高温矿井井巷热质交换理论及降温技术研究
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摘要
随着浅部矿产资源的开发殆尽,矿山开采逐渐向深部发展,地温高、采掘工作面气温高的现象不可避免,矿井热害将成为继顶板、瓦斯、水、火、粉尘五大灾害的第六大灾害,而且,其危害将超过其它灾害。因此,对高温矿井热害防治理论及技术研究有十分重要的意义。
本论文对高温矿井井巷热质交换理论及采掘工作面降温技术进行了研究。研究的具体内容和取得的研究成果如下：
1.研究内容：湿润巷道表面对流换热量简化计算法,预测高温矿井风流状态参数的方法,采掘工作面冷负荷计算法,确保采掘工作面降温效果的空冷器出风参数及安装位置确定方法,大焓降、大温降矿用空冷器的开发。
2.研究方法：采用理论分析和现场试验相结合的方法进行研究,并借助MATLAB计算软件对试验数据进行分析。
3.主要成果：
(1)以湿壁巷道与风流间的对流换热为研究对象,通过引入刘伊斯(Lewis)关系、将水蒸汽分压力和水的汽化潜热用温度的线性关系表示、引入潜热比系数和巷道表面湿度系数,并进行合理简化处理,从理论上得出了计算湿润巷道与风流间潜热交换量及湿交换量的简化计算式。分析得出：在标准大气压下,完全湿润表面的潜热交换量约为显热交换量的3.935倍,部分湿润巷道表面潜热交换量与湿润程度有关,约为显热交换量的0.2-1.57倍。
(2)针对国内外现有矿井风流热力参数预测方法多为综合各种影响因素、并高度归纳成单一数学表达式的处理方式所存在的弊端,提出了采用多个关联数学模型预测的方法。建立的新的预测模型表达式简单可靠,既能用手工完成计算,也可借助常用计算软件编写简单程序完成。
(3)基于以往采掘工作面冷负荷确定方法考虑因素多而复杂的问题,结合“原岩温度高于31℃的地区为一级热害区、高于37℃的地区为二级热害区”的划分原理,论证了矿井原岩温度低于30℃以下的采掘工作面不会出现高温现象。提出了“只计算原岩温度超过30℃以上部分围岩及水体放出的热量作为工作面空间降温冷负荷”的简化计算新方法。
(4)提出了末端空冷器装机容量应包括“进风流冷负荷、工作面冷负荷及输送冷损失”三大部分的观点,并建立了计算进风流冷负荷、沿途冷损失的数学模型,论述了空冷器出口状态参数及空冷器安装位置的确定方法。
(5)论证了“杜绝冷风流输送过程中温度升高是不可能的,但杜绝冷风流输送过程中不吸湿是有可能的；冷风流吸收1克水蒸气损失的冷量是温度升高1℃损失冷量的2.5倍”,得出了“减少冷风流中的水蒸气量更有利于保冷”的结论。因此,提出了“隔湿保冷”新理念。并运用该理念,实现冷风筒不保温情况下冷量的长距离输送。
(6)设计开发的拼装式大温降、大焓降、大风量、干燥能力强的喷水室可将地面35-39℃的高温空气处理到5-10℃左右,温降幅度可达30℃左右,空气焓降在90kJ/kg左右,每个喷水室每小时可从风流中冷凝1180kg水(处理风量为700m3／min)。
(7)开发了一种适用于矿井建设期间井筒及长距离大巷掘进工作面的热害防治技术。
4.论文主要创新点：
(1)提出了将巷道表面水分蒸发潜热交换量及湿交换量用巷道壁面温度与风流温度之差表达的新方法,并通过引入潜热比系数的概念,将湿润巷道表面潜热交换量表示成了显热换热量的倍数,简化了已有井巷表面对流换热量和湿交换量的复杂计算方法。
(2)依据一级热害矿井和二级热害矿井的划分原理,论证了矿井原岩温度低于30℃以下的采掘工作面不会出现高温现象。提出“只计算原岩温度超过30℃以上部分围岩及水体放出的热量作为采掘工作面空间降温冷负荷”的简化计算新方法。
(3)论证了“杜绝冷风流输送过程中温度升高是不可能的,但杜绝冷风流输送过程中不吸湿是有可能的；冷风流吸收1克水蒸气损失的冷量是温度升高1℃损失冷量的2.5倍”,得出了“减少冷风流中的水蒸气量更有利于保冷”的结论。提出了“隔湿保冷”新理念。并运用该理念,实现冷风筒不保温情况下冷量的长距离输送。
(4)结合“隔湿保冷”理念,提出将蒸发冷却技术作为矿井降温系统冷风长距离输送的辅助降温措施,实现冷风的二次降温。
With the development of mineral resources in the shallow depleted, mining has gradually developed to the deep. The phenomenon of high temperature of the ground, coal face and roadway head is inevitable. And mine heat-harm will be the sixth-largest disaster following the top five disasters as roof, gas, water, fire and dust. Moreover, the harm would exceed them. Therefore, research about the control theory and technology on high-temperature heat-harm mine is of great significance.
