直接空冷凝汽器喷雾降温系统流动传热特性研究
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摘要
为解决夏季高背压运行影响汽轮机安全问题,保证机组出力,空冷发电厂采用喷雾降温的方法作为尖峰度夏措施。本文对空冷凝汽器喷雾降温的关键问题进行了研究。
建立适用于低雷诺数条件下空气在翅片间的流动及传热的物理数学模型。分析钎焊蛇形铝翅片的钢制扁平管空气侧流动换热特性,发现蛇形翅片扁平基管后部存在的涡流区使翅片强化换热的作用减弱,对影响空气侧传热和流动性能的因素进行了分析。
运用计算流体力学的方法,采用多孔介质模型对电厂空冷凝汽器风机和A型框架空气侧流场进行了三维计算,得到了空冷单元内部的速度、温度和压力的分布。
在准确描述蛇形翅片扁平管和空冷凝汽器单元空气侧流动换热特性的数学模型基础上,采用自底向上的方法,利用翅片通道细部计算结果获取整根翅片管的温度分布,尝试提出解决空冷凝汽器传热这类多尺度问题的方法。
分析了喷雾冷却的理论过程,指出绝热饱和温度是喷水使空气达到饱和湿空气状态的最低温度,并给出了编程计算绝热饱和温度的方法。
建立了液滴蒸发的数学物理模型,并对模型进行了求解,分析了液滴在空气中的蒸发寿命,液滴的温度及直径随环境温度和湿度变化的规律。
基于couple算法,采用κ-ε模型,在综合两相流、传热传质理论并结合实际运行效果的基础上,建立了空冷单元加装喷雾降温系统的数值分析模型,分析了喷雾降温系统对空冷凝汽器的换热影响,表明加装喷雾降温装置的确可以增强空冷凝汽器的换热,提高机组经济性和安全性。得到了影响喷淋冷却系统换热效果的主要因素,结果表明：雾滴与空气接触面积的大小,液滴在换热区停留时间是影响液滴与空气热质交换强弱程度的重要因素。
The higher operating pressure of air cooled power plant greatly affects the safety and power output of steam turbine in summer, so the method of reducing air temperature by spray cooling is used. The key technologics and solution scheme of summer operation were approached in this paper.
According to the low Reynolds number, the physical model regarding heat transfer and flow characteristic between fins are analyzed. Based on the model, the air-side heat transfer characteristics of the wavy finned flat tube are investigated in detail. The results indicated that the eddy region behind the tube lessen the heat transfer of tube fin. The parameters such as the air velocity and temperature, which affect the airside flow and heat transfer performance, are analyzed. A3D air flow field calculation is carried out, for the air-cooled condenser's air fan and the A-shaped frame-work, in one power plant. The fin side of the condenser tubes is simplified by using a porous medium model. The distribution of velocity, temperature and pressure, within the air-cooled unit, is obtained. On the basis of the accurate physical models regarding flow and heat transfer characteristic between fins and air-condenser unit, using fins model detail calculation to obtain the temperature distribution of the whole finned tube by the bottom-up approach, and try to solve the multi-scale problems such as that ploblems in air-condenser system.
The theoretical process of spray cooling is analyzed in this paper. The method of calculating the adiabatic saturated temperature by programming is given and the research shows that the adiabatic saturated temperature is the lowest temperature that makes the air saturated by spraying cooling system. Mathematic and Physical model of droplet evaporation is developed and solved. Droplet evaporation time in air condenser is analyzed with the model. The variation rule of the temperature and diameter of droplet with the ambient temperature and humidity is obtained.
With couple algorithm and k-ε model, applying the heat and mass transfer theory for two-phase of air and water, numerical analysis model of spray cooling system is established. Influence of heat exchanging performance of the direct air cooling island by installing the spray cooling device has been researched and analyzed. Indeed the installation of spray cooling system in the direct air-cooling system can improve heat transfer and enhance the units economic and security. The results show that the important factors of influencing heat exchange are the size of the droplets and air contact area and the residence time of droplets in hot spots.
