橄榄星室木虱（Pseudophacopteron canarium）种群动态与防治药剂的研究
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摘要
本论文通过对莆田市延寿村千亩橄榄园的橄榄星室木虱种群动态和天敌种类的研究，明确了橄榄星室木虱在莆田地区的生活史、种群数量消长规律和天敌种类。橄榄星室木虱在莆田地区一年发生8代，世代重叠，以成虫越冬。卵、若虫(1-5龄)、成虫在1年中有6个较突出的发生高峰期，以秋梢期为全年雌成虫产卵、若虫发生最高峰，夏梢期是成虫羽化全年最高峰。橄榄星室木虱田间种群数量消长与橄榄抽梢期有着极为密切的关系，每一个抽梢期都带来一个产卵高峰期和低龄若虫发生高峰期，每一次抽梢都使虫口数量急剧上升，并出现高峰，其间也带来一个很高的种群增长率，待到新梢定型老化(枝梢生长后期)又使种群数量下降到低点，而低龄若虫的发生和高峰期的出现一般比产卵滞后5-10d。橄榄星室木虱天敌以捕食天敌为主，种类多，资源丰富。捕食性天敌中以瓢虫为优势种群，种类多，数量大，占捕食性天敌数量的70％以上。瓢虫中又以红基盘瓢虫和红星盘瓢虫为优势种。
通过室内测定不同农药对橄榄星室木虱的毒力，结果表明，15种杀虫剂和6种不同配比的复配剂对橄榄星室木虱都有不同程度的毒力，以1％威宝(阿维·高氯)乳油、2.5％功夫菊酯乳油、2.5％功夫菊酯乳油+10％吡虫啉可湿粉(12.5∶1)的配比对橄榄星室木虱若虫最敏感，相对毒力指数是氧化乐果的35倍以上，LC_(50)小于1.7mg／L。
利用室内相对毒力高的药剂进行田间橄榄星室木虱的防治，结果表明，15种杀虫剂对橄榄星室木虱都有较好的防效，持效期长可达7d以上，药后7d的防效都在90％以上，但速效性差异较大。以1％威宝乳油2000倍、2.5％功夫菊酯乳油2000倍、2.5％功夫菊酯+10％吡虫啉(12.5∶1)2000倍和2.5％
硕士论文橄榄星室木虱种群动态与防治药剂的研究摘要
功夫菊酷+lO%毗虫琳(1:2) 2000倍对橄榄星室木虱效果较好，速效性强，
药后1d的防效达91.58%，药后3d的防效达99.03%以上，药后7d的防效达
100%。
施药方法的研究结果表明，常规喷雾法效果最好。涂干法和灌根法易产
生药害，防治效果不明显。
室内毒力测定和田间药效试验结果表明，1%威宝乳油、2，5%功夫菊酷乳
油及2。5%功夫菊醋+l0%毗虫琳复配剂是防治橄榄星室木虱较为理想的药剂，
可作为下一步药剂开发、登记、生产、推广使用。从性价比上看，2.5%功夫
菊酷+10%毗虫琳的不同配比中以2.5%功夫菊酷+lO%毗虫琳(1:2)的配比
为优。
通过以上5个方面的研究，制订了控制橄榄星室木虱的策略。喷药保梢
是防治该虫的关键措施，特别是保护春梢。在防治中，要充分利用自然天敌
的控制作用。在药剂选择上，可选用对橄榄星室木虱药效高，低残留而对天
敌杀伤力小的药剂，比如拟除虫菊酷类和生物素类杀虫剂。采用常规喷雾法，
在喷雾防治过程中要做好防护工作，以免发生中毒事件。
The life history, the population dynamics and the natural enemies of Pseudophacopteron canarium Yang & Li were investigated in one-thousand-acre olive orchard in Yanshou village, Putian. This psylla had 8 generations per year, with generation overlapping and adults overwintering in Putian. There were six significant peaks in the occurrences of its eggs, nymphs (1-5 instar) and adults per year. The egg and nymph occurrences reached the highest peak at the autumn-shoot stage, whereas the eclosion reached its highest peak at the summer-shoot stage. The psylla population fluctuation had a close relation with the shoot occurrence of Canarium album. At each shoot stage, there were a peak of egg laying and a peak of nymph occurrence, and a significant high population growth rate was also observed. After the new shoot took shape, the population dramatically dropped to a low level with the occurrence and the peak of young nymphs 5-10 days later as compared with egg laying. Observed data indicated that natural enemies
of Pseudophacopteron canarium Yang & Li were mostly the predators, which included large variety of species. Among the predators, ladybug, which took more than 70% of total natural enemies, was the predominant population, with Coelophora circumusta Mulsant and Phtynucaria congener (Schoenherr) being the dominant species.
