双离合器自动变速汽车传动系统性能研究
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摘要
现代车用自动变速技术能够根据油门踏板开度和汽车行驶工况自动变换传动比,使汽车获得良好的舒适性、动力性和燃料经济性,并减少发动机排放污染。
电控机械式自动变速器最大的问题就是无法克服换档时的动力中断,这对车辆的动力性、舒适性以及燃油经济性和排放带来了一定的影响。双离合器自动变速器相当于采用两套变速器和两个离合器协同工作,通过两个离合器的切换来实现两套变速器的交替工作,其换挡过程非常迅速,消除了电控机械式自动变速器切断动力换挡所固有的缺陷。
针对双离合器自动变速器的关键技术,为汽车用双离合器自动变速传动系统研发奠定基础,本文主要进行了以下研究工作:
1)分析了目前主要车用自动变速器的工作原理、优缺点及发展方向,重点分析了双离合器自动变速器的结构及其动力传动原理,对双离合器自动变速器关键技术进行了分析;
2)在分析双质量飞轮扭振减振器类型及扭振减振机理的基础上,进行双离合器自动变速器径向弹簧型双质量飞轮扭振减振器设计和分析,分别建立了装有径向弹簧型双质量飞轮扭振减振器和离合器从动盘式扭振减振器车辆怠速运行时9自由度及稳定行驶工况下的12自由度无阻尼固有特性计算分析模型,并对比分析了两者对动力传动系统减振的效果;
3)通过发动机试验,拟合出发动机的外特性曲线和部分负荷特性曲线,建立了发动机稳态数值模型和动态数值模型,并对发动机电子节气门进行了比例积分控制;
4)在分析目前汽车自动变速器换挡规律制定方法优缺点的基础上,提出了基于模糊神经网络的最佳挡位决策方法,研究了基于Takagi-sugeno模型的神经网络结构和算法,建立了基于模糊神经网络的双离合器自动变速汽车换档规律模型,并进行了仿真分析;
5)在分析双离合器结构形式的基础上,利用离合器最佳接合规律的控制对双离合器自动变速汽车的起步、换挡控制进行了仿真分析。
It is the modern automatic transmission technologies which used it can follow throttle pedal degree and vehicle operating mode last transmission ratio, make the vehicle obtain good comfortableness, power and fuel economy, reduce the engine and discharge pollution. Automatic manual transmission have the best problem which can't overcome power break down transfer to shelf, this motive force, comfortableness and fuel economy and discharging and bringing certain influence to the vehicle. Dual clutch transmission of basic principles is to adopt two sets of gear boxes to work together with two clutches, a gear box is at the time of the working state, another gear box dallies, realize the transition jobs of two sets of gear boxes by the switching over of two clutches, its course of shifting gears is very fast, dispel the automatic manual transmission inherent defect of cutting off power.
To the key technology of dual clutch transmission, research and develop the foundation of establishing with dual clutch transmissions for the vehicle, this text has mainly carried on the following research work:
1) The operation principle, merits , drawbacks and developing direction of the main automatic transmission vehicle at present have been analyzed, dual clutches transmission of structure and power transmission principle was key analyzed, have carried on analysis to key technology for dual clutch transmission;
2) The structure and operation principle for several kinds of typical dual mass flywheel type torsional vibration damper is analyzed, the analysis and design method of dual mass flywheel - radial spring(DMF-RS)type torsional vibration damper for dual clutch transmission is studied in this paper .Based on the multi-freedom with mass-spring torsional vibration analysis model of powertrain system, the natural torsional vibration characteristics of the system with DMF-RS type torsional damper are analyzed, and compared with the clutch type torsional vibration damper;
3) Test through the engine, other characteristic contours and some load characteristic curves of the motive of fitting and setting out, have been set up the steady state number value model of the engine and dynamic number value model, and has carried on the PI control to the engine electron throttle;
4) The establishing methods of shift schedule for automatic transmission vehicle coupled with its advantage and disadvantage had been analyzed at presenting, the best shift schedule based on fuzzy neural network has been acquired, structure and algorithm on the basis of the fuzzy neural network by Takagi-Sugeno mode was studied, the shift schedule for dual clutch transmission vehicle according to the skilled driver's experience and expert's knowledge had been made, the fuzzy neural network had been trained and simulated;
5) On the basis of analyzing structural form of dual clutches, utilized the law of best joint of the clutch for dual clutch transmission vehicle during starting and shifting control.
