电力系统小扰动稳定域及低频振荡
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摘要
我国跨区互联大电网的建设促进了区域之间的电力互济,但由于弱互联的网架结构,致使近年来系统运行中多次出现低频振荡问题,严重地威胁联网系统安全运行。为了为互联系统安全稳定监视与控制提供强有力的解析工具,本文重点研究了由Hopf分岔点构成的电力系统小扰动稳定域边界的动力学性质、几何形状和变化规律,以及小扰动稳定域边界面的近似描述和实用确定方法。同时也对强迫振荡源诱发互联大系统区域间联络线功率振荡的现象与机理进行了分析。
首先研究了功率注入空间中由Hopf分岔点构成小扰动稳定域边界的动力学性质,发现了稳定域边界上的点与系统主导振荡模式之间的关系。进一步研究表明,当稳定域边界上的运行点发生主导振荡模式的跳跃及退化Hopf分岔时,稳定域边界会产生形状突变。对稳定域基本性质的研究为后面的工作奠定了基础。
进而,分析了电力系统中各种元件参数以及不同负荷模型对小扰动稳定域的影响,发现了功率注入空间中稳定域边界的近似平移性质,为插值求取稳定域边界提供了依据。通过对三种静态负荷模型及感应电动机负荷的比较,发现当系统中大量存在感应电动机负荷时,系统的小扰动稳定域将明显缩小,这标志着系统小扰动稳定性的下降。
基于对小扰动稳定域边界性质的研究,提出了近似求取稳定域边界的拟合法。文中研究了超平面拟合与二次多项式拟合两种方法,通过比较指出:在求取实用小扰动稳定域边界时,超平面拟合的近似边界可以达到工程所需精度,并能够节省计算时间。针对稳定域边界可能发生突变的现象,提出了临界点的分类拟合策略,并与超平面拟合法结合,提高了拟合的精度。
利用超平面拟合法求取了全国联网系统的小扰动稳定域,比较了不同运行方式下全国联网系统小扰动稳定性的变化规律。根据对实际系统的仿真分析,指出可以根据功率注入空间中系统运行点与小扰动稳定域边界的相对位置关系,制定合理的发电机调度方案,抑制系统中的低频振荡。
针对一类联络线传输功率的低频振荡现象,分析了电力系统强迫振荡的机理,指出系统中存在的局部周期性扰动可能造成整个系统的大幅度振荡。通过研究外部周期扰动与强迫振荡之间的关系,说明了清除周期扰动源、消除系统固有弱阻尼模式是避免此类低频振荡的根本途径。
Constructing regional power grids improve significantly the ability of exchanging energy between different regions. But the weak structure of the electric grids interconnection makes the power systems security problem more serious. Currently, more attentions are paid on low-frequency oscillations which had happened several times in system. To give more insights of low-frequency oscillations, we systematically investigate the characteristics of Small Signal Stability Region (SSSR). A novel view of explaining the power oscillations through tie-lines between regions is proposed.
First, we show the relationships between critical oscillation modes and the points on boundary of Small Signal Stability Region. It is found that the jumping of the critical oscillation mode and Degenerate Hopf bifurcation are two reasons that could lead to sudden changes of the shape of Small Signal Stability Region’s boundary.
Then, we analyze the effect of changing equipments’parameters as well as load models on Small Signal Stability Region. The experiential law about parallel of Small Signal Stability Region’s boundaries is discovered that can be explored to get Small Signal Stability Region’s boundary using inserting value method. By comparing the Small Signal Stability Regions when using different static load models and induction motor load model, it is concluded that induction motor load may deteriorate the small signal stability of system.
Thirdly, a method based on fitting function is developed to get Small Signal Stability Region’s boundary. After comparing hyperplane fitting method and quadratic fitting method, we show that the boundaries computed by hyperplane fitting method can meet the engineering precision and this method also can save computing time. As the shape of Small Signal Stability Region’s boundary may change suddenly, we propose a classifying fitting strategy combining with hyperplane method which improves the fitting precision efficiently.
To identify the hyperplane fitting method and the characteristics of Small Signal Stability Region that we have found before, the Small Signal Stability Region is computed in the interconnection of state power grid of China. The small signal stability of system is examined when the power system works at different situations. According to the location of operating point in Small Signal Stability Region, the scheme of generator dispatch could be optimized to avoid low-frequency oscillations in system.