The toxicity of different kinds of pesticides to Pseudophacopteron canarium Yang & Li was examined in the laboratory. The results illustrated that the toxicity of 15 kinds of insecticides and 6 kinds of mixtures with different proportion to Pseudophacopteron canarium Yang & Li varied. Nymph tended to be most sensitive to 1% abamectin, 2.5% lambdacyhalothrin, and the mixture of 2.5% lambdacyhalothrin and 10% imidacloprin (12.5:1), with their relative toxicity indices more than 35 times as that of omethoate and LCso less than 1.7ug/mg.
Pesticides which were determined to be relatively highly toxic were used for controlling Pseudophacopteron canarium Yang & Li in fields and 15 kinds of
pesticides were tested to be effective in controlling Pseudophacopteron canarium Yang & Li with the control effect lasting for more than 7 days and even still remaining above 90% 7 days after application. However, these pesticides performed significantly differently in terms of their quick-acting. 1% abamectin diluted with 2000 times, 2.5% lambdacyhalothrin with 2000 times, the mixture of 2.5% lambdacyhalothrin and 10% imidacloprin (12.5:1) with 2000 times and the mixture of 2.5% lambdacyhalothrin and 10% imidacloprin (1:2) with 2000 times were examined to be the best in both control effect and quick-acting with their control effects above 91.58% 1 day, effects above 99.03% 3 day, effects 100% 7 day after application, .
Different measures of pesticide application were explored in this study. Conventional spraying was proved to be the best and stem-brushing and root-irrigating could cause plant harm by pesticides without good control effect to the insect pest.
According to the indoor toxicity tests and field trials, 1% abamectin, 2.5% lambdacyhalothrin, and the mixture of 2.5% lambdacyhalothrin and 10% imidacloprin were the relatively ideal pesticides for controlling Pseudophacopteron canarium Yang & Li, could be developed, registered, produced and extended to be the new pesticides for controlling Pseudophacopteron canarium Yang & Li. With respect to the performance and cost, the mixture with the proportion of 1:2 (2.5% lambdacyhalothrin and 10% imidacloprin) would be the best.
The control strategy for Pseudophacopteron canarium Yang & Li was also developed based on the above research results. The key prevention measure was to spray pesticides to prevent the shoot from being infected, especially the spring shoot. In the meantime, the role of natural enemies in controlling Pseudophacopteron canarium Yang & Li should be played to the full. With regard to the pesticide application, the pesticides with high efficiency, low residue and less harm to the natural enemies, such as pyrethrin and biological pestic
通过室内测定不同农药对橄榄星室木虱的毒力，结果表明，15种杀虫剂和6种不同配比的复配剂对橄榄星室木虱都有不同程度的毒力，以1％威宝(阿维·高氯)乳油、2.5％功夫菊酯乳油、2.5％功夫菊酯乳油+10％吡虫啉可湿粉(12.5∶1)的配比对橄榄星室木虱若虫最敏感，相对毒力指数是氧化乐果的35倍以上，LC_(50)小于1.7mg／L。
利用室内相对毒力高的药剂进行田间橄榄星室木虱的防治，结果表明，15种杀虫剂对橄榄星室木虱都有较好的防效，持效期长可达7d以上，药后7d的防效都在90％以上，但速效性差异较大。以1％威宝乳油2000倍、2.5％功夫菊酯乳油2000倍、2.5％功夫菊酯+10％吡虫啉(12.5∶1)2000倍和2.5％
硕士论文橄榄星室木虱种群动态与防治药剂的研究摘要
功夫菊酷+lO%毗虫琳(1:2) 2000倍对橄榄星室木虱效果较好，速效性强，
药后1d的防效达91.58%，药后3d的防效达99.03%以上，药后7d的防效达
100%。
施药方法的研究结果表明，常规喷雾法效果最好。涂干法和灌根法易产
生药害，防治效果不明显。
室内毒力测定和田间药效试验结果表明，1%威宝乳油、2，5%功夫菊酷乳
油及2。5%功夫菊醋+l0%毗虫琳复配剂是防治橄榄星室木虱较为理想的药剂，
可作为下一步药剂开发、登记、生产、推广使用。从性价比上看，2.5%功夫
菊酷+10%毗虫琳的不同配比中以2.5%功夫菊酷+lO%毗虫琳(1:2)的配比
为优。
通过以上5个方面的研究，制订了控制橄榄星室木虱的策略。喷药保梢
是防治该虫的关键措施，特别是保护春梢。在防治中，要充分利用自然天敌
的控制作用。在药剂选择上，可选用对橄榄星室木虱药效高，低残留而对天
敌杀伤力小的药剂，比如拟除虫菊酷类和生物素类杀虫剂。采用常规喷雾法，
在喷雾防治过程中要做好防护工作，以免发生中毒事件。
