the 1997 SEA Noise & Vibration Conference, Traverse City, MI, Paper No.971921,1997, 417-425
[7]马纪军,张军,兆文忠.统计能量法及其在提速客车噪声预测中的应用.大连铁道学院学报,2005,26(1):53-56
[8]张晶、王宪成、索文超等.基于统计能量分析方法的船艇机舱舱室噪声仿真.装甲兵工程学院学报, 2006,20(1):58-62
[9]李丹.船舶舱室噪声预示的统计能量分析研究.大连理工大学硕士论文, 2003:1-5
[10]于笑非.统计能量分析在客车噪声设计中的应用.客车技术与应用, 2006,(1):36-38
[11]俞海舟.统计能量分析方法在汽车噪声控制中的应用,同济大学硕士学位论文, 2004:1-6
[12]刘涛、顾彦.统计能量分析在汽车车内噪声分析中的应用.噪声与振动控制, 2006, (2):66-69
[13]王震坡,何洪文.统计能量方法用于汽车振动噪声的分析研究.汽车科技,2001,(6):10-13
[14] Richard H.Lyon, Richard G..Dejong. Theory and application of statistical energy analysis. United States of America: Butterworth-Heinemann.1995:135-144
[15]赵家宣.统计能量分析法及其在卫星结构研究中的应用.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文,2005:1-5
[16]罗世辉.振动结构的统计能量分析研究.上海交通大学博士学位论文,1991:2-7
[17] M.P.诺顿著,盛元生等译.工程噪声和振动分析基础.航空工业出版社,1993:250-254
[18]姚德源、王其政.统计能量分析及其应用.北京理工大学出版社,1995:9-15
[19]张军.声学-结构灵敏度与结构-声学优化设计研究.大连交通大学博士论文, 2006:1-5
[20]杨玉致.机械噪声控制技术.中国农业机械出版社,1983:57-62
[21] Yoshihiko SATO, Dr.Eng. Study on High-Frequency Vibration Track Operated High-Speed Trains. Quarterly Reports. 1977, 18(3)
[22] L.G.Kurzweil(美国).轮轨噪声控制方法.国外轨道车辆.1987,5:12-13
[23]钱仲候.高速铁路概论.北京:中国铁道出版社.1999:274-278
[24]陈研.统计能量分析方法在轮轨高频振动噪声预测中的应用.大连铁道学院硕士学位论文,2002:48-52
[25]陈向东.轮轨振动、噪声模型及预测.大连交通大学硕士学位论文,2004:49-53
[26]马大鱿.第八届全国噪声与振动控制工程学术会议大会报告.噪声与振动控制.1999,No5:2-5
[27] Semyung Wang,Jeawon Lee. Acoustic Design Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization for Reduced Exterior Noise. AIAA Journal. 2001,39(4):1237-1245
[28] Belegundu, A.D.Salagame, R.R.Koopmann, G.H. A general optimization strategy for sound power minimization. Structural Optimization. 1994,34(8):113–119
[29] J.S.Lamancusa, H.A. Eschenauer. Design optimization methods for rectangular panels with minimal sound radiation. AIAA J. 1994,32(3):472–479
[30] K. Naghshineh, G.H. Koopmann, A.D. Belegundu. Material tailoring of structures to achieve a minimum radiation condition. J.Acoust.Soc.Am. 1992,92(2):841–855
[31] K.K. Choi, I. Shim, S. Wang. Design sensitivity analysis of structure-induced noise and vibration. J.Vib.Acoust. 1997,119(4):173–179
[32]邓晓龙,张宗杰,李少鹤.内燃机油底壳加强板声学优化.内燃机工程. 2003,24(l):37-41
[33]姚本炎、黄其柏.加筋薄板结构振动与声辐射特性研究.华中科技大学学报, 2001,29(2):90-92
[34]朴春雨、章怡宁.典型加筋板的优化设计.飞行设计, 2003, 4:29-32
[35]杨德庆、柳拥军、金咸定.薄板减振降噪的拓扑优化设计方法.船舶力学,2003,7(5):90-96
[36]张升明、潘旭初.板架结构的振动噪声研究.噪声与振动控制, 1995, 5:9-13
[37]杨平、刘彦峰.密加筋板结构的稳定性分析.船海工程,2006,6:17-19
[38]靳晓雄、叶武平、丁玉兰.基于统计能量分析法的轿车内室噪声优化与控制.同济大学学报,2002,30(7):862-867
[39]罗东芝.铁路客车内部噪声控制探讨.中国科技信息工程论坛,2006,5:122
[40]雷晓燕、圣小珍.铁路交通噪声与振动.科学出版社,2004:67-71
[41]张林.噪声及其控制.哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2001,4-8
[42]应怀焦.现代振动与噪声技术(第3卷).航空工业出版社,2002,114-118
[43]刘明治、高桂芳.相关激励下的统计能量分析法研究.力学与实践,1992, 14(4):35-38
[44]王彦琴、孙进才.统计能量分析预测飞机壁板隔声量及舱室内声场分布.声学技术,2003,04:12-15
[2] G.D.Richard. A Study of Vehicle Interior Noise Using Statistical Energy Analysis. Surface Vehicle Noise and Vibration Conference Proceedings, Miomi U.S.A, May 1985
[3]朱桂华.统计能量分析方法在车内噪声分析中应用的研究.江苏工学院硕士论文,1991:1-15
[4]左言言.模型驾驶室振动辐射声的研究.农业机械学报. 1997,28(4):27-32
