利用雷达自身设备实现有源相控阵天线监测与校准
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摘要
有源相控阵天线的监测和校准技术,是随着有源相控阵天线技术的发展而不断进步的一门综合性技术。它的主要任务是保证天线在整个生命周期内的性能特性、可靠性和可维修性,对有源相控阵天线进行故障判断、定位、性能评估、校准,完成保障和维护。从技术的角度看,它属于测试与测量技术,所涉及的技术几乎涵盖了电子技术的各个方面,如天线微波电磁场、接收机技术、测试信息提取(信号处理,包括A/D、数字电路)、测试数据获取和处理、软件算法、软件编程技术等。对这些技术都必须进行研究,才能够完成任务,最终获得系统的最佳性能。
每一部装备了有源相控阵的雷达都需要一个这样的机内测量系统,以便随时保证雷达的耳目——天线系统的良好性能。因此,监校系统是一种针对特定雷达的,功能相对独立的专用测量系统。对这样的系统进行研究,必须从被测件和测试系统本身两个方面同时进行。
本文把有源相控阵天线监测校准技术和雷达设备技术相结合进行研究,对完全利用雷达自身设备,实现有源相控阵天线监测校准进行了分析和详细设计,把这一新思路付褚实现。
某雷达工程实验平台需要研制相应的监校系统,研究将以此为平台进行。
本文的组织结构按照以下的思路开展:
对有源相控阵天线技术进行简单回顾,对天线监测与校准系统的任务需求进行明确;
了解有源相控阵天线监校系统的各种测试方法,分析各种测试方法是否适用于此次任务;
研究已有的各种监校方法的原理、组成和性能、特点;
结合任务雷达实验平台,选择合适的系统组成方案;
仔细阐述方案实现过程,对各组成部分进行研究;
采用本方案得到的结果的性能分析,精度和误差
将来的预想和展望
Active phased array antenna calibration and monitoring technology, along with active phased array antenna technology development and the advancement of a comprehensive technology. Its main task is to ensure that the antenna throughout the life cycle of the performance characteristics, reliability and maintainability, the active phased array antenna to determine fault, location, performance evaluation, calibration, the completion of security and maintenance. From a technical point of view, it belongs to the test and measurement technology, the technology involved in covering almost all aspects of electronic technology, electromagnetic fields, such as microwave antenna, receiver technology, information extraction test (signal processing, including the A/D, digital circuit) Test data acquisition and processing, software algorithms, software programming, and so must look to complete the task function, the system was ultimately the best performance.
Each equipped with active phased array radar requires a machine with such a measurement system, at any time in order to ensure the radar eyes and ears - a good antenna system performance. Therefore, the supervisor of the school system is a radar-specific, relatively independent of the special features measurement system. Such a system of research, it is necessary to test and test pieces of the system itself both at the same time.
A radar test platform for the development needs of the prison school system, the study will be carried out as a platform.
In this paper, the organizational structure carried out in accordance with the of the active phased array antenna technology to conduct a following ideas:
brief review, monitoring and antenna on the school system needs a clear mandate;
understanding of the active phased array antenna prison school system test Methods to analyze a variety of testing methods applicable to the task;
Research has been monitoring the various methods of the school's principle, task of combining the composition and performance characteristics;experimental radar platform, choose the right composition System program;
carefully on the process of the realization of the program, on the part of the The analysis of the performance, accuracy and study;
The use of this program Error and expected future prospects.
每一部装备了有源相控阵的雷达都需要一个这样的机内测量系统,以便随时保证雷达的耳目——天线系统的良好性能。因此,监校系统是一种针对特定雷达的,功能相对独立的专用测量系统。对这样的系统进行研究,必须从被测件和测试系统本身两个方面同时进行。
本文把有源相控阵天线监测校准技术和雷达设备技术相结合进行研究,对完全利用雷达自身设备,实现有源相控阵天线监测校准进行了分析和详细设计,把这一新思路付褚实现。
某雷达工程实验平台需要研制相应的监校系统,研究将以此为平台进行。
本文的组织结构按照以下的思路开展:
对有源相控阵天线技术进行简单回顾,对天线监测与校准系统的任务需求进行明确;
了解有源相控阵天线监校系统的各种测试方法,分析各种测试方法是否适用于此次任务;
研究已有的各种监校方法的原理、组成和性能、特点;
结合任务雷达实验平台,选择合适的系统组成方案;
仔细阐述方案实现过程,对各组成部分进行研究;
采用本方案得到的结果的性能分析,精度和误差
将来的预想和展望
Active phased array antenna calibration and monitoring technology, along with active phased array antenna technology development and the advancement of a comprehensive technology. Its main task is to ensure that the antenna throughout the life cycle of the performance characteristics, reliability and maintainability, the active phased array antenna to determine fault, location, performance evaluation, calibration, the completion of security and maintenance. From a technical point of view, it belongs to the test and measurement technology, the technology involved in covering almost all aspects of electronic technology, electromagnetic fields, such as microwave antenna, receiver technology, information extraction test (signal processing, including the A/D, digital circuit) Test data acquisition and processing, software algorithms, software programming, and so must look to complete the task function, the system was ultimately the best performance.
