宽光谱激光探测光学系统设计
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摘要
随着激光技术的发展,光电对抗成为现代战争中的重要一环,各国对激光威胁的侦察、探测和告警工作都极为重视。针对短脉冲激光信号的探测一直是人们关注的课题,本文所介绍的激光告警装置能够实现对宽光谱、大视场脉冲激光波长及方位的探测。
本文的工作重点是对500-1600nm波长范围内脉冲激光信号进行准确、快速、实时的检测与识别。主要内容包括三个方面：
1.设计了一套基于鱼眼透镜的光学接收系统,从而保证了本激光告警系统具有很大的视场范围。
2.由于探测范围分为500-900nm、900-1600nm两段,所以采用了两套光谱分光系统。以全息凹面光栅为色散系统简化了光学分光系统的组成,使激光告警装置小型化得到了实现。通过光学分光系统与光学接收系统的有效耦合,极大降低了光能的损耗,提高了装置的灵敏度。
3.基于凹面光栅方程式推导了来袭激光波长及方位定标的表达式。通过大量测量,以及曲线拟合的方法,很好地校正了系统的误差,提高了波长定标公式的精确度,使本告警装置具有很大的可靠性。
最终将整套光学系统进行了集成化,使本告警装置实现了小型化、集成化的目标。
With the development of laser technology, the electro-optical countermeasure becomes an important factor for modern wars, and all countries attach most importance to the detection of the threat of laser. The detection to the signal of short pulse laser attaches much interest all over the world. The laser warning device presented here could be employed to the detection of the wavelength and orientation of pulse laser with wide spectrum and angle of view.
This thesis is devoted to the exact, fast and real-time detection and recognition to the signal of pulse laser with wavelength of 500～1600 nm.The following contexts are mainly included:
1.A set of optical receiving system with fisheye lens is designed to guarantee the wide angle of view.
2. Two sets of spectrometers are employed according to the divided wavelengths of 500-900nm and 900-1600nm.Holographic concave grating is adopted as dispersive system to simplify the spectrometer system so as to minimize the laser warning device. Spectrometer system and optical receiving system are effectively coupled to reduce the loss of light energy and to enhance the sensitivity of the whole device.
3. The formulas about wavelength and orientation are derived on the basis of concave grating equation. Much measurements and curve-fitting are employed to reduce error and to improve the accuracy of formulas resulting in the much dependence of the device.
Finally the optical system is integrated to the miniaturization and integration of the whole laser warning device.
本文的工作重点是对500-1600nm波长范围内脉冲激光信号进行准确、快速、实时的检测与识别。主要内容包括三个方面：
1.设计了一套基于鱼眼透镜的光学接收系统,从而保证了本激光告警系统具有很大的视场范围。
2.由于探测范围分为500-900nm、900-1600nm两段,所以采用了两套光谱分光系统。以全息凹面光栅为色散系统简化了光学分光系统的组成,使激光告警装置小型化得到了实现。通过光学分光系统与光学接收系统的有效耦合,极大降低了光能的损耗,提高了装置的灵敏度。
3.基于凹面光栅方程式推导了来袭激光波长及方位定标的表达式。通过大量测量,以及曲线拟合的方法,很好地校正了系统的误差,提高了波长定标公式的精确度,使本告警装置具有很大的可靠性。
最终将整套光学系统进行了集成化,使本告警装置实现了小型化、集成化的目标。
With the development of laser technology, the electro-optical countermeasure becomes an important factor for modern wars, and all countries attach most importance to the detection of the threat of laser. The detection to the signal of short pulse laser attaches much interest all over the world. The laser warning device presented here could be employed to the detection of the wavelength and orientation of pulse laser with wide spectrum and angle of view.
This thesis is devoted to the exact, fast and real-time detection and recognition to the signal of pulse laser with wavelength of 500～1600 nm.The following contexts are mainly included:
1.A set of optical receiving system with fisheye lens is designed to guarantee the wide angle of view.
2. Two sets of spectrometers are employed according to the divided wavelengths of 500-900nm and 900-1600nm.Holographic concave grating is adopted as dispersive system to simplify the spectrometer system so as to minimize the laser warning device. Spectrometer system and optical receiving system are effectively coupled to reduce the loss of light energy and to enhance the sensitivity of the whole device.
3. The formulas about wavelength and orientation are derived on the basis of concave grating equation. Much measurements and curve-fitting are employed to reduce error and to improve the accuracy of formulas resulting in the much dependence of the device.
Finally the optical system is integrated to the miniaturization and integration of the whole laser warning device.
