基于M模型的低密度物料旋风分离器分离性能研究
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摘要
旋风分离器作为一种重要的气固分离设备,因其具有结构简单、维护方便、造价低、耐高温高压等优点,在石油、化工、冶金、环保等许多领域有着广泛的应用。使得旋风分离器的研究越来越受到重视。
本文的主要工作是利用Muschelknautz模型(M模型),计算用于低密度物料生产的旋风分离器,得到该旋风分离器的结构尺寸、切割粒径和总压降。同时利用流体力学软件FLUENT对所设计的分离设备进行了数值模拟。研究了纯气相流场、气固两相流场两种情况下的速度变化和浓度变化对分离效率的影响。研究结果表明：旋风分离器内的气相主流是双层旋流,外部是向下旋转的外旋流,中心是向上旋转的内旋流,它们的旋转方向相同的；旋风分离器中旋涡具有不稳定性,它会引起旋风尾部附着在旋风分离器下部壁面并旋转摆动,使得返混现象变严重,同时还会引起结垢现象；旋风分离器的静压力、各方向速度和固体颗粒分离率都随处理气量的增大而增大,流体呈漩涡状沿器壁旋转向下,外旋流的压强较高,内旋流的压强较低,分离器中心处的静压最低,固体颗粒集中分布在中间段的器壁上；随着气体中颗粒浓度的增大,分离总效率及分级效率都逐渐增大,当浓度达到某一定值时,各种粒径颗粒的分离效率都会趋于稳定；M模型预测结果与数值模拟结果非常接近,说明采用M模型对低密度物料旋风分离器进行预测具有较好的准确性。
本文为M模型在低密度物料旋风分离器中的应用研究提出了新思路。同时,通过对旋风分离器的数值模拟,可以优化旋风分离器的结构,大大缩短研发周期,具有重要的工程应用价值。
As important gas-solid separation equipment, due to the advantages such as simple structure, easy maintenance, low cost, high temperature resistant and high pressure resistant, cyclone separator is applied in wide range areas of petroleum, chemical, metallurgical,environmental protection and many other fields, and the research of which is attracting increasing attention.
The main works are that cyclone separator for the low density of material production is calculated with Muschelknautz model (M-model), and its structure size, cut size and total pressure drop are obtained. At the same time numerically simulation is carried on for separator through computer's fluid software FLUENT. The simulation research is deal with that influence of change in pressure, velocity and density change for eddy current characteristics and separation efficiency by pure gas phase flow field and gas-solid two-phase flow field. Thus it is shown that The motion characteristics of gas phase flow field of the cyclone separator inner is double hydro-cyclone mainly, where outer part rotate downward, center layer upward and rotation direction is same; Cyclone separator's swirl with instability result in vortex core tail or ends attached at separator bottom wall and swings, causes reflux of mixing phenomenon, and causes scale formation; Cyclone separator's static pressure, speed of each direction and separation efficiency of solid particle increases with increase of handled gas. Flow with is swirling along the wall downward, pressure of the outer part is high, the pressure of center is low, the solid particles are concentrated distribution in the middle wall section mainly; With increase of particle concentration in gas, separating efficiency increase gradually. While the concentration increases to a certain amount that is a threshold, separation efficiency of particle wouldn't increase again, and come to stability; Predicted result of M-model is approaching to numerical simulation result, which demonstrates the forecast for low density of material cyclone separator with M-model has good accuracy.
This article provides new ideas for application and research of low density material cyclone separator with M-model. At the same time, numerical simulation study is carried on for cyclone separator, thus characteristic of separator internal flow field is known, and there is important engineering application value for structure optimizing of the separator, shorten research and development cycle.
