基于QFD的多目标抽样设计研究
摘要
抽样检验在生产的任何阶段,包括生产过程中以及过程末的检验,都对产品质量评估有非常重要的作用。之前的抽检方案设计方法一般是产品生产商与客户之间的非结构化谈判过程。在抽检设计过程中,生产者认为生产商风险α越小越好,而客户认为客户风险β越小越好,同时又必须满足双方的经济要求(利益最大或成本最小)。传统的抽样设计方案不能很好的协调双方的利益冲突。基于此问题,本文对此展开研究。
首先,本文通过对抽样设计理论的回顾以对抽样设计的研究现状做一个较为全面的了解,并且研究了多目标抽样的指标筛选问题。其次研究了多目标抽样的样本容量问题,在考虑成本因素时给出了多目标抽样的最佳样本容量确定方法。最后引入检出期望和检出方差,从一个新的角度来评价抽样方案。
然后,我们介绍了质量功能展开(Quality Function Deployment,简记QFD)的基本概念和原理以及三种重要的问题解决系统。并重点研究了多目标抽样设计情形下的质量屋,同时对质量屋中的顾客要求的确定和权重排序方法以及相关矩阵做了比较详细的研究。
最后,文中对基于QFD的多目标抽样设计给出了计数和计量两种情形下的抽样设计方法分析,并给予了一个案例分析。
文章的主要创新点有以下几点:
首先,本文首次将QFD与多目标抽样相结合以设计一个更好的抽样方案。
其次,之前的抽检方案设计方法一般是产品生产商与客户之间的非结构化谈判过程,本文基于QFD矩阵提出一种结构化设计方法,将产品的生产商和客户统一视作QFD矩阵的顾客,并将定性的顾客要求转化为定量的抽样质量特征,以满足顾客要求。最后,本文将QFD矩阵和合作博弈相结合以设计一个满意抽检方案,协调生产商和客户的利益冲突并满足其经济要求。
Acceptance sampling procedures play a vital role in assessing the product quality at any stage of the manufacturing, both during in-process inspection and during final inspection of the products. Previous methods for designing a sampling plan are of unstructured negotiation process between the producer and the user of a product. During the sampling design process, the producer desires smallerα, the user wants smallerβ, and maximize the profit or minimize the cost. The traditional sampling plan can't harmonize both sides' benefit conflicts. Based this question, we will study this problem.
Firstly, based on the review of sampling theory, we will get a full understanding of the research status about sampling theory, and studied how to select the indicators about multi-object sampling plan. Then we studied the problem about multi-object sampling plan sample size, and give a best method to determine the sample size under cost factor. Lastly introduce two important concepts: outgoing expectation and outgoing variance, to present a new appraisal index of adjust sampling plan.
Then we introduced the basic concept and theory about quality function deployment (QFD), and also introduced three important question solving systems. Then focused on the house of quality (HOQ) under multi-object sampling plan and we study the problem how to determine the customer requirements, the relative weights and correlation matrix in house of quality.
Lastly, this paper gives two cases: count-based and measurement-based multi-object sampling plan based QFD.
The new ideas are as the following:
Firstly, this paper combines the QFD and multi-object sampling plan to design a good sampling plan for the first time. Secondly, previous methods for designing a sampling plan are of unstructured negotiation process between the producer and the user of a product. By applying the QFD matrix, this paper proposes a structured sampling plan designing approach. In the proposed approach, both the producer and the user of a product are treated as the customers of a QFD matrix, and thus customer voices (qualitative) are translated into sampling plan specifications (quantitative) directed at customer satisfaction. Lastly, QFD and cooperative game are adopted to design a structured sampling plan to satisfy the customer's intrinsic requirements and harmonize the benefit conflicts.
