路基路面结构动力特性试验研究
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摘要
在世界各国的经济发展中，公路运输起着极为重要的作用，投资也愈来愈大，并朝着重型、密集、高速化方向发展。重型货车、高速客车、密集车流对路面路基结构的服务品质提出了越来越高的要求。研究表明，路面路基结构的沉降变形主要来自地基路堤土层的固结压密沉降和交通荷载反复作用下路面路基各结构层的累积残余变形，路面路基结构发生过大的沉降变形会使路面过早破坏。路面的早期破坏问题对公路的正常使用影响十分较大，已引起了公路建设行业的高度重视。关于路面路基结构在车辆荷载作用下的动力特性试验研究，目前在国内开展得较少，因此非常有必要进行室内大型动态模型试验，深入研究路面路基结构在交通荷载作用下的动力响应特性。
本论文针对国道108线广元段广北二期工程的路面路基结构及使用状态进行了试验研究。按照国道108线广元段广北二期工程的路面路基的实际结构型式进行了室内足尺大型动静态模型试验。为使其边界条件尽量同实际情况一致，模型周围采用了砂袋作柔性挡土边墙。通过静力加载和模拟路面承受的竖向交通荷载的重复加载试验，研究了路面路基结构在双轮车辆荷载作用下的动静态响应，分析了路面路基结构在浸水状态(土层含水量增加)和压实密度降低等不利因数的影响下，路面路基各结构层的动静力学响应特性，如弹性变形、累积下沉、土压应力等的变化规律。
试验研究结果表明：在路面路基结构各土层压实密度基本一致的条件下，水的浸入(土层含水量增加)将会使路面路基结构的竖向压应力和沉降变形增大。同样，在非浸水(土层含水量基本一致)的情况下，压实密度降低也会使路面路基结构的竖向压力和沉降变形增大。比较水的浸入(土层含水量增大)和压实密度降低(降低约5％)两种因数对路面路基结构应力和变形特性的影响程度可发现，水的浸入(土层含水量增大)对路面路基结构应力和变形的影响要大于压实密度降低(降低约5％)对路面路基结构的影响。水的浸入和碾压质量不高是造成路面早期破坏的因数之一。
Road transportation plays an important role in the economy all around the world. With the need of heavy load,dense flow rate and high speed,the higher quality of the road structure is demanded. Research results show that the settlements of the road structure mainly come from the consolidation and the accumulative residue settlements under the cyclic loads. Excessive uneven settlements will produce the premature failure on the pavement. And few researches on the interaction of pavement and subgrade have been developed at present. So it is necessary to do a large-scale model experiment in order to research the dynamic response of the pavement and subgrade under traffic loads.
This thesis presents a research program on pavement and subgrade structure in the second phase of Guangbei Section of National Highway 108 (Beijing to Kunming). A full-scale model experiment that according to the constructions of Guangbei Section of National Highway 108 has been carried out in laboratory. Sandbag is used to make a flexible wall around the model in order to make the condition of the experiment more closely to the true condition. Through the static and standard traffic cyclic loads,the responses of the pavement and subgrade have been attained. The studies on these responses such as elastic deformations,accumulative settlements and stress have been made under the changed characters of subgrade,such as moisture content,relative compaction of subgrade.
The results of the experiments show that superfluous moisture content increases the vertical stress and the settlements of the construction under the similar relative compaction. And under the similar moisture content,lower relative compaction increases the vertical stress and the settlements of the construction either. Comparing the influence to the construction under the changing of these two facts,we can find that the changing of moisture content effects the construction more than the changing relative compaction does. So the immerging of the water and the low quality of the compaction are the reasons on the premature failure of the pavement.