本文的主要工作是利用Muschelknautz模型(M模型),计算用于低密度物料生产的旋风分离器,得到该旋风分离器的结构尺寸、切割粒径和总压降。同时利用流体力学软件FLUENT对所设计的分离设备进行了数值模拟。研究了纯气相流场、气固两相流场两种情况下的速度变化和浓度变化对分离效率的影响。研究结果表明：旋风分离器内的气相主流是双层旋流,外部是向下旋转的外旋流,中心是向上旋转的内旋流,它们的旋转方向相同的；旋风分离器中旋涡具有不稳定性,它会引起旋风尾部附着在旋风分离器下部壁面并旋转摆动,使得返混现象变严重,同时还会引起结垢现象；旋风分离器的静压力、各方向速度和固体颗粒分离率都随处理气量的增大而增大,流体呈漩涡状沿器壁旋转向下,外旋流的压强较高,内旋流的压强较低,分离器中心处的静压最低,固体颗粒集中分布在中间段的器壁上；随着气体中颗粒浓度的增大,分离总效率及分级效率都逐渐增大,当浓度达到某一定值时,各种粒径颗粒的分离效率都会趋于稳定；M模型预测结果与数值模拟结果非常接近,说明采用M模型对低密度物料旋风分离器进行预测具有较好的准确性。
本文为M模型在低密度物料旋风分离器中的应用研究提出了新思路。同时,通过对旋风分离器的数值模拟,可以优化旋风分离器的结构,大大缩短研发周期,具有重要的工程应用价值。
As important gas-solid separation equipment, due to the advantages such as simple structure, easy maintenance, low cost, high temperature resistant and high pressure resistant, cyclone separator is applied in wide range areas of petroleum, chemical, metallurgical,environmental protection and many other fields, and the research of which is attracting increasing attention.
The main works are that cyclone separator for the low density of material production is calculated with Muschelknautz model (M-model), and its structure size, cut size and total pressure drop are obtained. At the same time numerically simulation is carried on for separator through computer's fluid software FLUENT. The simulation research is deal with that influence of change in pressure, velocity and density change for eddy current characteristics and separation efficiency by pure gas phase flow field and gas-solid two-phase flow field. Thus it is shown that The motion characteristics of gas phase flow field of the cyclone separator inner is double hydro-cyclone mainly, where outer part rotate downward, center layer upward and rotation direction is same; Cyclone separator's swirl with instability result in vortex core tail or ends attached at separator bottom wall and swings, causes reflux of mixing phenomenon, and causes scale formation; Cyclone separator's static pressure, speed of each direction and separation efficiency of solid particle increases with increase of handled gas. Flow with is swirling along the wall downward, pressure of the outer part is high, the pressure of center is low, the solid particles are concentrated distribution in the middle wall section mainly; With increase of particle concentration in gas, separating efficiency increase gradually. While the concentration increases to a certain amount that is a threshold, separation efficiency of particle wouldn't increase again, and come to stability; Predicted result of M-model is approaching to numerical simulation result, which demonstrates the forecast for low density of material cyclone separator with M-model has good accuracy.
This article provides new ideas for application and research of low density material cyclone separator with M-model. At the same time, numerical simulation study is carried on for cyclone separator, thus characteristic of separator internal flow field is known, and there is important engineering application value for structure optimizing of the separator, shorten research and development cycle.
引文
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[3]蒋明虎,赵立新等.旋流分离技术.哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2000,8-38
[4]周韬.旋风分离器的气固两相特性研究与数值模拟：[硕士学位论文],上海：上海交通大学,2007
[5]陈绍明,吴光兴等.除尘技术的基本理论与应用.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1982,1～105
[6]刘金红.旋风分离器的发展与理论研究现状.上海：化工装备技术,1998,49-50.
