激活素受体相互作用蛋白1，2在小鼠脑组织中的表达及分布的比较研究
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摘要
激活素A (Activin A),属于转化生长因子β(transforming-growth factor-β, TGF-β)超家族成员,又称神经细胞生存分子(nerve cell survival molecule)。
本研究在构建激活素特异信号传导蛋白——激活素受体相互作用蛋白1, 2(ARIP1, 2)基因表达载体及制备抗ARIP1, 2抗体的基础上,采用Northern杂交、RT-PCR等分析了ARIP1, 2 mRNA在组织中的表达,发现ARIP1 mRNA在脑、垂体、睾丸、肾上腺组织表达;ARIP2 mRNA则在多种组织表达。免疫组织化学染色显示,在大脑皮质中,ARIP1主要表达在小细胞神经元,而ARIP2主要表达在大细胞神经元;在海马和下丘脑神经元、脉络膜、垂体及小脑浦肯野细胞ARIP1和ARIP2共表达。小鼠脑神经瘤细胞系Neuro-2a细胞也表达ARIP1和ARIP2,Activin A刺激Neuro-2a细胞24h后,ARIP1表达减弱,而ARIP2表达增强;LPS可促进ARIP1, 2表达。在Neuro-2a细胞ARIP1, 2过表达均能抑制Activin A诱导的特异基因转录,ARIP1还能抑制Smad3诱导的基因转录。Neuro-2a细胞稳定转染ARIP1基因表达质粒可以显著减弱Activin A诱导的INa,而ARIP2对Activin A诱导的INa无明显影响。ARIP1基因过表达对Neuro-2a细胞增殖也有明显的抑制作用,ARIP2基因过表达对增殖无明显影响。在急性机械性脑损伤模型鼠脑组织中Activin A mRNA表达水平增高,而ARIP1表达减少,可能更有利于Activin A发挥神经保护作用。
综上所述,本研究结果显示,作为激活素信号传导的抑制蛋白,ARIP1, 2在组织中的表达及其生物学活性均存在差异,ARIP1, 2可能是决定Activin A在神经细胞作用的关键信号传导分子。
Activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily, was named because it promote the secretion of pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). It can be secreted by Th2 cells, macrophages / microglial cells, also known as nerve cell survival molecule.
In this study, the gene expression vector of activin receptor-interacting protein 1, 2 were constructed and anti-ARIP1, 2 antibodies were prepared. The distribution of ARIP1, 2 mRNA were analyzed by Northern hybridization in mouse tissuses, the results showed that expression of ARIP2 is widely, but the expression of ARIP1 was only in brain. The results of RT-PCR further showed that ARIP1 mRNA expressed in the brain stem, brain, cerebellum, pituitary, hypothalamus, testis, adrenal gland, and ARIP2 expressed in various tissues. The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the ARIP1, 2 immunoreactivities were detected in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, choroid, pituitary and Purkinje cells. The localizations of ARIP1, 2 are the same with activin type IIA receptor (ActRIIA). In order to investigate bioactivities of ARIP1, 2, Neuro-2a cells were used to test the effects of ARIP1 on activin signaling. Then Neuro-2a cells were transfected with pcDNA3-ARIP1 or pcDNA3-ARIP2 together with a reporter plasmid CAGA-lux, then luciferase activity was measured. Both ARIP1 and ARIP2 can inhibit activin-induced transcriptional activities. ARIP1 overexpression in Neuro-2a cells also decreased the Smad3-mediated transcriptional activities, but ARIP2 overexpression could not induce. Further the electrophysiological method was used to observe the change of the whole-cell sodium current affected by the stable transformation for ARIP1, 2 in the Neuro-2a stimulated by activin A. Overexpression of ARIP1 decreased Activin A-induced INa and overexpression of ARIP2 did not influence INa. Through acute brain injury mouse models, ARIP1, 2 mRNA and protein were detected, and we found that ActivinA mRNA and protein expression was significantly increased in brain lesion tissues, while expression of ARIP1 decreased. The results suggest that the decrease of ARIP1 facilitate increased activin A.to play the neuroprotective effects in nerve cells.
