大孔隙水泥稳定碎石混合料研究及应用
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摘要
通过对湖南及湖北地区一些高速公路排水现状和排水设施布设情况的调查，发现高速公路路面在使用一段时间后，不可避免地要出现各种病害，其中水害是绝对不能忽视的，水是造成并加速路面损坏的重要原因之一。
现有的公路设计中，考虑较多的仅仅是通过设置道路的纵坡、边沟及排水沟等设施来排除地表水。有关规范虽然阐述了排水的重要性，但未对路面结构的排水质量提出量化的指标，考虑到路面结构设计方法中。设置路面结构内部排水系统，能够将积滞在路面结构内的水分迅速地排出路基、路面结构外，有利于改善道路的使用性能，延长路面的使用寿命。
本文通过大量的室内试验发现，集料级配组成、压实度、水灰比和水泥用量是影响大孔隙水泥稳定碎石混合料渗透系数和抗压回弹模量的主要因素。通过控制混合料的干密度、水泥用量和水灰比的取值范围，可使混合料同时满足排水性能要求和结构强度要求。提出并验证了四种具有实用价值的集料级配组成。试件成型方法对大孔隙水泥稳定碎石混合料的材料性能参数有一定的影响，本文推荐室内试件成型方法为静压成型。
通过对传统的半刚性基层沥青路面出现水损破坏进行结构分析，得知水对材料设计参数的影响和由于唧浆现象导致路面结构层层间接触条件的变化是沥青路面出现水损破坏的主要原因。大孔隙水泥稳定碎石排水基层和沥青面层的有效联结、混合料本身良好的抗冲刷性能和良好的排水性能，有利于沥青下面层和排水基层的层间接触条件维持在连续状态。对于不设排水层的原路面结构，通过结构计算得出对应于不同的沥青面层容许应力值时所需的基层临界模量值；对于加设排水层的路面结构，通过结构计算得出对应于不同的沥青面层容许应力值时所需的排水基层临界模量值；加设排水层的路面结构的结构反应的变化趋势主要取决于沥青面层厚度、排水基层厚度和排水基层临界模量值。
提出了新建路面考虑水作用因素的设计流程图。针对张罗二级公路试验段和临常一级公路试验段，进行了水文分析和水力计算，并结合路面结构分析，提出了排水系统的布设方案、施工技术方案和试验检测方案。
Through the investigation of draining status and drainage system setting of some freeway in the region of Hunan and Hubei province, it has be found that the structure of freeway can not be avoided to come forth many kinds of diseases as long as it is used for some time. Among those diseases water damage for the structure of freeway can not be passed away, and water is one of important causations that quicken the structure of freeway to be damaged.
The existing highway design criterion only takes setting pavement longitudinal grade, side ditch and drainage ditch into account in order to eliminate surface water. Notwithstanding highway design criterion sets forth the importance of drainage, it does not bring forward the measurable index of drainage quality for pavement structure design. Through setting interior drainage system, water saved in the pavement structure can be eliminated from subgrade and pavement structure, and it does good to improve the pavement performance and prolong the service life of pavement.
Through much analysis of laboratory experiments, this paper reach the conclusion that aggregate gradation, degree of compaction, water cement ratio and magnitude of cement are the main factors that influence the coefficient of permeability and the compressive resilience modulus of high air void cement-stabilized crushed stone mixture. By controlling the range of the dry density, magnitude of cement and water cement ratio of mixture, the requirement of drainage property and structure strength can be fulfilled. The paper has put forward and testified four utilizable aggregate gradation. Because the method of preparing samples has certain effect on material property parameter of mixture, the paper recommend static preparing method be adopted.
Through structural analysis of traditional semi-rigid base course asphalt pavement which appears water damage, the paper reach the conclusion that water has an effect on material design parameter and pumping leading to the change of contact condition are the main factors. The effective adhesion of permeable base and asphalt pavement, good residence of scouring property of mixture and good drainable property are benefit for undersurface of pavement and permeable base course to keep good successive contact condition. By structural analysis and calculation for original highway structure without permeable layer, the critical modulus of base have been obtained which makes asphalt pavement fill different allowable stress criterion. By structural analysis and calculation for different highway structure with permeable layer, critical modulus of permeable base course are obtained to make asphalt pavement fill different allowable stress criterion. The paper also presents the tendency of structure response of different
highway structure with drainable layers mainly depends on the thickness of asphalt pavement, the thickness and the critical modulus of permeable base.