电控机械式自动变速器最大的问题就是无法克服换档时的动力中断,这对车辆的动力性、舒适性以及燃油经济性和排放带来了一定的影响。双离合器自动变速器相当于采用两套变速器和两个离合器协同工作,通过两个离合器的切换来实现两套变速器的交替工作,其换挡过程非常迅速,消除了电控机械式自动变速器切断动力换挡所固有的缺陷。
针对双离合器自动变速器的关键技术,为汽车用双离合器自动变速传动系统研发奠定基础,本文主要进行了以下研究工作:
1)分析了目前主要车用自动变速器的工作原理、优缺点及发展方向,重点分析了双离合器自动变速器的结构及其动力传动原理,对双离合器自动变速器关键技术进行了分析;
2)在分析双质量飞轮扭振减振器类型及扭振减振机理的基础上,进行双离合器自动变速器径向弹簧型双质量飞轮扭振减振器设计和分析,分别建立了装有径向弹簧型双质量飞轮扭振减振器和离合器从动盘式扭振减振器车辆怠速运行时9自由度及稳定行驶工况下的12自由度无阻尼固有特性计算分析模型,并对比分析了两者对动力传动系统减振的效果;
3)通过发动机试验,拟合出发动机的外特性曲线和部分负荷特性曲线,建立了发动机稳态数值模型和动态数值模型,并对发动机电子节气门进行了比例积分控制;
4)在分析目前汽车自动变速器换挡规律制定方法优缺点的基础上,提出了基于模糊神经网络的最佳挡位决策方法,研究了基于Takagi-sugeno模型的神经网络结构和算法,建立了基于模糊神经网络的双离合器自动变速汽车换档规律模型,并进行了仿真分析;
5)在分析双离合器结构形式的基础上,利用离合器最佳接合规律的控制对双离合器自动变速汽车的起步、换挡控制进行了仿真分析。
It is the modern automatic transmission technologies which used it can follow throttle pedal degree and vehicle operating mode last transmission ratio, make the vehicle obtain good comfortableness, power and fuel economy, reduce the engine and discharge pollution. Automatic manual transmission have the best problem which can't overcome power break down transfer to shelf, this motive force, comfortableness and fuel economy and discharging and bringing certain influence to the vehicle. Dual clutch transmission of basic principles is to adopt two sets of gear boxes to work together with two clutches, a gear box is at the time of the working state, another gear box dallies, realize the transition jobs of two sets of gear boxes by the switching over of two clutches, its course of shifting gears is very fast, dispel the automatic manual transmission inherent defect of cutting off power.
To the key technology of dual clutch transmission, research and develop the foundation of establishing with dual clutch transmissions for the vehicle, this text has mainly carried on the following research work:
1) The operation principle, merits , drawbacks and developing direction of the main automatic transmission vehicle at present have been analyzed, dual clutches transmission of structure and power transmission principle was key analyzed, have carried on analysis to key technology for dual clutch transmission;
2) The structure and operation principle for several kinds of typical dual mass flywheel type torsional vibration damper is analyzed, the analysis and design method of dual mass flywheel - radial spring(DMF-RS)type torsional vibration damper for dual clutch transmission is studied in this paper .Based on the multi-freedom with mass-spring torsional vibration analysis model of powertrain system, the natural torsional vibration characteristics of the system with DMF-RS type torsional damper are analyzed, and compared with the clutch type torsional vibration damper;
3) Test through the engine, other characteristic contours and some load characteristic curves of the motive of fitting and setting out, have been set up the steady state number value model of the engine and dynamic number value model, and has carried on the PI control to the engine electron throttle;
4) The establishing methods of shift schedule for automatic transmission vehicle coupled with its advantage and disadvantage had been analyzed at presenting, the best shift schedule based on fuzzy neural network has been acquired, structure and algorithm on the basis of the fuzzy neural network by Takagi-Sugeno mode was studied, the shift schedule for dual clutch transmission vehicle according to the skilled driver's experience and expert's knowledge had been made, the fuzzy neural network had been trained and simulated;
5) On the basis of analyzing structural form of dual clutches, utilized the law of best joint of the clutch for dual clutch transmission vehicle during starting and shifting control.
