边坡水平排水孔布设模式研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
水平排水孔作为边坡处治的一种排水设施,对边坡的渗流场分布有着很大的影响。排水孔的布设模式直接决定了排水孔的排水降压效果的好坏。本文利用有限元的方法来分析含排水孔的边坡渗流场,寻找排水孔的布设准则。
     首先,为解决渗流场自由水面位置的求解问题,提出了自由水面求解的“单元生死法”,并在有限元分析中加以实现。建立了二维边坡有限元模型,分析了开挖对边坡渗流场的影响。分析表明:随着边坡的开挖,自由水面线随之下降,边坡体内静水压力减小,靠近开挖坡面处动水压力增大,开挖对边坡渗流场扰动较大;提出了开挖边坡排水孔布设的原则。
     其次,本文利用排水子结构法模拟排水孔,对排水孔孔径、孔长多种布设方案的渗流场分布对比分析,认为在通常可能取值的孔径范围内,孔径变化对排水孔排水效果有影响,但影响较小;提出了孔径选择的原则;排水孔排水效果对排水孔孔长变化比较敏感,排水孔布设长度的选取应根据边坡处治需要降低水头的沿边坡倾向方向的边坡范围来确定。
     另外,在对比多种孔距的方案分析结果的基础上,得出结论:排水孔孔距变化对边坡渗流场沿边坡走向方向水头分布影响明显,布设排水孔应根据目标降深确定排水孔孔距。
     最后,分析了排水孔沿高程双排布置的情况下边坡渗流场分布,认为排水孔沿高程多排布置能显著改善排水效果。
Horizontal drain hole is a familiar type of drainage facility in slope drainage system. Its drainage effect has great impact on the pattern of slope seepage field. And the mode of the drain hole placing determined the its effect directly. For the purpose of searching the best mode of the drain hole placing, the author used the FEM to analyse the seepage behaviors of the drain holes what located in the slope.
    The author has analysed the seepage behavior of the fields in slope with the major parameter of the drain hole diameter and the length of hole. It is concluded that within the usual diameter of the hole, the size of the hole diameter has only minor influence on the field and the length of hole has more distinct influence.
    The author has analysed the effect of the center spacing change on the seepage field. It is concluded: the determination of the center spacing may be conducted under the permissible elevation of the exit line of seepage surface on slope surface downstream.
    In the end, the author has analysed the seepage field what the holes are placed two rows along the slope height. Compared with the only one rows of holes in the slope seepage field analysis, its effect is more distinct. So the mode of placing two rows of holes along the slope height is recommended.
引文
[1] 崔政权,李宁.边坡工程—理论与实践最新发展.北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999.
    [2] 张天宝.土坡稳定性分析和土工建筑物的边坡设计. 成都:成都科技大学出版社,1987.
    [3] 哈秋聆,陈洪凯.长江三峡工程岩石边坡地下水掺流及排水研究. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997.
    [4] 高大钊.岩土工程的回顾与前瞻.北京:人民交通出版社,2001.
    [5] 朱岳明,陈振雷等.大朝山水电站地下厂房洞室围岩区的渗流计算分析.河海大学岩土工程渗流与稳定控制研究室,1994.8.
    [6] 朱岳明等.渗流场求解的改进排水子结构法.岩土工程学报,1997.2:70~76.
    [7] 柴军瑞.排水孔在裂隙岩体坝基中的排水降压作用研究.水电站设计,2000,Vol.16(4):15~17.
    [8] 刘耀儒,杜广林等.降雨入渗条件下三峡船闸边坡渗流场的变化.岩石力学与工程学报,2002.2,Vol.21(2):238~241.
    [9] 陈洪凯,唐红梅.三峡工程永久船闸排水中排水孔优化布设模式研究.重庆交通学院学报,1998,Vol.17(1):1~10,
    [10] Gureghian, A.B., Youngs, E.C., The calculation of steady state water table heights in drained soils by means of the finite element method. J.Hydrol., 1975, Vol.27, pp.15~32.
    [11] 王锚.大头坝头部应力研究及劈头裂缝成因分析.水利水电科学研究院论文集,第9集.水利电力出版社,1982.
    [12] 张有天.用边界元法求解有排水孔的渗流场.水利学报,1982.7:13~18.
    [13] Fipps, G.et al, Drains as a boundary condition in finite elements. Water Resources Research, 1986, Vol.22(11)
    [14] 朱伯芳。渗流场考虑排水孔作用的杂元.水利学报,1982.9:32~41.
    [15] 张有天,陈平,王镭.用耦合法求解有排水孔的渗流场.水利学报,1989.7:21~26
    [16] 关锦荷,刘嘉忻,朱玉侠.用排水沟代替排水并列的有限单元法分析.水利学报,1984.3:10~18.
    