引文
[1]付伟,付朝.激光侦察告警技术的发展现状.激光集锦.1999,Vol.9,No.2,pp10-14
[2]陈定昌,袁起,范金荣.精确制导武器发展趋势.现代防御技术.2000,Vol.28,No.4,pp42-47
[3]付伟.防空体系中的光电对抗技术.激光与红外工程.1999,Vol.27,No.1,pp11-16
[4]王戎瑞.美国机载激光武器发展现状.激光与红外.1999,Vol.29,No.4,pp196-198
[5]王戎瑞.美国导弹防御激光雷达技术.激光与红外.1999,Vol.29,No.5,pp264-266
[6]施德恒,郭峰.光谱识别型激光警戒系统述评.激光与红外.1999,Vol.29,No.1,pp10-13
[7]付伟.舰载激光侦察告警设备的新发展.舰船电子对抗.2000,No.1,pp1-4
[8]张景旭.激光威胁源告警定向技术研究.光学精密工程.2000,Vol.8,No.4,pp366-367
[9]卢克成.激光在国外海军中的应用及发展趋势.光电系统.1999,No.2,pp1-6
[10]杨树谦.精确制导武器和技术.红外与激光工程.1999,Vol.28,No.6
[11]任国光,黄裕年.强激光武器技术最新发展评述.激光技术.1999,Vol.23, No.4,pp194-201
[12]王永仲.现代军用光学技术.北京：科学出版社.2003
[13]赵霞.利用线阵CCD实现宽波段、大视场短脉冲激光波长的远场测量.光电工程.1996,Vol.23,No.5,pp29-32
[14]王高,周汉昌,张记龙.脉冲激光波长相干测试仿真研究.华北工学院学报.2005, Vol.26,No.5,pp46-49
[15]李晓彤.几何光学和光学设计.杭州：浙江大学出版社.1997
[16]吴国安.光谱仪器设计.北京：科学出版社.1978
[17]塔拉索夫[苏].包学诚,桑胜泉,祝绍箕译.光谱仪器.北京：机械工业出版社.1985
[18]李全臣,蒋月娟.光谱仪器原理.北京：北京理工大学出版社.1999
[19]林中,范世福.光谱仪器学.北京：机械工业出版社.1988
[20]Robert D. Kaiser. Analysis and Test of A Wide Angle Spectrometer. Captain,
USAF,1989
[21]陈刚.混合集成微型光纤光谱仪的研制.重庆大学博士学位论文.2002
[22]胡松,温志渝等.微小型光谱仪谱面平直的研究.微米／纳米科学与技术.2000,Vol.5,No.1,pp94-96
[23]胡松,温志渝等.一种新型微小型光谱仪的设计.压电与声光.2000,Vol.22, No.6,pp363-367
[24]孙磊.大截面光线传像束及应用.应用光学.2000,pp58-60
[25]David Content and Takeshi Namioka, Deformed ellipsoidal gratings for far-ultraviolet spectrographs:analytic optimization, Applied Optics,1993, Vol.32, No.25, pp4881-4889
[26]Eiji Ishiguro, Ryoichi Iwanaga and Takanori Oshio, Geometric optical theory ofdiffraction gratings, Optical Society of America,1979, Vol.69, No.11, pp1530-1538
[27]J.M. Lerner, R. J. Chammbers, and G Passereau, Flat field imaging spectroscopy using aberration corrected holographic gratings, Proc SPIE,1981,Vol.268, pp 122-128
[28]Robert Grange, Holographic spherical gratings:a new family of quasi-stigmatic designs for the Rowland-circle mounting, Applied Optics,1993, Vol.32, No.25, pp4875-4880
[29]赵春华,朱祖华,陈抗生等.二维消像差平面场型凹面光栅的设计与成像分析.光学学报.1998,Vol.18,No.8,pp1146-1148
[30]李儒新,范品忠,陆培样等.掠入射平场光栅光谱仪消级次重叠技术的实验研究.光学学报.1993,Vol.13,No.9,pp830-834
[31]范希安,王国权,程慧玲等.计算全息相位补偿法制作全息凹面光栅的设计与实验.光学学报.1984,Vol.4,No.6,pp68-74
[32]程慧玲,乌仔敏贤,金国藩等.计算全息相位补偿法制作全息凹面光栅的改进.光学学报.1987,V61.7,No.7,pp606-611
[33]庄菊池.全息凹面光栅的优化设计.应用光学.1992,Vol.13,No.5,pp38-41
[34]刘虎,沈为民.扫描平场全息凹面光栅.光学学报.1991,Vol.11,No.6, pp545-552