Each equipped with active phased array radar requires a machine with such a measurement system, at any time in order to ensure the radar eyes and ears - a good antenna system performance. Therefore, the supervisor of the school system is a radar-specific, relatively independent of the special features measurement system. Such a system of research, it is necessary to test and test pieces of the system itself both at the same time.
A radar test platform for the development needs of the prison school system, the study will be carried out as a platform.
In this paper, the organizational structure carried out in accordance with the of the active phased array antenna technology to conduct a following ideas:
brief review, monitoring and antenna on the school system needs a clear mandate;
understanding of the active phased array antenna prison school system test Methods to analyze a variety of testing methods applicable to the task;
Research has been monitoring the various methods of the school's principle, task of combining the composition and performance characteristics;experimental radar platform, choose the right composition System program;
carefully on the process of the realization of the program, on the part of the The analysis of the performance, accuracy and study;
The use of this program Error and expected future prospects.
引文
[1]г.г.布勃诺夫.相控阵天线特性换相测量法[M].十四所,1996
[2]张光义.相控阵雷达系统[M].1994
[3]张良,靖季洛.固态有源相控阵雷达的幅相误差影响分析及其校准方法研究[J].现代雷达,1995.6
[4]牛宝君.大型相控阵外监测系统[J].现代雷达1999.1
[5]文树梁.一种有源天线阵通道幅相误差监测与校正技术[J].系统工程与电子技术.1995(7):17-22
[6]李春化,张汉祥.雷达监控系统的设计[J].火控雷达技术.1992(4):8-13
[7]吴祖权.有源相控阵雷达阵面监测方法及其实验研究[J].现代雷达.1998(5):1-7
[8]殷连生.微波大系统相移精测的交叉换位法[J].电子学报.1987.3月
[9]高铁、王金元.大型有源相控阵校准的MCM法及其误码差分析[J].微波学报.2002(1):6-9
[10]程强.有源相控阵系统通道幅度/相位联合校准算法研究[C].中国电子学会对抗分会第12届学术年会论文集(231-235)
[11]wilhem Sander.Monitoring and Calibration Of Active Phased Arrays[G].雷达校准技术文集.2001:45-51
[12]束咸荣.相控阵天线外监测系统电磁关系分析及优设计[J].微波学报.2002(2):45-48
[13]wilhelm Sander.有源相控阵天线的监测与校准[G].雷达校准技术文集.2001
[14]韩天华.试论雷达的自动监控与检测[J].机载雷达技术.1996.3月
[15]杨华淑.机载有源相控阵天线的收/发组件[J].空载雷达.1997(4)
[16]陈绪元,郑琦.采用外监测法对有源阵面的测量、修正及故障判断[C].第七届全国雷达学术年会论文集.1999
[17]张绪锦.雷达自动幅相监测的实现[C].第八届全国雷达学术年会论文集.2002:280-283
[18]江卫,洪雨宁,郭燕昌.固态有源相控阵适当相位加权自适应算法[C].信息战 电子战 雷达对抗技术研讨会论文集.1998:203-208
[19]徐晋.系统幅相监测中的倒相现象及其消除[J].雷达科学与技术.2004(1):215-218
[20]郑雪飞,高铁.相控阵天线中场校正技术研究[J].微波学报.2005(5)
[22]CharlesShipley,Don Woods.Mutual coupling-based calibration of phased array antennas[G].雷达校准技术文集.2001:19-22
[23]H.M.Aumann,A.J.Fenn,F.G.Willwerth.Phased Array Antenna Calibration and Pattern Prediction Using Mutual Coupling Measurements[J].IEEE Trans.Antennas Propagation.1989(7).vol37:844-850
[24]Nakato Kojima.Measurement and Evaluation Techniques for An Airborne Active Phased Array Antenna[J].IEEE Trans.Antennas Propagation.1996
[25]Kuan-Min Lee,Ruey-Shi Chu,Sien-Chang Liu.A Biult-In Performance-Monitoring/Fault Isolation and Correction(PM/FIC) System for Active Phased-Array Antennas[J].IEEE Trans.Antennas Propagation.1993
[26]Kuan-Min Lee,Ruey-Shi Chu,Sien-Chang Liu.A Performance-Monitoring/Fault Isolation and Correction System of A Phased-Array Antenna using transmission-line signal injection with phase toggling method[J].IEEE Trans.Antennas Propagation.1992.vol1:429-432