[7]郑娟.用于气—水—砂三相分离的水力旋流器的实验研究：[硕士学位论文],大连：大连理工大学,2005
[8]胡满银,赵毅,刘忠.除尘技术.北京：化学工业出版社,2006
[9]姜凤有.工业除尘设备—设计、制作、安装与管理.北京：冶金工业出版社,2007
[10]艾护民.旋风除尘器的结构改进与性能提高.辽宁：燃料与化工,2007,10-12
[11]王少权.垃圾焚烧炉配套袋式除尘器的设计.南京：电力环境保护,2003,31-33
[12]胡志光,王辉,常爱玲.电-袋式除尘器的仿真设计研究.南京：电力环境保
护,2008,7～9[13]党君祥,要刚,钟圣俊.超细粉体在微型旋风分离器中的分级性能研究.济南：中国粉体技术,2006,23-26
[14]葛少成,齐庆杰,邵良杉.毛煤仓下粉尘污染原因及处理.辽宁：辽宁工程技术大学学报,2007,485-487
[15]谭天佑等.工业通风除尘技术.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1984,15-55
[16]Rosin P.Rammler E and Intelmann W.Grundlagen and Grenzen derZyklone ntsaubung.Z,Ver.Dtsch.Ing.1932.430～433
[17]Barth W.Design and layout of the cyclone separator on the basis of new investigations, Brennst..Warme Kraft.1956.1～9.
[18][日]井伊谷刚一马文彦译.除尘装置的性能.北京：机械工业出版社,198,1.
[19]Muschelknuatz.E.Theorieder Flieh kratftab scheidenmit besondered Beruck sichtigung hoher Temperarure Drucke.VDI-Berichte.1993,49～60.
[20]Muschelknuatz.E.Trefz M. Design and calculation of higher and highest loaded gas cyclones.Proceedings of Second World Cogress on Particle Technology.Kyoto.Japan.52～71
[21]Trefz M. Muschelknuatz.E Extended cyclone theory for gas flows with high solids concentration.Chemical Engineering Technolohy.1993.153～160
[22]Muschelknuatz.E Dahl H D.Zykloneals Tropfenabscheider. Chemical Engineering Technolohy.1994.223～229.
[23]Iozia D L and Leith D.Effect of cyclone dimensious on gas flow pattern and collectiou efficiency. Aerosol Science and Technology.1989.491～500.
[24]Iozia D L and Leith D. The logistic function and cyclone fractional efficiency. Aerosol Science and Technology.1990,599～606.
[25]Dietz P.W. Collection efficiency of cyclone separators.AIChEJ.1981.888～892
[26]Ter Linder A.J. Investigation into cyclone dust collectors. Proc. Mech. Eng. 1949.233-240
[27]Leith D.Licth W.The collection efficiency of cyclone tyoe particle collectors:A new theoretical approach.AIChE Symp Series.1972.196～206
[28]Boysan F,Ayers W H and Swithenbank J.A Fundamental Mathematical Mo delingApproach to Cyclone Design.Trans.Inst.Chem.Engrs.1982.222～230.
[29]周力行.湍流两相流动与燃烧的数值模拟.北京：清华大学出版社,1991
[30]岑可法,樊建人.工程气固多相流动的理论与计算.浙江：浙江大学出版社,1990
[31]Huang Rongguo.A Partitioning Parallel Procedure for Numerical Simulationof GasFlow in a Cyclone Separator.Journal of Hvdrodvnamics.2002,52～58
[32]向晓东.现代除尘理论与技术.北京：冶金工业出版社,2002,82～90
[33][丹]A.C.霍夫曼[美]L.E.斯坦因.旋风分离器—原理、设计和工程应用.北京：化学工业出版社,2004
[34]王绍亭,陈涛.化工传递过程基础.北京：化学工业出版社,1998
[35]C.J.Stairrnand.Pressure Drop in Cyclone Separators.Engineering,1949.168～170
[36]王海刚,刘石.不同湍流模型在旋风分离器三维数值模拟中的应用和比较.哈尔滨：热能动力工程,2003,337-342.
[37]钱付平,章名耀.旋风分离器的经验模型与数值预测.南京：东南大学学报(自然科学版),2005,35～39.
[38]胡砾元,周力行等.旋风分离器内三维强湍流流动数值模拟的修正压力应变项模型.北京：工程力学,2005,83-88
[39]钱付平.不同排尘结构及操作条件旋风分离器分离特性的研究：[博士学位论文].东南大学,2006
[40]张海红,旋风分离器流场与分离性能的数值模拟研究：[硕士学位论文].河 南：郑州大学.2004
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