In this paper, the theory about heat and mass exchange in high temperature roadway and the cooling techniques about coal face and roadway head were studied. The specific contents of the study and obtained research results are as follows:
1. Contents of the study:Simplified the calculation methods of convection heat transfer about wet roadway surface. The methods about predicting airflow state parameters in high temperature mine. The calculation methods of mining face cooling load. Find the export wind parameters of the air cooler and the method used for installing the air cooler to ensure the cooling effect of the coal face and roadway head. The research and development of large enthalpy drop and large temperature drop mine air coolers.
2. Methods of the study:Combining theoretical analysis and field test, analyzing the test data using MATLAB software.
3. Main results of the study:
(1) Through the introduction of Lewis relationship, linear representation of the partial pressure of water vapor and the latent heat of water, latent heat ratio coefficient and the roadway surface moisture coefficient, and do a reasonable simplification, put the convection heat transfer of wet-wall tunnel and airflow as the research object, get the simplified calculation formula of latent heat exchange and wet exchange capacity between the wet roadway and airflow in theory. And analysis obtained:at the standard atmospheric pressure, the latent heat exchange capacity is about 3.935 times than sensible heat exchange capacity in completely wet surface; in partial wet roadway surface the latent heat exchange capacity is related to degree of wetness, and it's about 0.2-1.57 times the sensible heat exchange capacity.
(2) According to the shortcomings of that most of the existing prediction method on thermal parameters of mine air heating is integration of multiple factors and highly summarized into a single mathematical expression home and abroad, proposed a predict method using multiple associated mathematical models. The new established model's expression is simple and reliable and can be calculated by hand or be completed by calculation software with simple program.
(3) Based on the problems that previously determining methods of mining face cooling load takes many complex factors into account and "the land area where the original rock temperature above 31℃is designated as first heat-damaged area, the land area which is higher than 37℃is designated as second heat-damaged area", proposed the simple calculation method "only calculation the surrounding rock and water body's emit heat where the original rock temperature exceeds 30℃as the heat cooling load of working surface".
(4) Proposed the viewpoint that installed capacity of terminal air cooler should include three parts "inlet airflow cooling load, working space cooling load and transmission cold loss", established calculation model that calculation the inlet airflow cooling load and cold loss along the roadway, discussed a determine method about the states parameters of the air cooler exports and the air cooler installation position.
(5) Demonstrated "put an end to the cold airflow's temperature rise in the course of transmission is impossible, but it is possible that put an end to the cold airflow's moisture absorption in the course of transmission, the loss of cold 1 gram water vapor was absorbed by per kg cold airflow is 2.5 time the loss of the per kg airflow's self temperature rise 1℃", come to a conclusion "reducing access to cold airflow in the amount of water vapor is more conducive to keep cold". So, we proposed a "isolate wet so to keep cold" new idea here, apply this concept to achieve the cold's long-distance transmission in the case of cold tube without insulation.