引文
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候培国,孙传铭,路泽永.神经网络在汽车自动换挡判别中的应用[J].中国测试技术,2007, 33(2):64-66.
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《机械工程标准手册》编委会.机械工程标准手册——联轴器、离合器与制动器卷[S].机械工业出版社,1981:370~373.
贾元华,周立元.自动变速器模糊换挡及其控制理论研究[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2005,4(4): 33-36.
金伦.双离合器自动变速器的开发[M].长春:吉林工业大学,2003年.
江发潮,陈全世等.机械式自动变速器的离合器优化控制[J].清华大学学报,2005-02.
荆崇波,苑士华等.双离合器自动变速器及其应用前景分析[J].机械传动,2005-03(29):56~58.
李国勇.智能控制及其MATLAB实现[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
李焕松.关于汽车动力传动系统自动操纵系统的研究[D].长春:吉林工业大学,1994.
刘圣田,吕安涛,马见明.典型双质量飞轮式扭振减振器结构分析[J].山东省交通科技, 1998, 1(2):19-21.
刘圣田,吕振华,邵成,袁念诗.双质量飞轮型扭振减振器[J].汽车技术,1997(1),23- 27.
刘振军,秦大同等.车辆双离合器自动变速传动技术研究进展分析[J].农业机械学报,2005-11:161~164.
吕振华,邵成,郭惠乐.离合器扭振减振器性能参数计算公式探讨及其弹性特性表达[J].汽车工程,1986,2(4):43-46.
吕振华,吴志国,陈涛.双质量飞轮-周向短弹簧型扭振减振器弹性特性设计原理及性能分析[J].汽车工程,2003,5(25):493-497.
麦克.克鲁格.双面离合器和双重离合器的机械式自动变速器比较[J].汽车工艺与材料, 2004-12:2~3.
牛铭奎,葛安林等.双离合器式自动变速器换档特性研究[J].汽车工程,2004-04:453~457.
牛铭奎,葛安林等.双离合器式自动变速器简介[J].汽车工艺与材料,2002-12:36~38.
牛铭奎.双离合器自动变速器的开发与研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2003年:7~9.
邵忍平.机械系统动力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
申水文、葛安林.基于二参数换档规律的模糊换档技术[J].汽车技术,1998(1):9～12.
申水文,葛安林.模糊换档技术与综合换档规律[J].农业工程学报,1997(3):145～149.
宋国民、王锦雯、何仁.基于模糊综合评判的汽车换档规律研究[J].江苏理工大学学报,1998,19 (2):27～31.
王丽芳.自动变速器换档规律确定方法的研究[J].汽车技术,1998(6):7～9.
王望予.汽车设计[M].机械工业出版社,2005:39~40.
王望予.汽车设计[M].机械工业出版社,2000:45~50.
王卓,赵丁选.工程车辆自动变速器换挡的神经网络控制系统[J].西安交通大学学报,2002, 36(3):274-277.
叶明.机械自动变速传动建模与仿真及试验软件开发[D].重庆:重庆大学,2003:23～27.
阴晓峰,谭晶晶,雷雨龙等.基于神经网络发动机模型的动态三参数换挡规律[J].机械工程学报,2005,41(11):174-178.
余志生.汽车理论[M].机械工业出版社,1996年:3~4.
张毅,潘可耕等.离合器及机械变速[M].化学工业出版社,2005年:17~20.
张英会.弹簧[M].机械工业出版社,1982.
张慎良等.车用汽油机动态性能研究[J].内燃机工程,1988(1).
张勇.电控机械式自动变速器换档品质自适应控制研究[D].长春:吉林工业大学,1997.