[27]Dr.ir.G.H.C van Werkhoven.Calibration aspects of the APAR antenna unit[G].雷达校准技术文集.2001.248-251
[28]李中祥译.精密弹道测定雷达校准中的误差源[G].雷达校准技术文集.2001.286-296
[29]鲁加国,吴曼青.基于FFT的相控阵雷达校准方法[J].电波科学学报.2002(2)
[30]Agrawal A,Jablon A.A calibration technique for active phased array antennas[J].Phased Array Systems and Technology,2003.IEEE.2003:223-228
[31]Hampson.,G.A.,Smolders.A.B.A fast and accurate scheme for calibration of active phased-array antennas[J].Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium,1999.IEEE.1999.vol:1040-1043
[32]廖昌明.有源相控阵雷达波束控制系统的设计[J].现代雷达.2000(3):7-10
[33]杨华淑.机载有源相控阵天线[J].空载雷达.1999(1):39-43
[34]张海燕.第四代喷气式战斗机的火控雷达[J].航空与航天.1997(3):27-31
[35]李春化.关于雷达系统BIT模块化工作的考虑[J].火控雷达技术.1995(3):5-10
[36]刘岱,杨润亭.现代机载火控雷达软件的主要功能[J].现代雷达.1996(2):57-61
[37]J.de Graaf etc.Calibration Overview of the AMRFC Test Bed[J].IEEE.2003
[38]J.K.Mulcahey etc.Calibration and diagnostics of THAAD solid phased array in a planar nearfield facility[J].IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology.1996:322-326
[39]H.Shnitkin.Rapid fast fourier transform phase alignment of an electronically scanned antenna[C].20th European Microwave Conference.1996:322-326
[40]Willhelm sander.Monitoring and Calibration of Active Phased Arrays[J].IEEE 1985International Radar Conference.1985:45-51
[41]Herbert M.Aumann,Alan J.Fenn,Frank G.Willwerth.Phased array antenna calibration and pattern prediction using mutual coupling measurements[J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNA AND PROPAGATION,VOL 37,NO.7,JULY 1989
[42]Gao Tie.Large active phased array antenna calibration using MCM[J].IEEE AP-S 2001:606-609
[43]Gao Tie,Wang Jinyuan.Large Phased array antenna calibration using mutual coupling method[C].International conference on Radar,2001:223-226
[44]Joy Laskar,Babak Matinpour,Sudipto Chakraborty,Modern Receiver Front Ends Systems Circuits and Integratio[M].John Wiley&Sons,Inc,2004
[44]周启平,张扬,吴琼.VxWorks开发指南与Tornado实用手册[M].中国电力出版社.2004年7月出版
[45]WilhemSander.有源相控阵天线的监测与定标[G].雷达校准技术文集.2001:55-66
[46]SUBMICRON CMOS COMPONENTS FOR PLLBASED FREQUENCY SYNTHESISED],SYED IRFAN AHMEO,thesis of Master of Applied Science,Carleton University,Ottawa,Ontario,August,2002
[2]张光义.相控阵雷达系统[M].1994
[3]张良,靖季洛.固态有源相控阵雷达的幅相误差影响分析及其校准方法研究[J].现代雷达,1995.6
[4]牛宝君.大型相控阵外监测系统[J].现代雷达1999.1
[5]文树梁.一种有源天线阵通道幅相误差监测与校正技术[J].系统工程与电子技术.1995(7):17-22
[6]李春化,张汉祥.雷达监控系统的设计[J].火控雷达技术.1992(4):8-13
[7]吴祖权.有源相控阵雷达阵面监测方法及其实验研究[J].现代雷达.1998(5):1-7
[8]殷连生.微波大系统相移精测的交叉换位法[J].电子学报.1987.3月
[9]高铁、王金元.大型有源相控阵校准的MCM法及其误码差分析[J].微波学报.2002(1):6-9
[10]程强.有源相控阵系统通道幅度/相位联合校准算法研究[C].中国电子学会对抗分会第12届学术年会论文集(231-235)
[11]wilhem Sander.Monitoring and Calibration Of Active Phased Arrays[G].雷达校准技术文集.2001:45-51
[12]束咸荣.相控阵天线外监测系统电磁关系分析及优设计[J].微波学报.2002(2):45-48
[13]wilhelm Sander.有源相控阵天线的监测与校准[G].雷达校准技术文集.2001
[14]韩天华.试论雷达的自动监控与检测[J].机载雷达技术.1996.3月
[15]杨华淑.机载有源相控阵天线的收/发组件[J].空载雷达.1997(4)
[16]陈绪元,郑琦.采用外监测法对有源阵面的测量、修正及故障判断[C].第七届全国雷达学术年会论文集.1999
[17]张绪锦.雷达自动幅相监测的实现[C].第八届全国雷达学术年会论文集.2002:280-283
[18]江卫,洪雨宁,郭燕昌.固态有源相控阵适当相位加权自适应算法[C].信息战 电子战 雷达对抗技术研讨会论文集.1998:203-208