首先,本文通过对抽样设计理论的回顾以对抽样设计的研究现状做一个较为全面的了解,并且研究了多目标抽样的指标筛选问题。其次研究了多目标抽样的样本容量问题,在考虑成本因素时给出了多目标抽样的最佳样本容量确定方法。最后引入检出期望和检出方差,从一个新的角度来评价抽样方案。
然后,我们介绍了质量功能展开(Quality Function Deployment,简记QFD)的基本概念和原理以及三种重要的问题解决系统。并重点研究了多目标抽样设计情形下的质量屋,同时对质量屋中的顾客要求的确定和权重排序方法以及相关矩阵做了比较详细的研究。
最后,文中对基于QFD的多目标抽样设计给出了计数和计量两种情形下的抽样设计方法分析,并给予了一个案例分析。
文章的主要创新点有以下几点:
首先,本文首次将QFD与多目标抽样相结合以设计一个更好的抽样方案。
其次,之前的抽检方案设计方法一般是产品生产商与客户之间的非结构化谈判过程,本文基于QFD矩阵提出一种结构化设计方法,将产品的生产商和客户统一视作QFD矩阵的顾客,并将定性的顾客要求转化为定量的抽样质量特征,以满足顾客要求。最后,本文将QFD矩阵和合作博弈相结合以设计一个满意抽检方案,协调生产商和客户的利益冲突并满足其经济要求。
Acceptance sampling procedures play a vital role in assessing the product quality at any stage of the manufacturing, both during in-process inspection and during final inspection of the products. Previous methods for designing a sampling plan are of unstructured negotiation process between the producer and the user of a product. During the sampling design process, the producer desires smallerα, the user wants smallerβ, and maximize the profit or minimize the cost. The traditional sampling plan can't harmonize both sides' benefit conflicts. Based this question, we will study this problem.
Firstly, based on the review of sampling theory, we will get a full understanding of the research status about sampling theory, and studied how to select the indicators about multi-object sampling plan. Then we studied the problem about multi-object sampling plan sample size, and give a best method to determine the sample size under cost factor. Lastly introduce two important concepts: outgoing expectation and outgoing variance, to present a new appraisal index of adjust sampling plan.
Then we introduced the basic concept and theory about quality function deployment (QFD), and also introduced three important question solving systems. Then focused on the house of quality (HOQ) under multi-object sampling plan and we study the problem how to determine the customer requirements, the relative weights and correlation matrix in house of quality.
Lastly, this paper gives two cases: count-based and measurement-based multi-object sampling plan based QFD.
The new ideas are as the following:
Firstly, this paper combines the QFD and multi-object sampling plan to design a good sampling plan for the first time. Secondly, previous methods for designing a sampling plan are of unstructured negotiation process between the producer and the user of a product. By applying the QFD matrix, this paper proposes a structured sampling plan designing approach. In the proposed approach, both the producer and the user of a product are treated as the customers of a QFD matrix, and thus customer voices (qualitative) are translated into sampling plan specifications (quantitative) directed at customer satisfaction. Lastly, QFD and cooperative game are adopted to design a structured sampling plan to satisfy the customer's intrinsic requirements and harmonize the benefit conflicts.
引文
冯长根,惠宁利.1992.抽样设计[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,76-137,202-238.
刘鸿恩.2001.质量功能展开问题解决理论与方法研究[D].上海:上海交通大学安泰管理学院.
刘鸿恩.1996.改进的质量功能展开——(Ⅰ)理论框架[J].系统工程理论与实践,7:64-67.
刘建平,陈光惠.2005.MPPS抽样设计下Hansen-Hurwitz估计量的扩展[J].统计研究,3:60-67.
刘亚.2005.对CPA审计内部控制测试中属性抽样的探讨[D].北京:中国农业大学应用数学系.
林才生.2005.多目标抽样的样本容量研究[J].统计研究,3:62-64.
[美]迈尔斯著 高师俊译.1987.价值工程教程[M].长沙:湖南大学出版社.
宁自军.2001.多目标抽样调查中筛选调查指标方法的研究[J].嘉兴学院学报在,13(4):69-72.
孙政.2007.接受质量限在验收抽样检验中的应用[J].中国质量技术监督,6:39.
苏波,王浣尘.1995.群决策研究的评述[J].决策与决策支持系统,5(3):115-124.
[日]田口玄一著.1990.开发设计阶段的质量工程学[M].北京:兵器工业出版社.
王国明,宋雪清.1996.平衡抽样原理及其在多主题调查设计中的应用[J].统计研究,4:68-70.
王国明,石庆炎.2002.成本条件下多目标复合抽样设计[J].统计研究,11:17-21.