(6) Design and developed the large temperature drop, large enthalpy drop, larger wind volume, strong drying ability spray chamber which can handling the air on the ground of 35-39℃high temperature to about 5-10℃, the temperature drop rate up to about 30℃, and the air enthalpy drop in the 90kJ/kg around, each spray chamber could condensate 1180kg of water from the airflow per hour (the treated flow rate of 700m3/min).
(7) Developed one of the thermal damage control techniques that apply to the shaft in the mine construction period and long distance roadway heading face.
4. The principal innovations of this paper:
(1) Proposed a new method that represent the latent heat exchange capacity of water evaporation and wet exchange capacity in the roadway surface with airflow temperature and temperature difference, and through the introduction of the concept of coefficient latent heat, represent the wet roadway surface latent heat exchange capacity to multiples of sensible heat for the heat, all this simplified the existing complex calculation of roadway surface convection heat transfer and wet exchange capacity of the complex calculation.
(2) Based on the principle of division about first heat-damaged mine and second heat-damaged mine, demonstrated that the coal face and roadway head where mine original rock temperature is below 30℃would not appear high-temperature behavior. Proposed following new method to simplify the calculation "only calculation the surrounding rock and water body's emit heat where the original rock temperature exceeds 30℃as the heat cooling load of working surface. "
(3) Demonstrated "put an end to the cold airflow's temperature rise in the course of transmission is impossible, but it is possible that put an end to the cold airflow's moisture absorption in the course of transmission, the loss of cold 1 gram water vapor was absorbed by cold airflow is 2.5 time the loss of the airflow's self temperature rises 1℃", come to a conclusion "reducing access to cold airflow in the amount of water vapor, more conducive to cold". So, we proposed a "isolate wet so to keep cold" new idea here, apply this concept to achieve the cold's long-distance transmission in case of cold tube without insulation.
(4) Connection the "isolate wet so to keep cold" concept, proposed that put evaporative cooling technology as auxiliary cooling measures in mine cooling system's cold long-distance transmission, so to achieve the secondary cooling of cold wind.
本论文对高温矿井井巷热质交换理论及采掘工作面降温技术进行了研究。研究的具体内容和取得的研究成果如下：
1.研究内容：湿润巷道表面对流换热量简化计算法,预测高温矿井风流状态参数的方法,采掘工作面冷负荷计算法,确保采掘工作面降温效果的空冷器出风参数及安装位置确定方法,大焓降、大温降矿用空冷器的开发。
2.研究方法：采用理论分析和现场试验相结合的方法进行研究,并借助MATLAB计算软件对试验数据进行分析。
3.主要成果：
(1)以湿壁巷道与风流间的对流换热为研究对象,通过引入刘伊斯(Lewis)关系、将水蒸汽分压力和水的汽化潜热用温度的线性关系表示、引入潜热比系数和巷道表面湿度系数,并进行合理简化处理,从理论上得出了计算湿润巷道与风流间潜热交换量及湿交换量的简化计算式。分析得出：在标准大气压下,完全湿润表面的潜热交换量约为显热交换量的3.935倍,部分湿润巷道表面潜热交换量与湿润程度有关,约为显热交换量的0.2-1.57倍。
(2)针对国内外现有矿井风流热力参数预测方法多为综合各种影响因素、并高度归纳成单一数学表达式的处理方式所存在的弊端,提出了采用多个关联数学模型预测的方法。建立的新的预测模型表达式简单可靠,既能用手工完成计算,也可借助常用计算软件编写简单程序完成。
(3)基于以往采掘工作面冷负荷确定方法考虑因素多而复杂的问题,结合“原岩温度高于31℃的地区为一级热害区、高于37℃的地区为二级热害区”的划分原理,论证了矿井原岩温度低于30℃以下的采掘工作面不会出现高温现象。提出了“只计算原岩温度超过30℃以上部分围岩及水体放出的热量作为工作面空间降温冷负荷”的简化计算新方法。