The flow process diagram for new construction highway considering the factor of water effect is presented in the paper. In allusion to test roadway in the Zhang-luo second class highway and Lin-Chang freeway, through hydrologic analysis, hydraulic calculation and with the analysis of highway structure, the blue print of setting drainage
system, construction technique and back-check experiment are presented.
现有的公路设计中，考虑较多的仅仅是通过设置道路的纵坡、边沟及排水沟等设施来排除地表水。有关规范虽然阐述了排水的重要性，但未对路面结构的排水质量提出量化的指标，考虑到路面结构设计方法中。设置路面结构内部排水系统，能够将积滞在路面结构内的水分迅速地排出路基、路面结构外，有利于改善道路的使用性能，延长路面的使用寿命。
本文通过大量的室内试验发现，集料级配组成、压实度、水灰比和水泥用量是影响大孔隙水泥稳定碎石混合料渗透系数和抗压回弹模量的主要因素。通过控制混合料的干密度、水泥用量和水灰比的取值范围，可使混合料同时满足排水性能要求和结构强度要求。提出并验证了四种具有实用价值的集料级配组成。试件成型方法对大孔隙水泥稳定碎石混合料的材料性能参数有一定的影响，本文推荐室内试件成型方法为静压成型。
通过对传统的半刚性基层沥青路面出现水损破坏进行结构分析，得知水对材料设计参数的影响和由于唧浆现象导致路面结构层层间接触条件的变化是沥青路面出现水损破坏的主要原因。大孔隙水泥稳定碎石排水基层和沥青面层的有效联结、混合料本身良好的抗冲刷性能和良好的排水性能，有利于沥青下面层和排水基层的层间接触条件维持在连续状态。对于不设排水层的原路面结构，通过结构计算得出对应于不同的沥青面层容许应力值时所需的基层临界模量值；对于加设排水层的路面结构，通过结构计算得出对应于不同的沥青面层容许应力值时所需的排水基层临界模量值；加设排水层的路面结构的结构反应的变化趋势主要取决于沥青面层厚度、排水基层厚度和排水基层临界模量值。
提出了新建路面考虑水作用因素的设计流程图。针对张罗二级公路试验段和临常一级公路试验段，进行了水文分析和水力计算，并结合路面结构分析，提出了排水系统的布设方案、施工技术方案和试验检测方案。
Through the investigation of draining status and drainage system setting of some freeway in the region of Hunan and Hubei province, it has be found that the structure of freeway can not be avoided to come forth many kinds of diseases as long as it is used for some time. Among those diseases water damage for the structure of freeway can not be passed away, and water is one of important causations that quicken the structure of freeway to be damaged.
The existing highway design criterion only takes setting pavement longitudinal grade, side ditch and drainage ditch into account in order to eliminate surface water. Notwithstanding highway design criterion sets forth the importance of drainage, it does not bring forward the measurable index of drainage quality for pavement structure design. Through setting interior drainage system, water saved in the pavement structure can be eliminated from subgrade and pavement structure, and it does good to improve the pavement performance and prolong the service life of pavement.
Through much analysis of laboratory experiments, this paper reach the conclusion that aggregate gradation, degree of compaction, water cement ratio and magnitude of cement are the main factors that influence the coefficient of permeability and the compressive resilience modulus of high air void cement-stabilized crushed stone mixture. By controlling the range of the dry density, magnitude of cement and water cement ratio of mixture, the requirement of drainage property and structure strength can be fulfilled. The paper has put forward and testified four utilizable aggregate gradation. Because the method of preparing samples has certain effect on material property parameter of mixture, the paper recommend static preparing method be adopted.
Through structural analysis of traditional semi-rigid base course asphalt pavement which appears water damage, the paper reach the conclusion that water has an effect on material design parameter and pumping leading to the change of contact condition are the main factors. The effective adhesion of permeable base and asphalt pavement, good residence of scouring property of mixture and good drainable property are benefit for undersurface of pavement and permeable base course to keep good successive contact condition. By structural analysis and calculation for original highway structure without permeable layer, the critical modulus of base have been obtained which makes asphalt pavement fill different allowable stress criterion. By structural analysis and calculation for different highway structure with permeable layer, critical modulus of permeable base course are obtained to make asphalt pavement fill different allowable stress criterion. The paper also presents the tendency of structure response of different
highway structure with drainable layers mainly depends on the thickness of asphalt pavement, the thickness and the critical modulus of permeable base.