Part one: ARIP1, 2 expression plasmid construction
pGEX-4T-ARIP1C/2C, pcDNA3-ARIP1, pcDNA3-ARIP2 were constructed. All of the plasmids were automatically sequenced by DNA sequencing instrument.
Part two: Expression of GST-ARIP1C/2C fusion protein and antibody preparation of anti-ARIP1 / 2 antibodies
In order to detect the expression and locolization of ARIP1, 2, GST fusion proteins of ARIP1C and ARIP2C were prepared and purified, then used to immune rabbit. The rabbit anti-ARIP1 COOH-terminal (anti-ARIP1) and anti-ARIP2 COOH-terminal (anti-ARIP2) IgG polyclonal antibodies were purified by Protein A and anti-GST antibody was removed by GST-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. ELISA assay was used to detecte the cross-reaction of ARIP1, 2. The results showed that antibodies of ARIP1, 2 binded with not only the GST-ARIP1C/2C, but also recombinant ARIP1, 2, and anti-ARIP1, 2 antibodies had no cross-reaction with ARIP2, 1, respectively.
Part three: Comparision of the expression of immunolocalization of ARIP1, 2 in mouse tissuses
In this study, RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry methods were used to study the expression and localization of ARIP1, 2 mRNA and protein in mouse tissues. The results showed ARIP1 mainly expressed in brain tissues. The expression of ARIP2 was detected in a variety of mouse tissues, included brain tissue, but highest expression were detected in striated muscle, kidney, testis. In the cerebral cortex, ARIP1 expressed mainly in parvicellular neurons, but ARIP2 expressed mainly in megacell neurons.In the cerebellar cortex, ARIP1 expressed mainly in parvicellular neurons, ARIP2 expressed mainly in megacell neurons. In the neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis, ARIP1 is highly expressed, ARIP2 is low expressed. However, ARIP1and ARIP2 both expressed in hippocampus, hypothalamus, choroid and Purkinje cells. These results showed that the localizations of ARIP1, 2 have histological difference, these may determine the biological effect of activin. The studies showed that ARIP1, 2 are different in the molecular structure and mode of action, but they both are negative regulatory factors in intracellular signal transduction.
Part four: The role of ARIP1, 2 in the activin signal transduction
The mouse neuroblastoma cell line Neuro-2a cells were used to study the expression and bioactivities of ARIP1, 2. The immunocytochemical staining results showed that ARIP1, 2 were expressed in the Neuro-2a cells. After stimulated by ActivinA, the expression of ARIP1 reduced, the expression of ARIP2 has no changes. Stimulated by LPS, the expression of ARIP1, 2 were significantly enhanced. Tested with activin-specific signal transduction systems, the results showed that ARIP1, 2 can inhibit activin-induced transcription in Neuro-2a cells, further revealed that ARIP1 can inhibit Smad3-induced gene transcription, but ARIP2 could not affect the Smad3-induced gene transcription. The results showed that overexpression of ARIP1 inhibited Neuro-2a cell proliferation, but overexpression of ARIP2 could not affect Neuro-2a cell proliferation. The results suggest that both ARIP1 and 2 can inhibit activin signal transduction, which belong to the negative regulatory protein, but its signal transduction pathway may be different.
Part five: Expressions of ARIP1, 2 mRNA and Protein in acute brain injury tissues
Activin A has a neuroprotective effect to injuried neurons. As the negative regulatory protein of activin A signal transduction, whether ARIP1, 2 can play a biological role in the nerve injury was unclear. So we set up the acute brain injury models of mouse, and observed the changes of ARIP1, 2 expression 24h after injury. The results showed that ARIP1 expression was significantly reduced at 24h after injury, ActivinA expression was significantly increased. These findings suggest that ARIP1 might be the key signal transduction molecules at early stage of acute brain injury, may be advantaged to play the role of Activin A.