At last, a view of the power oscillations through tie-lines is proposed. Since this type of low-frequency oscillation may be resulted from an outside disturbance, we study on the forced oscillation theory at a simple power system model. Research shows that a local persisting period disturbance could lead to an oscillation all over the system. The rules summarized from analysis of forced oscillation and persisting period disturbance show that cleaning the source of disturbance is the available measurement to eliminate forced oscillation. We simulate period disturbance in power system and point out that the nature modes with weak damping are main causes that lead to the low-frequency oscillations.
首先研究了功率注入空间中由Hopf分岔点构成小扰动稳定域边界的动力学性质,发现了稳定域边界上的点与系统主导振荡模式之间的关系。进一步研究表明,当稳定域边界上的运行点发生主导振荡模式的跳跃及退化Hopf分岔时,稳定域边界会产生形状突变。对稳定域基本性质的研究为后面的工作奠定了基础。
进而,分析了电力系统中各种元件参数以及不同负荷模型对小扰动稳定域的影响,发现了功率注入空间中稳定域边界的近似平移性质,为插值求取稳定域边界提供了依据。通过对三种静态负荷模型及感应电动机负荷的比较,发现当系统中大量存在感应电动机负荷时,系统的小扰动稳定域将明显缩小,这标志着系统小扰动稳定性的下降。
基于对小扰动稳定域边界性质的研究,提出了近似求取稳定域边界的拟合法。文中研究了超平面拟合与二次多项式拟合两种方法,通过比较指出:在求取实用小扰动稳定域边界时,超平面拟合的近似边界可以达到工程所需精度,并能够节省计算时间。针对稳定域边界可能发生突变的现象,提出了临界点的分类拟合策略,并与超平面拟合法结合,提高了拟合的精度。
利用超平面拟合法求取了全国联网系统的小扰动稳定域,比较了不同运行方式下全国联网系统小扰动稳定性的变化规律。根据对实际系统的仿真分析,指出可以根据功率注入空间中系统运行点与小扰动稳定域边界的相对位置关系,制定合理的发电机调度方案,抑制系统中的低频振荡。
针对一类联络线传输功率的低频振荡现象,分析了电力系统强迫振荡的机理,指出系统中存在的局部周期性扰动可能造成整个系统的大幅度振荡。通过研究外部周期扰动与强迫振荡之间的关系,说明了清除周期扰动源、消除系统固有弱阻尼模式是避免此类低频振荡的根本途径。
Constructing regional power grids improve significantly the ability of exchanging energy between different regions. But the weak structure of the electric grids interconnection makes the power systems security problem more serious. Currently, more attentions are paid on low-frequency oscillations which had happened several times in system. To give more insights of low-frequency oscillations, we systematically investigate the characteristics of Small Signal Stability Region (SSSR). A novel view of explaining the power oscillations through tie-lines between regions is proposed.
First, we show the relationships between critical oscillation modes and the points on boundary of Small Signal Stability Region. It is found that the jumping of the critical oscillation mode and Degenerate Hopf bifurcation are two reasons that could lead to sudden changes of the shape of Small Signal Stability Region’s boundary.
Then, we analyze the effect of changing equipments’parameters as well as load models on Small Signal Stability Region. The experiential law about parallel of Small Signal Stability Region’s boundaries is discovered that can be explored to get Small Signal Stability Region’s boundary using inserting value method. By comparing the Small Signal Stability Regions when using different static load models and induction motor load model, it is concluded that induction motor load may deteriorate the small signal stability of system.
Thirdly, a method based on fitting function is developed to get Small Signal Stability Region’s boundary. After comparing hyperplane fitting method and quadratic fitting method, we show that the boundaries computed by hyperplane fitting method can meet the engineering precision and this method also can save computing time. As the shape of Small Signal Stability Region’s boundary may change suddenly, we propose a classifying fitting strategy combining with hyperplane method which improves the fitting precision efficiently.
To identify the hyperplane fitting method and the characteristics of Small Signal Stability Region that we have found before, the Small Signal Stability Region is computed in the interconnection of state power grid of China. The small signal stability of system is examined when the power system works at different situations. According to the location of operating point in Small Signal Stability Region, the scheme of generator dispatch could be optimized to avoid low-frequency oscillations in system.
At last, a view of the power oscillations through tie-lines is proposed. Since this type of low-frequency oscillation may be resulted from an outside disturbance, we study on the forced oscillation theory at a simple power system model. Research shows that a local persisting period disturbance could lead to an oscillation all over the system. The rules summarized from analysis of forced oscillation and persisting period disturbance show that cleaning the source of disturbance is the available measurement to eliminate forced oscillation. We simulate period disturbance in power system and point out that the nature modes with weak damping are main causes that lead to the low-frequency oscillations.
引文
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