无碴轨列车运行引起的环境振动及舒适度研究
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摘要
以高速铁路和城际客运专线为代表的无碴轨道交通,已成为城市、城际交通建设的重点,但对无碴轨道交通所致的环境振动研究,远滞后于轨道交通建设、经济、社会和环境的发展,轨道交通诱发的环境振动问题已引起了社会各界普遍关注,加强对无碴轨道交通的环境振动及舒适度研究已成为必然。目前,轨道交通环境振动研究主要局限于有碴轨,对无碴轨道诱发的环境振动研究相对较少;定性研究轨道交通等所致的振动舒适度评价成果较多,而定量分析无碴轨道交通诱发振动舒适度评价较少见。为此,本文围绕无碴轨道交诱发的振动舒适度评价展开研究,主要做了以下几方面工作:
①概括介绍轨道交通激励荷载、振动在土体介质中的传播规律、振动对周边建筑振动影响和相应的建筑振动舒适度等一系列课题研究现状。
②对国内首条无碴轨道试验段—遂渝铁路列车运行诱发的场地振动进行了实测;根据实测场地振动加速度时程,分析了场地振动加速度时域特性,随距振源距离的增加,场地振动加速度呈一阶指数函数衰减;对实测场地振动加速度时程进行了1/3倍频谱、Hilbert谱和Hilbert边际谱对比分析后表明,场地振动的主要频率范围为10-120Hz,Hilbert边际谱较真实地反映动车引起的场地振动。
③在概括介绍土体波动理论基础上,系统分析了振动在土体中传播的数值模拟方法。以实测的场地振动加速度为输入激励荷载,通过有限元数值模拟,分析列车振动在土体中的传播规律,并与相应测点的实测加速度响应进行了对比,有限元数值分析能够较好模拟振动在土体中传播规律。
④分析了荷载一致激励输入和多点激励输入的结构振动有限元分析理论;运用大质量法建立了基于刚性地基的结构有限元分析模型,以实测的加速度为激励荷载,分析了多点激励下建筑结构加速度时程响应和频谱特性规律,分析了建筑不同楼层、同一楼层不同位置和列车速度等因素对建筑结构加速度响应的频谱特性的影响。
⑤分析了振动舒适度常见的评价方法和标准;详细介绍了结构振动烦恼率的基本理论、计算方法;基于传统振动舒适度定性评价标准,分析了不同工况下烦恼率曲线和容许烦恼率标准;运用振动舒适度的烦恼率评价理论,分析了建筑不同考察位置结构振动烦恼率分布规律,对无碴轨动车激励下的建筑振动舒适度的进行量化评价。
Ballastless track traffic with high-speed railway and dedicated inter-city passenger line as a representative has become a key point in construction of city and inter-city traffic. But the study of environmental vibration resulted from ballastless track traffic lags far behind track transit construction, as well as economic, social and environmental development. The environmental vibration problem caused by track traffic has attracted common concern from various circles of the society, so it has become inevitable to strengthen the study of the environmental vibration and comfort of ballastless track traffic. Currently, the research of the environmental vibration of track traffic is mainly confined to ballasted track, but, of the environmental vibration of ballastless track fewer. There are many evaluations of vibration limit for comfort resulted from qualitative research of track traffic and etc, but few of one resulted from quantitative analysis of ballastless track traffic. Therefore, this paper begins to study around the evaluations of vibration limit for comfort resulted from ballastless track traffic, mainly focusing on the following aspects
①Resumptive introduction of the propagation rule of excitation load and vibration of track traffic in soil medium, the impact on adjacent buildings due to the vibration and corresponding vibration limit for comfort in the buildings, as well as a series of subject research status.
②Actual measurement of the site vibration due to the train movement on Sui-Yu Railway– the first ballastless track test section; according to the time interval of the measured site vibration acceleration and having analyzed the time domain character of site vibration acceleration, it is found that the site vibration acceleration decays with the distance increase from vibration source, by first-order exponential function; after contrastive analysis between 1/3 times of frequency spectrum, Hilbert spectrum and Hilbert marginal spectrum in the time interval of the measured site vibration acceleration, the main frequency range of the site vibration is 10-120 Hz, of which, Hilbert marginal spectrum can more truly reflect the site vibration caused by moving train.
③On the basis of the resumptive introduction of soil wave theory, systematical analysis of the numerical simulation method of vibration propagated in soil. With measured site vibration acceleration as input excitation load, through finite element numerical simulation, by analyzing the propagation rule of train vibration in soil and comparing with the measured acceleration response at corresponding measure point, it is found that the numerical analysis of finite element can better simulate the propagation rule of vibration in soil.
④Analysis of finite element analytical theory on the structural vibration of uniform excitation input and multipoint excitation input of load; including setting up structure finite element analytical model based on rigid foundation by use of large mass method, taking measured acceleration for excitation load to analyze the response of building structure to acceleration time interval and spectral characteristic rule under the multi-point excitation, analyzing the impact on the response of building structure to the acceleration, in spectral characteristic, due to the factors, such as the different floors in a building, the different positions in a same floor and train speed and so on.