In summary, our data suggest that as negative regulators of activin signal transduction, the expressions and bioactivities of ARIP1, 2 are difference in brain tissues. Thus, ARIP1, 2 may be the key signal transduction molecules of activin A action in the nerve cells.
本研究在构建激活素特异信号传导蛋白——激活素受体相互作用蛋白1, 2(ARIP1, 2)基因表达载体及制备抗ARIP1, 2抗体的基础上,采用Northern杂交、RT-PCR等分析了ARIP1, 2 mRNA在组织中的表达,发现ARIP1 mRNA在脑、垂体、睾丸、肾上腺组织表达;ARIP2 mRNA则在多种组织表达。免疫组织化学染色显示,在大脑皮质中,ARIP1主要表达在小细胞神经元,而ARIP2主要表达在大细胞神经元;在海马和下丘脑神经元、脉络膜、垂体及小脑浦肯野细胞ARIP1和ARIP2共表达。小鼠脑神经瘤细胞系Neuro-2a细胞也表达ARIP1和ARIP2,Activin A刺激Neuro-2a细胞24h后,ARIP1表达减弱,而ARIP2表达增强;LPS可促进ARIP1, 2表达。在Neuro-2a细胞ARIP1, 2过表达均能抑制Activin A诱导的特异基因转录,ARIP1还能抑制Smad3诱导的基因转录。Neuro-2a细胞稳定转染ARIP1基因表达质粒可以显著减弱Activin A诱导的INa,而ARIP2对Activin A诱导的INa无明显影响。ARIP1基因过表达对Neuro-2a细胞增殖也有明显的抑制作用,ARIP2基因过表达对增殖无明显影响。在急性机械性脑损伤模型鼠脑组织中Activin A mRNA表达水平增高,而ARIP1表达减少,可能更有利于Activin A发挥神经保护作用。
综上所述,本研究结果显示,作为激活素信号传导的抑制蛋白,ARIP1, 2在组织中的表达及其生物学活性均存在差异,ARIP1, 2可能是决定Activin A在神经细胞作用的关键信号传导分子。
Activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily, was named because it promote the secretion of pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). It can be secreted by Th2 cells, macrophages / microglial cells, also known as nerve cell survival molecule.
In this study, the gene expression vector of activin receptor-interacting protein 1, 2 were constructed and anti-ARIP1, 2 antibodies were prepared. The distribution of ARIP1, 2 mRNA were analyzed by Northern hybridization in mouse tissuses, the results showed that expression of ARIP2 is widely, but the expression of ARIP1 was only in brain. The results of RT-PCR further showed that ARIP1 mRNA expressed in the brain stem, brain, cerebellum, pituitary, hypothalamus, testis, adrenal gland, and ARIP2 expressed in various tissues. The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the ARIP1, 2 immunoreactivities were detected in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, choroid, pituitary and Purkinje cells. The localizations of ARIP1, 2 are the same with activin type IIA receptor (ActRIIA). In order to investigate bioactivities of ARIP1, 2, Neuro-2a cells were used to test the effects of ARIP1 on activin signaling. Then Neuro-2a cells were transfected with pcDNA3-ARIP1 or pcDNA3-ARIP2 together with a reporter plasmid CAGA-lux, then luciferase activity was measured. Both ARIP1 and ARIP2 can inhibit activin-induced transcriptional activities. ARIP1 overexpression in Neuro-2a cells also decreased the Smad3-mediated transcriptional activities, but ARIP2 overexpression could not induce. Further the electrophysiological method was used to observe the change of the whole-cell sodium current affected by the stable transformation for ARIP1, 2 in the Neuro-2a stimulated by activin A. Overexpression of ARIP1 decreased Activin A-induced INa and overexpression of ARIP2 did not influence INa. Through acute brain injury mouse models, ARIP1, 2 mRNA and protein were detected, and we found that ActivinA mRNA and protein expression was significantly increased in brain lesion tissues, while expression of ARIP1 decreased. The results suggest that the decrease of ARIP1 facilitate increased activin A.to play the neuroprotective effects in nerve cells.