建立适用于低雷诺数条件下空气在翅片间的流动及传热的物理数学模型。分析钎焊蛇形铝翅片的钢制扁平管空气侧流动换热特性,发现蛇形翅片扁平基管后部存在的涡流区使翅片强化换热的作用减弱,对影响空气侧传热和流动性能的因素进行了分析。
运用计算流体力学的方法,采用多孔介质模型对电厂空冷凝汽器风机和A型框架空气侧流场进行了三维计算,得到了空冷单元内部的速度、温度和压力的分布。
在准确描述蛇形翅片扁平管和空冷凝汽器单元空气侧流动换热特性的数学模型基础上,采用自底向上的方法,利用翅片通道细部计算结果获取整根翅片管的温度分布,尝试提出解决空冷凝汽器传热这类多尺度问题的方法。
分析了喷雾冷却的理论过程,指出绝热饱和温度是喷水使空气达到饱和湿空气状态的最低温度,并给出了编程计算绝热饱和温度的方法。
建立了液滴蒸发的数学物理模型,并对模型进行了求解,分析了液滴在空气中的蒸发寿命,液滴的温度及直径随环境温度和湿度变化的规律。
基于couple算法,采用κ-ε模型,在综合两相流、传热传质理论并结合实际运行效果的基础上,建立了空冷单元加装喷雾降温系统的数值分析模型,分析了喷雾降温系统对空冷凝汽器的换热影响,表明加装喷雾降温装置的确可以增强空冷凝汽器的换热,提高机组经济性和安全性。得到了影响喷淋冷却系统换热效果的主要因素,结果表明：雾滴与空气接触面积的大小,液滴在换热区停留时间是影响液滴与空气热质交换强弱程度的重要因素。
The higher operating pressure of air cooled power plant greatly affects the safety and power output of steam turbine in summer, so the method of reducing air temperature by spray cooling is used. The key technologics and solution scheme of summer operation were approached in this paper.
According to the low Reynolds number, the physical model regarding heat transfer and flow characteristic between fins are analyzed. Based on the model, the air-side heat transfer characteristics of the wavy finned flat tube are investigated in detail. The results indicated that the eddy region behind the tube lessen the heat transfer of tube fin. The parameters such as the air velocity and temperature, which affect the airside flow and heat transfer performance, are analyzed. A3D air flow field calculation is carried out, for the air-cooled condenser's air fan and the A-shaped frame-work, in one power plant. The fin side of the condenser tubes is simplified by using a porous medium model. The distribution of velocity, temperature and pressure, within the air-cooled unit, is obtained. On the basis of the accurate physical models regarding flow and heat transfer characteristic between fins and air-condenser unit, using fins model detail calculation to obtain the temperature distribution of the whole finned tube by the bottom-up approach, and try to solve the multi-scale problems such as that ploblems in air-condenser system.
The theoretical process of spray cooling is analyzed in this paper. The method of calculating the adiabatic saturated temperature by programming is given and the research shows that the adiabatic saturated temperature is the lowest temperature that makes the air saturated by spraying cooling system. Mathematic and Physical model of droplet evaporation is developed and solved. Droplet evaporation time in air condenser is analyzed with the model. The variation rule of the temperature and diameter of droplet with the ambient temperature and humidity is obtained.
With couple algorithm and k-ε model, applying the heat and mass transfer theory for two-phase of air and water, numerical analysis model of spray cooling system is established. Influence of heat exchanging performance of the direct air cooling island by installing the spray cooling device has been researched and analyzed. Indeed the installation of spray cooling system in the direct air-cooling system can improve heat transfer and enhance the units economic and security. The results show that the important factors of influencing heat exchange are the size of the droplets and air contact area and the residence time of droplets in hot spots.
引文
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