⑤Analysis of the common evaluation methods and standards in the vibration limit for comfort; giving a detailed introduction of the basic theory and calculation method of structure vibration annoyance rate; analyzing the annoyance rate curve and allowable annoyance rate standards under the different working conditions; using the evaluation theory of annoyance rate of vibration limit for comfort to analyze the distribution rule of structural vibration annoyance rate at different positions investigated in buildings, and quantitatively evaluating the building vibration limit for comfort under the excitation of ballastless track train.
①概括介绍轨道交通激励荷载、振动在土体介质中的传播规律、振动对周边建筑振动影响和相应的建筑振动舒适度等一系列课题研究现状。
②对国内首条无碴轨道试验段—遂渝铁路列车运行诱发的场地振动进行了实测;根据实测场地振动加速度时程,分析了场地振动加速度时域特性,随距振源距离的增加,场地振动加速度呈一阶指数函数衰减;对实测场地振动加速度时程进行了1/3倍频谱、Hilbert谱和Hilbert边际谱对比分析后表明,场地振动的主要频率范围为10-120Hz,Hilbert边际谱较真实地反映动车引起的场地振动。
③在概括介绍土体波动理论基础上,系统分析了振动在土体中传播的数值模拟方法。以实测的场地振动加速度为输入激励荷载,通过有限元数值模拟,分析列车振动在土体中的传播规律,并与相应测点的实测加速度响应进行了对比,有限元数值分析能够较好模拟振动在土体中传播规律。
④分析了荷载一致激励输入和多点激励输入的结构振动有限元分析理论;运用大质量法建立了基于刚性地基的结构有限元分析模型,以实测的加速度为激励荷载,分析了多点激励下建筑结构加速度时程响应和频谱特性规律,分析了建筑不同楼层、同一楼层不同位置和列车速度等因素对建筑结构加速度响应的频谱特性的影响。
⑤分析了振动舒适度常见的评价方法和标准;详细介绍了结构振动烦恼率的基本理论、计算方法;基于传统振动舒适度定性评价标准,分析了不同工况下烦恼率曲线和容许烦恼率标准;运用振动舒适度的烦恼率评价理论,分析了建筑不同考察位置结构振动烦恼率分布规律,对无碴轨动车激励下的建筑振动舒适度的进行量化评价。
Ballastless track traffic with high-speed railway and dedicated inter-city passenger line as a representative has become a key point in construction of city and inter-city traffic. But the study of environmental vibration resulted from ballastless track traffic lags far behind track transit construction, as well as economic, social and environmental development. The environmental vibration problem caused by track traffic has attracted common concern from various circles of the society, so it has become inevitable to strengthen the study of the environmental vibration and comfort of ballastless track traffic. Currently, the research of the environmental vibration of track traffic is mainly confined to ballasted track, but, of the environmental vibration of ballastless track fewer. There are many evaluations of vibration limit for comfort resulted from qualitative research of track traffic and etc, but few of one resulted from quantitative analysis of ballastless track traffic. Therefore, this paper begins to study around the evaluations of vibration limit for comfort resulted from ballastless track traffic, mainly focusing on the following aspects
①Resumptive introduction of the propagation rule of excitation load and vibration of track traffic in soil medium, the impact on adjacent buildings due to the vibration and corresponding vibration limit for comfort in the buildings, as well as a series of subject research status.
②Actual measurement of the site vibration due to the train movement on Sui-Yu Railway– the first ballastless track test section; according to the time interval of the measured site vibration acceleration and having analyzed the time domain character of site vibration acceleration, it is found that the site vibration acceleration decays with the distance increase from vibration source, by first-order exponential function; after contrastive analysis between 1/3 times of frequency spectrum, Hilbert spectrum and Hilbert marginal spectrum in the time interval of the measured site vibration acceleration, the main frequency range of the site vibration is 10-120 Hz, of which, Hilbert marginal spectrum can more truly reflect the site vibration caused by moving train.
③On the basis of the resumptive introduction of soil wave theory, systematical analysis of the numerical simulation method of vibration propagated in soil. With measured site vibration acceleration as input excitation load, through finite element numerical simulation, by analyzing the propagation rule of train vibration in soil and comparing with the measured acceleration response at corresponding measure point, it is found that the numerical analysis of finite element can better simulate the propagation rule of vibration in soil.
④Analysis of finite element analytical theory on the structural vibration of uniform excitation input and multipoint excitation input of load; including setting up structure finite element analytical model based on rigid foundation by use of large mass method, taking measured acceleration for excitation load to analyze the response of building structure to acceleration time interval and spectral characteristic rule under the multi-point excitation, analyzing the impact on the response of building structure to the acceleration, in spectral characteristic, due to the factors, such as the different floors in a building, the different positions in a same floor and train speed and so on.
⑤Analysis of the common evaluation methods and standards in the vibration limit for comfort; giving a detailed introduction of the basic theory and calculation method of structure vibration annoyance rate; analyzing the annoyance rate curve and allowable annoyance rate standards under the different working conditions; using the evaluation theory of annoyance rate of vibration limit for comfort to analyze the distribution rule of structural vibration annoyance rate at different positions investigated in buildings, and quantitatively evaluating the building vibration limit for comfort under the excitation of ballastless track train.
引文
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