    
    [17] 杜延龄,许国安、黄一和.复杂岩墓三维渗流分析研究.水利学报,1984.3:1~8
    [18] 王镭,刘中,张有天.有排水孔幕的渗流场分析.水利学报,1992.4:15~20.
    [19] Zhu Yueming et al. Some Adaptive Techniques for Solution of Free Surface Seepage Flow Though Arch Dam Abutments. Intern. Syrup. On Arach Dams, Oct.1992, Nanjing, China.
    [20] 朱岳明,张燎军.混凝土坝中排水孔排水幕的分析.河海大学学报,1997.9:24~29.
    [21] 朱岳明,陈振雷等.改进排水子结构法求解地下厂房洞室群区的复杂渗流场.水利学报,1996.9:79~85.
    [22] 朱岳明,张燎军.排水孔穿过自由面时渗流场的改进排水子结构法求解.岩土工程学报,1997.2:69~76
    [23] 朱岳明,许红波.碾压混凝土坝的渗控分析研究。岩土工程学报,1993.6:34~43
    [24] 朱岳明,张燎军,狄原培等,龙滩高碾压混凝土坝的渗控设计研究.水利学报,1997.3:1~8
    [25] 杜延龄,许国安,复杂岩基三维渗流有限元分析研究.水利学报,1991.7:19~26.
    [26] 詹美礼,速宝玉,刘俊勇.渗流控制分析中密集排水孔模拟的新方法.水力发电,2000.4:23~25.
    [27] ZHAN Mei-li, SU Hao-yu. New method of simulating concentrated drain holes in seepage control analysis [J].Journal of Hydradynamics. Ser. B,1999(3): 27~35.
    [28] 王恩志,王洪涛,邓旭东.“以管代孔”——排水孔模拟方法探讨.岩石力学与工程学报,2001,Vol.20(3):346~349.
    [29] 王恩志,王洪涛,王慧明.“以缝代井列”—排水孔幕模拟方法探讨.岩石力学与工程学报,2002,Vol.21(1):98~101.
    [30] 苑莲菊,李振栓,武胜忠等.工程渗流力学及应用[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2001.
    [31] 顾慰慈.渗流计算原理及应用[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2000
    [32] 钱家欢,殷宗泽.土工原理与计算(第二版).北京: 中国水利水电出版社,1996.
    [33] Neuman, S.P., Saturated-unsaturated seepage by finite element. J. Hydraulic Div., ASCE, 1971, Vol.97(1).
    
    
    [34] Desai, C.S., A residual flow procedure and application for free surface flow in porous media. Advances in Water Resources, 1983, Vol.6.
    [35] Baiocchi, C. et al., Free boundary problems in the theory of fluid flow through porus media: Existence and theorems. Ann. Mat. Pura Appl., 1973, Vol.96(1).
    [36] Oden, J.T., Kikuchi, N., Theory of variational inequalities with applications to problems of flow through porous media. Int. J. Engng. Sci., 1980.18.
    [37] Bruch, J.C., A survey of free boundary value problems in the theory of flucid flow through porous media: variational inequality approach-Part 1 and 11. Adv. Water Resources, 1980.3.
    [38] Bathe, K.J, Khoshgoftaar M.R. Finite element free seepage analysis without mesh iteration [J]. Intern J. for Numerical Methods in Geomechanics, Vol.3,1979.
    [39] Bathe, K.J, Khoshgoftaar M.R. Finite element free surface analysis without mesh iteration [J]. Internat J Numer Methods, Engrg, 1979, 4(1): 13~22.
    [40] 李春华,稳定渗流有限元计算时采用固定网格法的初步研究.第三届全国渗流力学学术讨论会论文汇编(3),1986.
    [41] 张有天,陈平,王镭.有自由面渗流分析的初流量法.水利学报,1988.8:18~26
    [42] 吴梦喜,张学勤.有自由面渗流分析的虚单元法.水利学报,1994.8:67~71.
    [43] 彭华,罗谷怀.有自由面渗流分析的子单元法及其应用.水电站设计,1996,Vol.12(4):24~27.
    [44] 陈洪凯,唐红梅.渗流自由面求解的基本方法、修正急应用.重庆交通学院学报,1997,Vol.16(3):5~10.
    [45] 陈洪凯,唐红梅等.求解渗流自由面的复合单元全域迭代法.应用数学和力学,1999,Vol.20(10):1045~1050.
    [46] 黄蔚,刘迎曦,周承芳.三维无压渗流场的有限元算法研究.水利学报,2001.6:33~36.
    [47] 凌道虚.有自由面渗流分析的虚节点法.浙江大学学报(工学版),2002,Vol.36(3):243~246.
    [48] 王文华,朱军,刘光廷.求解三维无压渗流场的一种新方法.河海大学常州分校学报,2002,Vol.16(2):37~39.
    [49] 谭建国.使用ANSYS6.0进行有限元分析.北京:北京大学出版社,2002。
    [50] Nonveller E. Efficiency oF horizontal drains on slope stability [A]. IN:
    
    Pasamehmetoglu E D Ed. Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics[C]. Rotterdam: Balkma, 1994, 112~117.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700