[19]徐晋.系统幅相监测中的倒相现象及其消除[J].雷达科学与技术.2004(1):215-218
[20]郑雪飞,高铁.相控阵天线中场校正技术研究[J].微波学报.2005(5)
[22]CharlesShipley,Don Woods.Mutual coupling-based calibration of phased array antennas[G].雷达校准技术文集.2001:19-22
[23]H.M.Aumann,A.J.Fenn,F.G.Willwerth.Phased Array Antenna Calibration and Pattern Prediction Using Mutual Coupling Measurements[J].IEEE Trans.Antennas Propagation.1989(7).vol37:844-850
[24]Nakato Kojima.Measurement and Evaluation Techniques for An Airborne Active Phased Array Antenna[J].IEEE Trans.Antennas Propagation.1996
[25]Kuan-Min Lee,Ruey-Shi Chu,Sien-Chang Liu.A Biult-In Performance-Monitoring/Fault Isolation and Correction(PM/FIC) System for Active Phased-Array Antennas[J].IEEE Trans.Antennas Propagation.1993
[26]Kuan-Min Lee,Ruey-Shi Chu,Sien-Chang Liu.A Performance-Monitoring/Fault Isolation and Correction System of A Phased-Array Antenna using transmission-line signal injection with phase toggling method[J].IEEE Trans.Antennas Propagation.1992.vol1:429-432
[27]Dr.ir.G.H.C van Werkhoven.Calibration aspects of the APAR antenna unit[G].雷达校准技术文集.2001.248-251
[28]李中祥译.精密弹道测定雷达校准中的误差源[G].雷达校准技术文集.2001.286-296
[29]鲁加国,吴曼青.基于FFT的相控阵雷达校准方法[J].电波科学学报.2002(2)
[30]Agrawal A,Jablon A.A calibration technique for active phased array antennas[J].Phased Array Systems and Technology,2003.IEEE.2003:223-228
[31]Hampson.,G.A.,Smolders.A.B.A fast and accurate scheme for calibration of active phased-array antennas[J].Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium,1999.IEEE.1999.vol:1040-1043
[32]廖昌明.有源相控阵雷达波束控制系统的设计[J].现代雷达.2000(3):7-10
[33]杨华淑.机载有源相控阵天线[J].空载雷达.1999(1):39-43
[34]张海燕.第四代喷气式战斗机的火控雷达[J].航空与航天.1997(3):27-31
[35]李春化.关于雷达系统BIT模块化工作的考虑[J].火控雷达技术.1995(3):5-10
[36]刘岱,杨润亭.现代机载火控雷达软件的主要功能[J].现代雷达.1996(2):57-61
[37]J.de Graaf etc.Calibration Overview of the AMRFC Test Bed[J].IEEE.2003
[38]J.K.Mulcahey etc.Calibration and diagnostics of THAAD solid phased array in a planar nearfield facility[J].IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology.1996:322-326
[39]H.Shnitkin.Rapid fast fourier transform phase alignment of an electronically scanned antenna[C].20th European Microwave Conference.1996:322-326
[40]Willhelm sander.Monitoring and Calibration of Active Phased Arrays[J].IEEE 1985International Radar Conference.1985:45-51
[41]Herbert M.Aumann,Alan J.Fenn,Frank G.Willwerth.Phased array antenna calibration and pattern prediction using mutual coupling measurements[J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNA AND PROPAGATION,VOL 37,NO.7,JULY 1989
[42]Gao Tie.Large active phased array antenna calibration using MCM[J].IEEE AP-S 2001:606-609
[43]Gao Tie,Wang Jinyuan.Large Phased array antenna calibration using mutual coupling method[C].International conference on Radar,2001:223-226
[44]Joy Laskar,Babak Matinpour,Sudipto Chakraborty,Modern Receiver Front Ends Systems Circuits and Integratio[M].John Wiley&Sons,Inc,2004
[44]周启平,张扬,吴琼.VxWorks开发指南与Tornado实用手册[M].中国电力出版社.2004年7月出版
[45]WilhemSander.有源相控阵天线的监测与定标[G].雷达校准技术文集.2001:55-66
[46]SUBMICRON CMOS COMPONENTS FOR PLLBASED FREQUENCY SYNTHESISED],SYED IRFAN AHMEO,thesis of Master of Applied Science,Carleton University,Ottawa,Ontario,August,2002