The flow process diagram for new construction highway considering the factor of water effect is presented in the paper. In allusion to test roadway in the Zhang-luo second class highway and Lin-Chang freeway, through hydrologic analysis, hydraulic calculation and with the analysis of highway structure, the blue print of setting drainage
system, construction technique and back-check experiment are presented.
引文
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[2]Nader Ghafoori, Shivaji Dutta. Development of No-fines Concrete Pavement Applications. Journal of Transportation Engineering, May/June 1995: 283-288
[3]叶斌．水泥混凝土路面唧泥损坏分析．华东公路，2001，2：47-48
[4]高啸雁，李钟雁，冯先周．水泥混凝土路面唧泥损坏分析．河南交通科技，2000，20(6)：43-45
[5]邓学钧，陈荣生．刚性路面设计．北京：人民交通出版社，1992
[6]Michel Ray, Pieer Christory. Combating Concrete Pavement Slab Pumping: State of the Art and Recommendations. PIARC Technical Committee on Concrete Roads, Session b, ⅩⅤⅢth, World Road Congress in Brussels of 1987: 725-733
[7]中华人民共和国行业标准．公路水泥混凝土路面设计规范(JTJ012-94)．北京：人民交通出版社，1994
[8]中华人民共和国行业标准．公路沥青路面设计规范(JTJ014-97)．北京：人民交通出版社，1997
[9]沙庆林．高等级公路半刚性基层沥青路面．北京：人民交通出版社，1999
[10]王端宜，邹桂莲，韩传岱．对沥青路面水损害早期破坏的认识．东北公路，2002，24(1)：4-7
[11]R. L. Terrel. The Role of Pessimum Voids Concept in Understanding Moisture Damage to Concrete Mixture. TRB, 1993
[12]S.A.Swailmi. The Development and Evaluation of a Test System to Induce and Monitoring Moisture Damage of Asphalt Concrete Mixture. TRB, 1992
[13]Danish Road Institute. Quarterly Report on Microscopical Analysis of Asphalt Aggregate Mixture Related to Pavement Performance. SHAP report, 1992
[14]沙庆林．高速公路沥青路面的水破坏及防治措施．国外公路，2000，20(3)：1-4
[15]Ridgeway, H.H. Infiltration of water through the pavement surface. TRR. 616, 1976: 98-100
[16]姚祖康．公路排水设计手册．北京：人民交通出版社，2002
[17]傅智，杨东来，王成皿等．防治水泥混凝土路面的水冲刷破坏．公路，2001，(6)：67-70
[18]Harvey J. et al. Performance of Cal/APT drained and undrained pavements under HVS loading TRB#981561,1997
[19]Fenella Long et al. Prediction of pavement fatigue for California department structure containing asphalt treated permeable base(ATPB)-Sections. TRR 1540,1997:105-114
[20]林绣贤．柔性路面结构设计方法．北京：人民交通出版社，1988
[21]高等级公路柔性路面设计优化研究报告．东南大学交通学院，1994
[22]Mathi D.M. Permeable base design and construction proceeding.4th Inter- national Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and Rehabilitation. Purdue University, 1989: 663-670
[23]Cedergren H.R. Drainage of highway and airfield pavements. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1974
[24]Harvey J. et al. Asphalt Treated Permeable Base (ATPB) Laboratory Testing Performance and Predictions, University of California, 1997
[25]徐立新．无砂混凝土在道桥工程中的应用．公路，2000，(6)：28-31
[26]General Specification for Civil Engineering Works. Hong Kong Government, 1992
[27]FHWA. Guidelines for design of subsurface drainage systems for highway structural section. Washington, D.C. 1973
[28]AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures. Washington, D.C. AASHTO, 1993
[29]Robert M. Koerner and Bao-Lin Hwu. Prefabricated Highway Edge Drains. Transportation Research Record 1329: 14-20
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