本论文针对国道108线广元段广北二期工程的路面路基结构及使用状态进行了试验研究。按照国道108线广元段广北二期工程的路面路基的实际结构型式进行了室内足尺大型动静态模型试验。为使其边界条件尽量同实际情况一致，模型周围采用了砂袋作柔性挡土边墙。通过静力加载和模拟路面承受的竖向交通荷载的重复加载试验，研究了路面路基结构在双轮车辆荷载作用下的动静态响应，分析了路面路基结构在浸水状态(土层含水量增加)和压实密度降低等不利因数的影响下，路面路基各结构层的动静力学响应特性，如弹性变形、累积下沉、土压应力等的变化规律。
试验研究结果表明：在路面路基结构各土层压实密度基本一致的条件下，水的浸入(土层含水量增加)将会使路面路基结构的竖向压应力和沉降变形增大。同样，在非浸水(土层含水量基本一致)的情况下，压实密度降低也会使路面路基结构的竖向压力和沉降变形增大。比较水的浸入(土层含水量增大)和压实密度降低(降低约5％)两种因数对路面路基结构应力和变形特性的影响程度可发现，水的浸入(土层含水量增大)对路面路基结构应力和变形的影响要大于压实密度降低(降低约5％)对路面路基结构的影响。水的浸入和碾压质量不高是造成路面早期破坏的因数之一。
Road transportation plays an important role in the economy all around the world. With the need of heavy load,dense flow rate and high speed,the higher quality of the road structure is demanded. Research results show that the settlements of the road structure mainly come from the consolidation and the accumulative residue settlements under the cyclic loads. Excessive uneven settlements will produce the premature failure on the pavement. And few researches on the interaction of pavement and subgrade have been developed at present. So it is necessary to do a large-scale model experiment in order to research the dynamic response of the pavement and subgrade under traffic loads.
This thesis presents a research program on pavement and subgrade structure in the second phase of Guangbei Section of National Highway 108 (Beijing to Kunming). A full-scale model experiment that according to the constructions of Guangbei Section of National Highway 108 has been carried out in laboratory. Sandbag is used to make a flexible wall around the model in order to make the condition of the experiment more closely to the true condition. Through the static and standard traffic cyclic loads,the responses of the pavement and subgrade have been attained. The studies on these responses such as elastic deformations,accumulative settlements and stress have been made under the changed characters of subgrade,such as moisture content,relative compaction of subgrade.
The results of the experiments show that superfluous moisture content increases the vertical stress and the settlements of the construction under the similar relative compaction. And under the similar moisture content,lower relative compaction increases the vertical stress and the settlements of the construction either. Comparing the influence to the construction under the changing of these two facts,we can find that the changing of moisture content effects the construction more than the changing relative compaction does. So the immerging of the water and the low quality of the compaction are the reasons on the premature failure of the pavement.
引文
[1] 沙庆林．高速公路沥青路面早期破坏现象及防治．人民交通出版社，2001
[2] 姚祖康．道路路基和路面工程．人民交通出版社，1994
[3] 陆鼎中，程家驹．路基路面工程．人民交通出版社，1992
[4] 吴承志，应旭棋．公路路基稳定设计原理．人民交通出版社，1994
[5] 韦凌德．山区高等级公路路基路面设计中的几个问题及对现行规范的建议．重庆交通学院学报．1997，16(1)
[6] 虞文景．高速公路早期病害成因分析与防治措施探讨．全国第九次高速公路管理工作研讨会高速公路论文集
[7] 徐家钰，程家驹．道路工程．同济大学出版社，1998
[8] 郑治．填石料的长期变形性能模拟试验研究．中国公路学报．2001，14(2)
[9] 林绣贤．柔性路面设计方法．人民交通出版社，1988
[10] 张兴强，邓卫东，闫澍旺．路堤填料动力参数对路基沉降影响分析．公路．2000，(8)
[11] 张兴强，陈波，闫澎旺，邓卫东．路基不均匀沉降对沥青路面受力变形影响的有限元分析．中国港湾建设．2000，(12)
[12] 王林玉等．循环荷载作用下道面和软土地基共同作用变形数值分析．中国公路学报．2001，14(3)
[13] 方福森．路面工程．人民交通出版社，1979
[14] H．A．梅特万特柯娃，B．H．勒杨浦辛．路面设计．人民交通出版社，1987
[15] 黄卫，何平．柔性路面弯沉和路基压应变指标分析．岩土工程学报．1998，20(3)
[16] Brown S F. Soil mechanics in pavement engineering[J]. Geotechnique, 1996, 46(3): 383～426
[17] 朱方平，黄建有．高速公路的主要病害及防治．广西交通科技．2000，25(1)
[18] 沙庆林．高速公路沥青路面的水破坏及其防治措施(上)．国外公路．2000，20(3)
[19] 沙庆林．高速公路沥青路面的水破坏及其防治措施(下)．国外公路．2000，20(4)
[20] 毕艳祥，姚祖康等．设排水层的半刚性基层沥青路面结构分析．中国公路学报．2001，14(3)
[21] 刘福明，申远．二灰碎石基层在唐港高速公路上的进一步优化研究．国外公路．2000，20(3)
[22] 王辉，陈荣生．二灰碎石基层厚度对沥青路面早期病害形成的影响．国外公路．2001，21(2)
[23] 孙淑勤等．中、日公路土质路基压实控制方法比较．国外公路．2001，21(2)
[24] 苗禾．咸乾路二灰碎石基层局部出现裂缝的原因分析与预防措施．中南公路工程．2000，25(1)
[25] 张登良．沥青路面．人民交通出版社，2001
[26] 姚祖康．公路设计手册路面(第二版)．人民交通出版社，1993
[27] 黄仰贤．路面分析与设计．人民交通出版社，1998
[28] Wei-Hsing Huang, YU-Ling Sung etc. Effects of Heavy Vehicle And Tire Pressure on Flexible Pavement Design in Taiwan. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D. C., 2001
[29] Wright, P. H., Highway Engineering, 6th edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1996
[30] Garber, N. J., Hoel, L. A., Traffic and highway engineering, revised 2nd edition, PWS Publishing, 1999
[31] TRB, The effects of interface condition and horizontal wheel loads on the life of flexible pavements. TRB2001 CD—ROM.