Part one: ARIP1, 2 expression plasmid construction
pGEX-4T-ARIP1C/2C, pcDNA3-ARIP1, pcDNA3-ARIP2 were constructed. All of the plasmids were automatically sequenced by DNA sequencing instrument.
Part two: Expression of GST-ARIP1C/2C fusion protein and antibody preparation of anti-ARIP1 / 2 antibodies
In order to detect the expression and locolization of ARIP1, 2, GST fusion proteins of ARIP1C and ARIP2C were prepared and purified, then used to immune rabbit. The rabbit anti-ARIP1 COOH-terminal (anti-ARIP1) and anti-ARIP2 COOH-terminal (anti-ARIP2) IgG polyclonal antibodies were purified by Protein A and anti-GST antibody was removed by GST-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. ELISA assay was used to detecte the cross-reaction of ARIP1, 2. The results showed that antibodies of ARIP1, 2 binded with not only the GST-ARIP1C/2C, but also recombinant ARIP1, 2, and anti-ARIP1, 2 antibodies had no cross-reaction with ARIP2, 1, respectively.
Part three: Comparision of the expression of immunolocalization of ARIP1, 2 in mouse tissuses
In this study, RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry methods were used to study the expression and localization of ARIP1, 2 mRNA and protein in mouse tissues. The results showed ARIP1 mainly expressed in brain tissues. The expression of ARIP2 was detected in a variety of mouse tissues, included brain tissue, but highest expression were detected in striated muscle, kidney, testis. In the cerebral cortex, ARIP1 expressed mainly in parvicellular neurons, but ARIP2 expressed mainly in megacell neurons.In the cerebellar cortex, ARIP1 expressed mainly in parvicellular neurons, ARIP2 expressed mainly in megacell neurons. In the neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis, ARIP1 is highly expressed, ARIP2 is low expressed. However, ARIP1and ARIP2 both expressed in hippocampus, hypothalamus, choroid and Purkinje cells. These results showed that the localizations of ARIP1, 2 have histological difference, these may determine the biological effect of activin. The studies showed that ARIP1, 2 are different in the molecular structure and mode of action, but they both are negative regulatory factors in intracellular signal transduction.
Part four: The role of ARIP1, 2 in the activin signal transduction
The mouse neuroblastoma cell line Neuro-2a cells were used to study the expression and bioactivities of ARIP1, 2. The immunocytochemical staining results showed that ARIP1, 2 were expressed in the Neuro-2a cells. After stimulated by ActivinA, the expression of ARIP1 reduced, the expression of ARIP2 has no changes. Stimulated by LPS, the expression of ARIP1, 2 were significantly enhanced. Tested with activin-specific signal transduction systems, the results showed that ARIP1, 2 can inhibit activin-induced transcription in Neuro-2a cells, further revealed that ARIP1 can inhibit Smad3-induced gene transcription, but ARIP2 could not affect the Smad3-induced gene transcription. The results showed that overexpression of ARIP1 inhibited Neuro-2a cell proliferation, but overexpression of ARIP2 could not affect Neuro-2a cell proliferation. The results suggest that both ARIP1 and 2 can inhibit activin signal transduction, which belong to the negative regulatory protein, but its signal transduction pathway may be different.
Part five: Expressions of ARIP1, 2 mRNA and Protein in acute brain injury tissues
Activin A has a neuroprotective effect to injuried neurons. As the negative regulatory protein of activin A signal transduction, whether ARIP1, 2 can play a biological role in the nerve injury was unclear. So we set up the acute brain injury models of mouse, and observed the changes of ARIP1, 2 expression 24h after injury. The results showed that ARIP1 expression was significantly reduced at 24h after injury, ActivinA expression was significantly increased. These findings suggest that ARIP1 might be the key signal transduction molecules at early stage of acute brain injury, may be advantaged to play the role of Activin A.
In summary, our data suggest that as negative regulators of activin signal transduction, the expressions and bioactivities of ARIP1, 2 are difference in brain tissues. Thus, ARIP1, 2 may be the key signal transduction molecules of activin A action in the nerve cells.
引文
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