王学民.1999.应用多元分析[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社.
王佐人等.1999.多目标抽样调查中删除指标变量的预测方法[J].统计信息论坛,4:22-27.
谢邦昌原著.张尧庭改编.1998.抽样调查的理论及应用方法[M].北京:中国统计出版社.
肖玲.1994.多主题分层抽样的分层技术[J].统计研究,6:74-76.
中国科学院数学研究所统计组.1977.抽样检验方法[M],北京:科学出版社.
朱钰.1998.抽样调查中的相对误差及其替代指标——构造一种新的适合多目标抽样的误差比较和控制指标[J].山西统计,3:24-26.
张勇等.2006.MPPS抽样设计估计的比较研究[J].统计研究,4:10-15.
张尧庭.1985.抽样技术[M].北京:中国统计出版社,1985.
American Supplier Institute.1987.Quality function deployment implementation manual [R].
Brewer, K R W. 1963. Ratio estimation and finite population: some results deducible from the assumption of an underlying stochastic process [J]. Australian Journal of Statistics, 5:93-105.
Cassel S W. 1976. Some results on generalized difference estimation and generalized regression estimation for finite populations [J]. Biometrika, 3: 615-620.
Chan L K, Wu M L. 2005. A systematic approach to quality function deployment with a full illustrative example [J]. The international Journal of Management Science, 119- 139.
Denton D K. 1990. Enhance competitiveness and customer satisfaction [J]. Industrial Engineering, 2(5): 24-30.
Edward G S and Dan J S. 1999. 'Acceptance Sampling' - a chapter in Juran Quality Handbook [M]. New York: McGraw-Hill International Book Co.
Eng Shwe Aye Ho et all 999. An integrated group decision-making approaches to Quality Function Deployment [J]. IIE Transactions 31: 553-567.
Feigenbaum A V. 1998. The quality leadership opportunities of the 21~(st) century. Proceeding of SISQ-3 [C]. Shanghai.
Hajek J. 1964. Asymptotic theory of rejective sampling with varying probabilities from a finite population. Annual mathematic statistics, 35: 119-127.
Hwang C L, Lin M J. 1987. Group decision making under multiple criteria methods and application [J]. Springer-Verlay.
Lee G H, Kusiak A. 2001. The House of Quality for Design Rule Priority [J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology.
Lou C. 1995. Quality function deployment—How to make QFD work for you [M]. Addison- Wesley publishing company.
Neyman N J. 1934. On the two different aspects of the representative method: The method of stratified sampling and the method of purposive selection [J]. Journal of the Royal statistical Society, 558-606.
Richard E Z. 1993. Priorities: the analytic hierarchy process in QFD[C]. The 5~(th) symposium on QFD, Novi, Michigan, 459-466.
Ronald M F. 1988. Beyond quality: taking SPC upstream [J].Quality Progress, 6:29-35.
Ronald G D. 1993. Quality function deployment-linking a company with its customers [M]. ASQC Quality Press.
Royzen Z. 1993. Application TRIZ in value management and product improvement [C]. The SAVE Proceedings, 28:94-101.
Tadashi Ohfuji. 2000. The principles of QFD and development management [C]. The 44~(th) EOQ congress, Budapest, 298-305.
Wang Z R. 1997. A kind of nonlinear regression estimators collected works of the sixth China-Japan symposium on statistics[C].Xi'an.
Yoji Akao ed. 1990. Quality function deployment: integrating customer requirements into product design [M]. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Product Press.
刘鸿恩.2001.质量功能展开问题解决理论与方法研究[D].上海:上海交通大学安泰管理学院.
刘鸿恩.1996.改进的质量功能展开——(Ⅰ)理论框架[J].系统工程理论与实践,7:64-67.
刘建平,陈光惠.2005.MPPS抽样设计下Hansen-Hurwitz估计量的扩展[J].统计研究,3:60-67.
刘亚.2005.对CPA审计内部控制测试中属性抽样的探讨[D].北京:中国农业大学应用数学系.
林才生.2005.多目标抽样的样本容量研究[J].统计研究,3:62-64.
[美]迈尔斯著 高师俊译.1987.价值工程教程[M].长沙:湖南大学出版社.