[32] 交通部公路规划设计院．公路柔性路面设计规范(JTJ014—86)．人民交通出版社，1986
[2] 姚祖康．道路路基和路面工程．人民交通出版社，1994
[3] 陆鼎中，程家驹．路基路面工程．人民交通出版社，1992
[4] 吴承志，应旭棋．公路路基稳定设计原理．人民交通出版社，1994
[5] 韦凌德．山区高等级公路路基路面设计中的几个问题及对现行规范的建议．重庆交通学院学报．1997，16(1)
[6] 虞文景．高速公路早期病害成因分析与防治措施探讨．全国第九次高速公路管理工作研讨会高速公路论文集
[7] 徐家钰，程家驹．道路工程．同济大学出版社，1998
[8] 郑治．填石料的长期变形性能模拟试验研究．中国公路学报．2001，14(2)
[9] 林绣贤．柔性路面设计方法．人民交通出版社，1988
[10] 张兴强，邓卫东，闫澍旺．路堤填料动力参数对路基沉降影响分析．公路．2000，(8)
[11] 张兴强，陈波，闫澎旺，邓卫东．路基不均匀沉降对沥青路面受力变形影响的有限元分析．中国港湾建设．2000，(12)
[12] 王林玉等．循环荷载作用下道面和软土地基共同作用变形数值分析．中国公路学报．2001，14(3)
[13] 方福森．路面工程．人民交通出版社，1979
[14] H．A．梅特万特柯娃，B．H．勒杨浦辛．路面设计．人民交通出版社，1987
[15] 黄卫，何平．柔性路面弯沉和路基压应变指标分析．岩土工程学报．1998，20(3)
[16] Brown S F. Soil mechanics in pavement engineering[J]. Geotechnique, 1996, 46(3): 383～426
[17] 朱方平，黄建有．高速公路的主要病害及防治．广西交通科技．2000，25(1)
[18] 沙庆林．高速公路沥青路面的水破坏及其防治措施(上)．国外公路．2000，20(3)
[19] 沙庆林．高速公路沥青路面的水破坏及其防治措施(下)．国外公路．2000，20(4)
[20] 毕艳祥，姚祖康等．设排水层的半刚性基层沥青路面结构分析．中国公路学报．2001，14(3)
[21] 刘福明，申远．二灰碎石基层在唐港高速公路上的进一步优化研究．国外公路．2000，20(3)
[22] 王辉，陈荣生．二灰碎石基层厚度对沥青路面早期病害形成的影响．国外公路．2001，21(2)
[23] 孙淑勤等．中、日公路土质路基压实控制方法比较．国外公路．2001，21(2)
[24] 苗禾．咸乾路二灰碎石基层局部出现裂缝的原因分析与预防措施．中南公路工程．2000，25(1)
[25] 张登良．沥青路面．人民交通出版社，2001
[26] 姚祖康．公路设计手册路面(第二版)．人民交通出版社，1993
[27] 黄仰贤．路面分析与设计．人民交通出版社，1998
[28] Wei-Hsing Huang, YU-Ling Sung etc. Effects of Heavy Vehicle And Tire Pressure on Flexible Pavement Design in Taiwan. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D. C., 2001
[29] Wright, P. H., Highway Engineering, 6th edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1996
[30] Garber, N. J., Hoel, L. A., Traffic and highway engineering, revised 2nd edition, PWS Publishing, 1999
[31] TRB, The effects of interface condition and horizontal wheel loads on the life of flexible pavements. TRB2001 CD—ROM.
[32] 交通部公路规划设计院．公路柔性路面设计规范(JTJ014—86)．人民交通出版社，1986