(4)提出了末端空冷器装机容量应包括“进风流冷负荷、工作面冷负荷及输送冷损失”三大部分的观点,并建立了计算进风流冷负荷、沿途冷损失的数学模型,论述了空冷器出口状态参数及空冷器安装位置的确定方法。
(5)论证了“杜绝冷风流输送过程中温度升高是不可能的,但杜绝冷风流输送过程中不吸湿是有可能的；冷风流吸收1克水蒸气损失的冷量是温度升高1℃损失冷量的2.5倍”,得出了“减少冷风流中的水蒸气量更有利于保冷”的结论。因此,提出了“隔湿保冷”新理念。并运用该理念,实现冷风筒不保温情况下冷量的长距离输送。
(6)设计开发的拼装式大温降、大焓降、大风量、干燥能力强的喷水室可将地面35-39℃的高温空气处理到5-10℃左右,温降幅度可达30℃左右,空气焓降在90kJ/kg左右,每个喷水室每小时可从风流中冷凝1180kg水(处理风量为700m3／min)。
(7)开发了一种适用于矿井建设期间井筒及长距离大巷掘进工作面的热害防治技术。
4.论文主要创新点：
(1)提出了将巷道表面水分蒸发潜热交换量及湿交换量用巷道壁面温度与风流温度之差表达的新方法,并通过引入潜热比系数的概念,将湿润巷道表面潜热交换量表示成了显热换热量的倍数,简化了已有井巷表面对流换热量和湿交换量的复杂计算方法。
(2)依据一级热害矿井和二级热害矿井的划分原理,论证了矿井原岩温度低于30℃以下的采掘工作面不会出现高温现象。提出“只计算原岩温度超过30℃以上部分围岩及水体放出的热量作为采掘工作面空间降温冷负荷”的简化计算新方法。
(3)论证了“杜绝冷风流输送过程中温度升高是不可能的,但杜绝冷风流输送过程中不吸湿是有可能的；冷风流吸收1克水蒸气损失的冷量是温度升高1℃损失冷量的2.5倍”,得出了“减少冷风流中的水蒸气量更有利于保冷”的结论。提出了“隔湿保冷”新理念。并运用该理念,实现冷风筒不保温情况下冷量的长距离输送。
(4)结合“隔湿保冷”理念,提出将蒸发冷却技术作为矿井降温系统冷风长距离输送的辅助降温措施,实现冷风的二次降温。
With the development of mineral resources in the shallow depleted, mining has gradually developed to the deep. The phenomenon of high temperature of the ground, coal face and roadway head is inevitable. And mine heat-harm will be the sixth-largest disaster following the top five disasters as roof, gas, water, fire and dust. Moreover, the harm would exceed them. Therefore, research about the control theory and technology on high-temperature heat-harm mine is of great significance.
In this paper, the theory about heat and mass exchange in high temperature roadway and the cooling techniques about coal face and roadway head were studied. The specific contents of the study and obtained research results are as follows:
1. Contents of the study:Simplified the calculation methods of convection heat transfer about wet roadway surface. The methods about predicting airflow state parameters in high temperature mine. The calculation methods of mining face cooling load. Find the export wind parameters of the air cooler and the method used for installing the air cooler to ensure the cooling effect of the coal face and roadway head. The research and development of large enthalpy drop and large temperature drop mine air coolers.
2. Methods of the study:Combining theoretical analysis and field test, analyzing the test data using MATLAB software.
3. Main results of the study:
(1) Through the introduction of Lewis relationship, linear representation of the partial pressure of water vapor and the latent heat of water, latent heat ratio coefficient and the roadway surface moisture coefficient, and do a reasonable simplification, put the convection heat transfer of wet-wall tunnel and airflow as the research object, get the simplified calculation formula of latent heat exchange and wet exchange capacity between the wet roadway and airflow in theory. And analysis obtained:at the standard atmospheric pressure, the latent heat exchange capacity is about 3.935 times than sensible heat exchange capacity in completely wet surface; in partial wet roadway surface the latent heat exchange capacity is related to degree of wetness, and it's about 0.2-1.57 times the sensible heat exchange capacity.