宁自军.2001.多目标抽样调查中筛选调查指标方法的研究[J].嘉兴学院学报在,13(4):69-72.
孙政.2007.接受质量限在验收抽样检验中的应用[J].中国质量技术监督,6:39.
苏波,王浣尘.1995.群决策研究的评述[J].决策与决策支持系统,5(3):115-124.
[日]田口玄一著.1990.开发设计阶段的质量工程学[M].北京:兵器工业出版社.
王国明,宋雪清.1996.平衡抽样原理及其在多主题调查设计中的应用[J].统计研究,4:68-70.
王国明,石庆炎.2002.成本条件下多目标复合抽样设计[J].统计研究,11:17-21.
王学民.1999.应用多元分析[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社.
王佐人等.1999.多目标抽样调查中删除指标变量的预测方法[J].统计信息论坛,4:22-27.
谢邦昌原著.张尧庭改编.1998.抽样调查的理论及应用方法[M].北京:中国统计出版社.
肖玲.1994.多主题分层抽样的分层技术[J].统计研究,6:74-76.
中国科学院数学研究所统计组.1977.抽样检验方法[M],北京:科学出版社.
朱钰.1998.抽样调查中的相对误差及其替代指标——构造一种新的适合多目标抽样的误差比较和控制指标[J].山西统计,3:24-26.
张勇等.2006.MPPS抽样设计估计的比较研究[J].统计研究,4:10-15.
张尧庭.1985.抽样技术[M].北京:中国统计出版社,1985.
American Supplier Institute.1987.Quality function deployment implementation manual [R].
Brewer, K R W. 1963. Ratio estimation and finite population: some results deducible from the assumption of an underlying stochastic process [J]. Australian Journal of Statistics, 5:93-105.
Cassel S W. 1976. Some results on generalized difference estimation and generalized regression estimation for finite populations [J]. Biometrika, 3: 615-620.
Chan L K, Wu M L. 2005. A systematic approach to quality function deployment with a full illustrative example [J]. The international Journal of Management Science, 119- 139.
Denton D K. 1990. Enhance competitiveness and customer satisfaction [J]. Industrial Engineering, 2(5): 24-30.
Edward G S and Dan J S. 1999. 'Acceptance Sampling' - a chapter in Juran Quality Handbook [M]. New York: McGraw-Hill International Book Co.
Eng Shwe Aye Ho et all 999. An integrated group decision-making approaches to Quality Function Deployment [J]. IIE Transactions 31: 553-567.
Feigenbaum A V. 1998. The quality leadership opportunities of the 21~(st) century. Proceeding of SISQ-3 [C]. Shanghai.
Hajek J. 1964. Asymptotic theory of rejective sampling with varying probabilities from a finite population. Annual mathematic statistics, 35: 119-127.
Hwang C L, Lin M J. 1987. Group decision making under multiple criteria methods and application [J]. Springer-Verlay.
Lee G H, Kusiak A. 2001. The House of Quality for Design Rule Priority [J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology.
Lou C. 1995. Quality function deployment—How to make QFD work for you [M]. Addison- Wesley publishing company.
Neyman N J. 1934. On the two different aspects of the representative method: The method of stratified sampling and the method of purposive selection [J]. Journal of the Royal statistical Society, 558-606.
Richard E Z. 1993. Priorities: the analytic hierarchy process in QFD[C]. The 5~(th) symposium on QFD, Novi, Michigan, 459-466.
Ronald M F. 1988. Beyond quality: taking SPC upstream [J].Quality Progress, 6:29-35.
Ronald G D. 1993. Quality function deployment-linking a company with its customers [M]. ASQC Quality Press.
Royzen Z. 1993. Application TRIZ in value management and product improvement [C]. The SAVE Proceedings, 28:94-101.
Tadashi Ohfuji. 2000. The principles of QFD and development management [C]. The 44~(th) EOQ congress, Budapest, 298-305.
Wang Z R. 1997. A kind of nonlinear regression estimators collected works of the sixth China-Japan symposium on statistics[C].Xi'an.
Yoji Akao ed. 1990. Quality function deployment: integrating customer requirements into product design [M]. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Product Press.