The life history, the population dynamics and the natural enemies of Pseudophacopteron canarium Yang & Li were investigated in one-thousand-acre olive orchard in Yanshou village, Putian. This psylla had 8 generations per year, with generation overlapping and adults overwintering in Putian. There were six significant peaks in the occurrences of its eggs, nymphs (1-5 instar) and adults per year. The egg and nymph occurrences reached the highest peak at the autumn-shoot stage, whereas the eclosion reached its highest peak at the summer-shoot stage. The psylla population fluctuation had a close relation with the shoot occurrence of Canarium album. At each shoot stage, there were a peak of egg laying and a peak of nymph occurrence, and a significant high population growth rate was also observed. After the new shoot took shape, the population dramatically dropped to a low level with the occurrence and the peak of young nymphs 5-10 days later as compared with egg laying. Observed data indicated that natural enemies
of Pseudophacopteron canarium Yang & Li were mostly the predators, which included large variety of species. Among the predators, ladybug, which took more than 70% of total natural enemies, was the predominant population, with Coelophora circumusta Mulsant and Phtynucaria congener (Schoenherr) being the dominant species.
The toxicity of different kinds of pesticides to Pseudophacopteron canarium Yang & Li was examined in the laboratory. The results illustrated that the toxicity of 15 kinds of insecticides and 6 kinds of mixtures with different proportion to Pseudophacopteron canarium Yang & Li varied. Nymph tended to be most sensitive to 1% abamectin, 2.5% lambdacyhalothrin, and the mixture of 2.5% lambdacyhalothrin and 10% imidacloprin (12.5:1), with their relative toxicity indices more than 35 times as that of omethoate and LCso less than 1.7ug/mg.
Pesticides which were determined to be relatively highly toxic were used for controlling Pseudophacopteron canarium Yang & Li in fields and 15 kinds of
pesticides were tested to be effective in controlling Pseudophacopteron canarium Yang & Li with the control effect lasting for more than 7 days and even still remaining above 90% 7 days after application. However, these pesticides performed significantly differently in terms of their quick-acting. 1% abamectin diluted with 2000 times, 2.5% lambdacyhalothrin with 2000 times, the mixture of 2.5% lambdacyhalothrin and 10% imidacloprin (12.5:1) with 2000 times and the mixture of 2.5% lambdacyhalothrin and 10% imidacloprin (1:2) with 2000 times were examined to be the best in both control effect and quick-acting with their control effects above 91.58% 1 day, effects above 99.03% 3 day, effects 100% 7 day after application, .
Different measures of pesticide application were explored in this study. Conventional spraying was proved to be the best and stem-brushing and root-irrigating could cause plant harm by pesticides without good control effect to the insect pest.
According to the indoor toxicity tests and field trials, 1% abamectin, 2.5% lambdacyhalothrin, and the mixture of 2.5% lambdacyhalothrin and 10% imidacloprin were the relatively ideal pesticides for controlling Pseudophacopteron canarium Yang & Li, could be developed, registered, produced and extended to be the new pesticides for controlling Pseudophacopteron canarium Yang & Li. With respect to the performance and cost, the mixture with the proportion of 1:2 (2.5% lambdacyhalothrin and 10% imidacloprin) would be the best.
The control strategy for Pseudophacopteron canarium Yang & Li was also developed based on the above research results. The key prevention measure was to spray pesticides to prevent the shoot from being infected, especially the spring shoot. In the meantime, the role of natural enemies in controlling Pseudophacopteron canarium Yang & Li should be played to the full. With regard to the pesticide application, the pesticides with high efficiency, low residue and less harm to the natural enemies, such as pyrethrin and biological pestic
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陈炳旭，黄汉杰．2001．橄榄星室木虱的发生规律与防治．中国南方果树．30(3)：38-39
陈成文．1997．橄榄栽培管理改革若干措施．福建果树．2：55-57，49
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