(2) According to the shortcomings of that most of the existing prediction method on thermal parameters of mine air heating is integration of multiple factors and highly summarized into a single mathematical expression home and abroad, proposed a predict method using multiple associated mathematical models. The new established model's expression is simple and reliable and can be calculated by hand or be completed by calculation software with simple program.
(3) Based on the problems that previously determining methods of mining face cooling load takes many complex factors into account and "the land area where the original rock temperature above 31℃is designated as first heat-damaged area, the land area which is higher than 37℃is designated as second heat-damaged area", proposed the simple calculation method "only calculation the surrounding rock and water body's emit heat where the original rock temperature exceeds 30℃as the heat cooling load of working surface".
(4) Proposed the viewpoint that installed capacity of terminal air cooler should include three parts "inlet airflow cooling load, working space cooling load and transmission cold loss", established calculation model that calculation the inlet airflow cooling load and cold loss along the roadway, discussed a determine method about the states parameters of the air cooler exports and the air cooler installation position.
(5) Demonstrated "put an end to the cold airflow's temperature rise in the course of transmission is impossible, but it is possible that put an end to the cold airflow's moisture absorption in the course of transmission, the loss of cold 1 gram water vapor was absorbed by per kg cold airflow is 2.5 time the loss of the per kg airflow's self temperature rise 1℃", come to a conclusion "reducing access to cold airflow in the amount of water vapor is more conducive to keep cold". So, we proposed a "isolate wet so to keep cold" new idea here, apply this concept to achieve the cold's long-distance transmission in the case of cold tube without insulation.
(6) Design and developed the large temperature drop, large enthalpy drop, larger wind volume, strong drying ability spray chamber which can handling the air on the ground of 35-39℃high temperature to about 5-10℃, the temperature drop rate up to about 30℃, and the air enthalpy drop in the 90kJ/kg around, each spray chamber could condensate 1180kg of water from the airflow per hour (the treated flow rate of 700m3/min).
(7) Developed one of the thermal damage control techniques that apply to the shaft in the mine construction period and long distance roadway heading face.
4. The principal innovations of this paper:
(1) Proposed a new method that represent the latent heat exchange capacity of water evaporation and wet exchange capacity in the roadway surface with airflow temperature and temperature difference, and through the introduction of the concept of coefficient latent heat, represent the wet roadway surface latent heat exchange capacity to multiples of sensible heat for the heat, all this simplified the existing complex calculation of roadway surface convection heat transfer and wet exchange capacity of the complex calculation.
(2) Based on the principle of division about first heat-damaged mine and second heat-damaged mine, demonstrated that the coal face and roadway head where mine original rock temperature is below 30℃would not appear high-temperature behavior. Proposed following new method to simplify the calculation "only calculation the surrounding rock and water body's emit heat where the original rock temperature exceeds 30℃as the heat cooling load of working surface. "
(3) Demonstrated "put an end to the cold airflow's temperature rise in the course of transmission is impossible, but it is possible that put an end to the cold airflow's moisture absorption in the course of transmission, the loss of cold 1 gram water vapor was absorbed by cold airflow is 2.5 time the loss of the airflow's self temperature rises 1℃", come to a conclusion "reducing access to cold airflow in the amount of water vapor, more conducive to cold". So, we proposed a "isolate wet so to keep cold" new idea here, apply this concept to achieve the cold's long-distance transmission in case of cold tube without insulation.
(4) Connection the "isolate wet so to keep cold" concept, proposed that put evaporative cooling technology as auxiliary cooling measures in mine cooling system's cold long-distance transmission, so to achieve the secondary cooling of cold wind.
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