周建刚.长螺旋弹簧结构的双质量飞轮仿真分析[J].中国制造业信息化,2006,1(2):23-25.
周学建,付主木,张文春.车辆自动变速器换挡规律的研究现状与展望[J].农业机械学报,2003,34(3):139-141.
朱经昌,魏寰官等.车辆液力传动[M].国防工业出版社,1983年.
庄继德.汽车电子控制系统工程[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1998
Albert Albers,Mare Albercht,Arne Kruger,etal.New Methodology for Power Train Development in the Automotive Engineering-Integration of Simulation Design and Testing[C].SAE,2001-01-3303.
Amo Seulke.The Two一Mass Flywheel a Torsional Vibration Damper for the Power Train of Passenger Cars State of the Art and Further Technical Development[C].SAE 870394.
B. K. Powell, J. A. Cook. Nonlinear Low Frequency Phenomenological Engine Modeling and Analysis. Proc[J]. ACC, 1987: 332~340.
Francois Dovat. The revolutionary VW-Audi double clutch transmission[z]. Internet Document. Ge Anlin & Others. Research on Dynamic 3-parameter Gear-Shift Schedule[C]. SAE 912488, 1991.
Getriebe. GmbH, Gerhard. Wagner. Application of Transmission Systems for Different Driveline configurations In passenger Car[J]. Drive System Technique, 2002-02:11~27.
Hans Jurgen Drcal . Torsional Dampers and Altemative Systems to Reduce Driveline Vibrations[C].SAE 870393.
Hiroshi Yamaguchi,Yasushi Narita,Hiroshi Takahashi.Automatic Transmission Shift Schedule Control Using Fuzzy Logic[C].SAE,930674.
J. J. Moskwa, J. K. Hedrick. Automotive Engine Modeling for Real Time Control Application[J]. Proc. ACC, 1987: 341~346.
Jo Han-Sang,Park Yeong-Il, Lee Jang-Moo, Jang Wood-Jin, Park Jin-Ho, Lim Won-Sik. Study on the improvement of the shift characteristics for the passenger car automatic transmission[J]. International Journal of Vehicle Design, 2000,v23 (3).
Kegresse, A. Zahnraderwechselgetriebe fur Kraftfahrzeuge[J]. DE 894204, 1939.
Ken-ishi Yamamoto,Mitsuhiro Umeyama,Hiroyuki Ishikawa.Consideration of a New Type Two-Mass Flywheel[C].SAE 911059.
Koki Hayashi , Yoshinao Shimizu , Yasuhiko Dote.Neuro Fuzzy Transmission Control for Automobile with Variable Loads[J].IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology,1995,3(1):49-53.
Leo F. Schwab. Development of a Shift Quality Metric for an Automatic Transmission[C]. SAE, 1999-10-09.
M Goetz, M C Levesley, D A Crolla. Dynamics and control of gearshifts on twin-clutch transmission[J]. IMechE, 2005: 951~953.
MM Goetz, M C Levesley, D A Crolla. Integrated Powertrain Control of Gearshifts on Twin Clutch Transmissions[C]. SAE, 2004-01.
Patrice Berlin, Eric Breton, Ayman Mokdad.Radial Dual Mass Fly-wheel[C].SAE 950893.
Quan Zheng, Krishnaswamy Srinivasan, Giorgio Rizzoni. Transmission shift controller design basedon a dynamic model of transmission response[J]. Control Engineering Practice 7(1999):1007-1014.
Rebecca Rutschmann. Wet or dry– a question of torque[J]. LuK Co., 2005-09-23.
Reinhard Berger, Rolf Meinhard. The Parallel Shift Gearbox PSG[J]. 7th LuK Symposium, 2002-04:234~236.
Richard G. Reed, Jr., Oak, Jeffrey P Cherry, Troy. Method of Controlling a Transmission Having a Dual Clutch System[J]. US 6463821B1, 2002-10-15.
Robert Fischer, Georg Schneider. The XSG Family[J]. 7th LuK Symposium, 2002-04:175~198.
Shushan Bai, Robert L. Moses, Todd Schanz and Michael J. Gorman. Development of a New Clutch-to-clutch Shift Control Technology[C]. SAE, 1999-01.