[5] S.F.Wu etc. Noise Transmission through a Vehicle Side Window Due to Turbulent Boundary Layer Excitation. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, 1997, Vol.119, 557-562
[6] G.S.Strumolo. The Wind Noise Modeler. Proceedings of the 1997 SEA Noise & Vibration Conference, Traverse City, MI, Paper No.971921,1997, 417-425
[7]马纪军,张军,兆文忠.统计能量法及其在提速客车噪声预测中的应用.大连铁道学院学报,2005,26(1):53-56
[8]张晶、王宪成、索文超等.基于统计能量分析方法的船艇机舱舱室噪声仿真.装甲兵工程学院学报, 2006,20(1):58-62
[9]李丹.船舶舱室噪声预示的统计能量分析研究.大连理工大学硕士论文, 2003:1-5
[10]于笑非.统计能量分析在客车噪声设计中的应用.客车技术与应用, 2006,(1):36-38
[11]俞海舟.统计能量分析方法在汽车噪声控制中的应用,同济大学硕士学位论文, 2004:1-6
[12]刘涛、顾彦.统计能量分析在汽车车内噪声分析中的应用.噪声与振动控制, 2006, (2):66-69
[13]王震坡,何洪文.统计能量方法用于汽车振动噪声的分析研究.汽车科技,2001,(6):10-13
[14] Richard H.Lyon, Richard G..Dejong. Theory and application of statistical energy analysis. United States of America: Butterworth-Heinemann.1995:135-144
[15]赵家宣.统计能量分析法及其在卫星结构研究中的应用.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文,2005:1-5
[16]罗世辉.振动结构的统计能量分析研究.上海交通大学博士学位论文,1991:2-7
[17] M.P.诺顿著,盛元生等译.工程噪声和振动分析基础.航空工业出版社,1993:250-254
[18]姚德源、王其政.统计能量分析及其应用.北京理工大学出版社,1995:9-15
[19]张军.声学-结构灵敏度与结构-声学优化设计研究.大连交通大学博士论文, 2006:1-5
[20]杨玉致.机械噪声控制技术.中国农业机械出版社,1983:57-62
[21] Yoshihiko SATO, Dr.Eng. Study on High-Frequency Vibration Track Operated High-Speed Trains. Quarterly Reports. 1977, 18(3)
[22] L.G.Kurzweil(美国).轮轨噪声控制方法.国外轨道车辆.1987,5:12-13
[23]钱仲候.高速铁路概论.北京:中国铁道出版社.1999:274-278
[24]陈研.统计能量分析方法在轮轨高频振动噪声预测中的应用.大连铁道学院硕士学位论文,2002:48-52
[25]陈向东.轮轨振动、噪声模型及预测.大连交通大学硕士学位论文,2004:49-53
[26]马大鱿.第八届全国噪声与振动控制工程学术会议大会报告.噪声与振动控制.1999,No5:2-5
[27] Semyung Wang,Jeawon Lee. Acoustic Design Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization for Reduced Exterior Noise. AIAA Journal. 2001,39(4):1237-1245
[28] Belegundu, A.D.Salagame, R.R.Koopmann, G.H. A general optimization strategy for sound power minimization. Structural Optimization. 1994,34(8):113–119
[29] J.S.Lamancusa, H.A. Eschenauer. Design optimization methods for rectangular panels with minimal sound radiation. AIAA J. 1994,32(3):472–479
[30] K. Naghshineh, G.H. Koopmann, A.D. Belegundu. Material tailoring of structures to achieve a minimum radiation condition. J.Acoust.Soc.Am. 1992,92(2):841–855
[31] K.K. Choi, I. Shim, S. Wang. Design sensitivity analysis of structure-induced noise and vibration. J.Vib.Acoust. 1997,119(4):173–179
[32]邓晓龙,张宗杰,李少鹤.内燃机油底壳加强板声学优化.内燃机工程. 2003,24(l):37-41
[33]姚本炎、黄其柏.加筋薄板结构振动与声辐射特性研究.华中科技大学学报, 2001,29(2):90-92
[34]朴春雨、章怡宁.典型加筋板的优化设计.飞行设计, 2003, 4:29-32
[35]杨德庆、柳拥军、金咸定.薄板减振降噪的拓扑优化设计方法.船舶力学,2003,7(5):90-96
[36]张升明、潘旭初.板架结构的振动噪声研究.噪声与振动控制, 1995, 5:9-13
[37]杨平、刘彦峰.密加筋板结构的稳定性分析.船海工程,2006,6:17-19
[38]靳晓雄、叶武平、丁玉兰.基于统计能量分析法的轿车内室噪声优化与控制.同济大学学报,2002,30(7):862-867
[39]罗东芝.铁路客车内部噪声控制探讨.中国科技信息工程论坛,2006,5:122
[40]雷晓燕、圣小珍.铁路交通噪声与振动.科学出版社,2004:67-71
[41]张林.噪声及其控制.哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2001,4-8
[42]应怀焦.现代振动与噪声技术(第3卷).航空工业出版社,2002,114-118
[43]刘明治、高桂芳.相关激励下的统计能量分析法研究.力学与实践,1992, 14(4):35-38
[44]王彦琴、孙进才.统计能量分析预测飞机壁板隔声量及舱室内声场分布.声学技术,2003,04:12-15