Tomas C. Bowen, Rochester Hills. Twin clutch automated transmission with integrated transfer case[J]. US. 0088291, 2002-07.
Toshimichi Minowa, Tatsuya Ochi and Hiroshi Kuroiwa. Smooth Gear Shift Control Technology for Clutch-to-Clutch Shifting[C]. SAE, 1999-01.
Viren Saxena. Dual Clutch Transmission-A Different Automatic[z]. PPT Document. Webster, H. A fully automatic vehicle transmission using a lay shaft type gearbox[C]. SAE, 1981.
Wilheim Haerdtle, Karl-Fritz Heinzeimann. Automatic transmissions for trucks and coaches: experiences in development and application[J].传动技术,2001(4).
Y. Zhang, X. Chen. Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of a Dual-clutch Automated Lay-shaft Transmission[J]. Journal of University of Michigan-Dearborn, 2004.
Yasuo Hojo, Kunihiro, Iwatsuki, Hidehirooba, Kazunori, Ishikawa. Toyota 5-Speed Automatic Transmission with Application of Modern control Theory [J].传动技术,2001(2).
②过学迅.汽车自动变速器[M].机械工业出版社,1999.
③葛安林.自动变速器[J].汽车技术,2001-10.
④葛安林.车辆自动变速器理论与设计[M].机械工业出版社,1995年.
⑤Kegresse, A. Zahnraderwechselgetriebe fur Kraftfahrzeuge[J]. DE 894204, 1939.
①Francois Dovat. The revolutionary VW-Audi double clutch transmission[Z]. Internet Document.
②Viren Saxena. Dual Clutch Transmission-A Different Automatic[Z]. PPT Document.
①Y. Zhang, X. Chen. Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of a Dual-clutch Automated Lay-shaft Transmission[J]. Journal of University of Michigan-Dearborn, 2004.
①刘振军,秦大同等.车辆双离合器自动变速传动技术研究进展分析[J].农业机械学报,2005-11:161~164.
②麦克.克鲁格.双面离合器和双重离合器的机械式自动变速器比较[J].汽车工艺与材料,2004-12:2~3.
③荆崇波,苑士华等.双离合器自动变速器及其应用前景分析[J].机械传动,2005-03(29):56~58.
①Robert Fischer, Georg Schneider. The XSG Family[J]. 7th LuK Symposium, 2002-04:175~198.
②Rebecca Rutschmann. Wet or dry– a question of torque[J]. LuK Co., 2005-09-23.
③牛铭奎,葛安林等.双离合器式自动变速器简介[J].汽车工艺与材料,2002-12:36~38.
④牛铭奎,葛安林等.双离合器式自动变速器换档特性研究[J].汽车工程,2004-04:453~457.
①朱经昌,魏寰官等.车辆液力传动[M].国防工业出版社,1983年.
①张毅,潘可耕等.离合器及机械变速[M].化学工业出版社,2005年:17~20.
②王望予.汽车设计[M].机械工业出版社,2005年:39~40.
③Reinhard Berger, Rolf Meinhard. The Parallel Shift Gearbox PSG[J]. 7th LuK Symposium, 2002-04:234~236.
①《机械工程标准手册》编委会.机械工程标准手册——联轴器、离合器与制动器卷[S].机械工业出版社,1981:370~373.
①Getriebe. GmbH, Gerhard. Wagner. Application of Transmission Systems for Different Driveline configurations In passenger Car[J]. Drive System Technique, 2002-02:11~27.
②牛铭奎.双离合器自动变速器的开发与研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2003年:7~9.
③余志生.汽车理论[D].机械工业出版社,1996年:3~4.
④胡建军.汽车无级变速传动系统建模、仿真及其匹配控制策略研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2001年.
①Hans Jurgen Drcal.Torsional Dampers and Altemative Systems to Reduce Driveline Vibrations[C].SAE 870393.
②刘圣田,吕安涛,马见明.典型双质量飞轮式扭振减振器结构分析[J] .山东省交通科技,1998,1(2):19-21
③刘圣田,吕振华,邵成,袁念诗.双质量飞轮型扭振减振器[J].汽车技术,1997(1),23-27.
④吕振华,邵成,郭惠乐.离合器扭振减振器性能参数计算公式探讨及其弹性特性表达[J].汽车工程,1986,2(4):43-46.
①Patrice Berlin, Eric Breton, Ayman Mokdad.Radial Dual Mass Fly-wheel[C].SAE 950893.
①Albert Albers,Mare Albercht,Arne Kruger,etal.New Methodology for Power Train Development in the Automotive Engineering-Integration of Simulation Design and Testing[C].SAE,2001-01-3303.
①周建刚.长螺旋弹簧结构的双质量飞轮仿真分析[J].中国制造业信息化,2006,1(2):23-25.
②Ken-ishi Yamamoto,Mitsuhiro Umeyama,Hiroyuki Ishikawa.Consideration of a New Type Two-Mass Flywheel[C].SAE 911059.
③吕振华,吴志国,陈涛.双质量飞轮-周向短弹簧型扭振减振器弹性特性设计原理及性能分析[J].汽车工程,2003,5(25):493-497.
④Amo Seulke.The Two一Mass Flywheel a Torsional Vibration Damper for the Power Train of Passenger Cars State of the Art and Further Technical Development[C].SAE 870394.
①张英会.弹簧[M].机械工业出版社,1982.
①邵忍平.机械系统动力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
①何渝生,威克严等.汽车振动学[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1990.
①张慎良等.车用汽油机动态性能研究[J].内燃机工程,1988(1).
②王望予.汽车设计[M].机械工业出版社,2000:45~50.
③叶明.机械自动变速传动建模与仿真及试验软件开发[D].重庆:重庆大学,2003:23～27.
①李焕松.关于汽车动力传动系统自动操纵系统的研究[D].长春:吉林工业大学,1994.
②曹桂军.电控机械式自动变速器传动系综合控制研究[D].长春:吉林工业大学,2003.
③张勇.电控机械式自动变速器换档品质自适应控制研究[D].长春:吉林工业大学,1997.
①Leo F. Schwab. Development of a Shift Quality Metric for an Automatic Transmission[C]. SAE, 1999-10-09.
①过学迅.汽车自动变速器[M].机械工业出版社,1999.
②金伦.双离合器自动变速器的开发[D].长春:吉林工业大学,2003年.
③江发潮,陈全世等.机械式自动变速器的离合器优化控制[J].清华大学学报,2005-02.
①Richard G. Reed, Jr., Oak, Jeffrey P Cherry, Troy. Method of Controlling a Transmission Having a Dual Clutch System[C]. US 6463821B1, 2002-10-15.
②Shushan Bai, Robert L. Moses, Todd Schanz and Michael J. Gorman. Development of a New Clutch-to-clutch Shift Control Technology[C]. SAE, 1999-01.
③J. J. Moskwa, J. K. Hedrick. Automotive Engine Modeling for Real Time Control Application[J]. Proc. ACC, 1987
①何忠波,陈慧岩,陶刚.自动变速车辆挡位决策方法综述[J].车辆与动力技术,2002,10(2):54-58
②葛安林.车辆自动变速理论与设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1993.
③葛安林,李焕松,武文治等.动态三参数最佳换挡规律的研究[J].汽车工程,1992,14(4):239-247.
④阴晓峰,谭晶晶,雷雨龙等.基于神经网络发动机模型的动态三参数换挡规律[J].机械工程学报,2005,41(11):174-178.
⑤窦振中.模糊逻辑控制技术及其应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1995.
①葛安林.一种汽车智能换挡体系的研究[J].中国机械工程,2001,18(5):585-588.
②Hiroshi Yamaguchi,Yasushi Narita,Hiroshi Takahashi.Automatic Transmission Shift Schedule Control Using Fuzzy Logic[C].SAE,930674.
③周学建,付主木,张文春.车辆自动变速器换挡规律的研究现状与展望[J].农业机械学报,2003,34(3):139-141.
④王卓,赵丁选.工程车辆自动变速器换挡的神经网络控制系统[J].西安交通大学学报,2002,36(3):274-277.
①李国勇.智能控制及其MATLAB实现[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
②Koki Hayashi,Yoshinao Shimizu,Yasuhiko Dote.Neuro Fuzzy Transmission Control for Automobile with Variable Loads[J].IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology,1995,3(1):49-53.
③贾元华,周立元.自动变速器模糊换挡及其控制理论研究[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2005,4(4):33-36.
④候培国,孙传铭,路泽永.神经网络在汽车自动换挡判别中的应用[J].中国测试技术,2007,33(2):64-66.
⑤B. K. Powell, J. A. Cook. Nonlinear Low Frequency Phenomenological Engine Modeling and Analysis[J]. Proc. ACC, 1987: 332~340.
①葛安林,李焕松等.动态三参数最佳换档规律的研究[J].汽车工程,1992.
①宋国民、王锦雯、何仁.基于模糊综合评判的汽车换档规律研究[J].江苏理工大学学报,1998,19(2):27～31.
②申水文、葛安林.基于二参数换档规律的模糊换档技术[J].汽车技术,1998(1):9～12.
①王丽芳.自动变速器换档规律确定方法的研究[J].汽车技术,1998(6):7～9.
②龚捷、赵丁选.工程车辆自动变速器换档规律研究及自动控制仿真[J].西安交通大学学报,2001,35(9):930～934.
③Yasuo Hojo, Kunihiro, Iwatsuki, Hidehirooba, Kazunori, Ishikawa. Toyota 5-Speed Automatic Transmission with Application of Modern control Theory[J].传动技术,2001(2).
④Wilheim Haerdtle, Karl-Fritz Heinzeimann. Automatic transmissions for trucks and coaches: experiences in development and application[J].传动技术,2001(4).
⑤Quan Zheng, Krishnaswamy Srinivasan, Giorgio Rizzoni. Transmission shift controller design based on a dynamic model of transmission response[J]. Control Engineering Practice 7(1999):1007-1014.
①Ge Anlin & Others. Research on Dynamic 3-parameter Gear-Shift Schedule[C]. SAE 912488, 1991.
①Jo Han-Sang,Park Yeong-Il, Lee Jang-Moo, Jang Wood-Jin, Park Jin-Ho, Lim Won-Sik. Study on the improvement of the shift characteristics for the passenger car automatic transmission[J]. International Journal of Vehicle Design, 2000,v23 (3).
②申水文,葛安林.模糊换档技术与综合换档规律[J].农业工程学报,1997(3):145～149.
①M Goetz, M C Levesley, D A Crolla. Dynamics and control of gearshifts on twin-clutch transmission[J]. IMechE, 2005: 951~953.
②Toshimichi Minowa, Tatsuya Ochi and Hiroshi Kuroiwa. Smooth Gear Shift Control Technology for Clutch-to-Clutch Shifting[C]. SAE, 1999-01.
③Webster, H. A fully automatic vehicle transmission using a lay shaft type gearbox[C]. SAE, 1981.
①MM Goetz, M C Levesley, D A Crolla. Integrated Powertrain Control of Gearshifts on Twin Clutch Transmissions[C]. SAE, 2004-01.
①Tomas C. Bowen, Rochester Hills. Twin clutch automated transmission with integrated transfer case[J]. US. 0088291, 2002-07.
曹桂军.电控机械式自动变速器传动系综合控制研究[D].长春:吉林工业大学,2003.
窦振中.模糊逻辑控制技术及其应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1995.
葛安林.车辆自动变速器理论与设计[M].机械工业出版社,1995年.
葛安林.车辆自动变速理论与设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1993.
葛安林,李焕松,武文治等.动态三参数最佳换挡规律的研究[J].汽车工程,1992,14(4): 239-247.
葛安林.一种汽车智能换挡体系的研究[J].中国机械工程,2001,18(5):585-588.
葛安林.自动变速器[J].汽车技术,2001-10.
龚捷、赵丁选.工程车辆自动变速器换档规律研究及自动控制仿真[J].西安交通大学学报, 2001,35(9):930～934.
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