[35]沈为民,包仁.实验评估全息凹面光栅平场摄谱仪.光学技术.1998,No.1, pp20-22
[36]张继彦,杨国洪,张保汉等.小型平焦场光栅光谱仪的研制.光学学报.2001, Vol.21,No.9,pp1099-1102
[37]王庆有.CCD应用技术.天津：天津大学出版社.2000
[38]陈亦望.计算机辅助设计基础.南京：东南大学出版社.1996
[39]刘元高,刘耀儒.Mathematica 4.0实用教程.北京：国防工业出版社.2000
[40]洪国胜,张建原,洪月里.C++ Builder程序设计轻松上手.北京：清华大学出版社.2001.9
[41]卢兆林,韩香娥,丁春颖.利用全息凹面光栅实现的激光光谱分析.西安电子科技大学研究生年会.2005,pp78-82
[42]丁春颖,韩香娥,卢兆林.CCD降噪技术研究及应用.西安电子科技大学研究生年会.2005,pp82-86
[2]陈定昌,袁起,范金荣.精确制导武器发展趋势.现代防御技术.2000,Vol.28,No.4,pp42-47
[3]付伟.防空体系中的光电对抗技术.激光与红外工程.1999,Vol.27,No.1,pp11-16
[4]王戎瑞.美国机载激光武器发展现状.激光与红外.1999,Vol.29,No.4,pp196-198
[5]王戎瑞.美国导弹防御激光雷达技术.激光与红外.1999,Vol.29,No.5,pp264-266
[6]施德恒,郭峰.光谱识别型激光警戒系统述评.激光与红外.1999,Vol.29,No.1,pp10-13
[7]付伟.舰载激光侦察告警设备的新发展.舰船电子对抗.2000,No.1,pp1-4
[8]张景旭.激光威胁源告警定向技术研究.光学精密工程.2000,Vol.8,No.4,pp366-367
[9]卢克成.激光在国外海军中的应用及发展趋势.光电系统.1999,No.2,pp1-6
[10]杨树谦.精确制导武器和技术.红外与激光工程.1999,Vol.28,No.6
[11]任国光,黄裕年.强激光武器技术最新发展评述.激光技术.1999,Vol.23, No.4,pp194-201
[12]王永仲.现代军用光学技术.北京：科学出版社.2003
[13]赵霞.利用线阵CCD实现宽波段、大视场短脉冲激光波长的远场测量.光电工程.1996,Vol.23,No.5,pp29-32
[14]王高,周汉昌,张记龙.脉冲激光波长相干测试仿真研究.华北工学院学报.2005, Vol.26,No.5,pp46-49
[15]李晓彤.几何光学和光学设计.杭州：浙江大学出版社.1997
[16]吴国安.光谱仪器设计.北京：科学出版社.1978
[17]塔拉索夫[苏].包学诚,桑胜泉,祝绍箕译.光谱仪器.北京：机械工业出版社.1985
[18]李全臣,蒋月娟.光谱仪器原理.北京：北京理工大学出版社.1999
[19]林中,范世福.光谱仪器学.北京：机械工业出版社.1988
[20]Robert D. Kaiser. Analysis and Test of A Wide Angle Spectrometer. Captain,
USAF,1989
[21]陈刚.混合集成微型光纤光谱仪的研制.重庆大学博士学位论文.2002
[22]胡松,温志渝等.微小型光谱仪谱面平直的研究.微米／纳米科学与技术.2000,Vol.5,No.1,pp94-96
[23]胡松,温志渝等.一种新型微小型光谱仪的设计.压电与声光.2000,Vol.22, No.6,pp363-367
[24]孙磊.大截面光线传像束及应用.应用光学.2000,pp58-60
[25]David Content and Takeshi Namioka, Deformed ellipsoidal gratings for far-ultraviolet spectrographs:analytic optimization, Applied Optics,1993, Vol.32, No.25, pp4881-4889
[26]Eiji Ishiguro, Ryoichi Iwanaga and Takanori Oshio, Geometric optical theory ofdiffraction gratings, Optical Society of America,1979, Vol.69, No.11, pp1530-1538
[27]J.M. Lerner, R. J. Chammbers, and G Passereau, Flat field imaging spectroscopy using aberration corrected holographic gratings, Proc SPIE,1981,Vol.268, pp 122-128
[28]Robert Grange, Holographic spherical gratings:a new family of quasi-stigmatic designs for the Rowland-circle mounting, Applied Optics,1993, Vol.32, No.25, pp4875-4880
[29]赵春华,朱祖华,陈抗生等.二维消像差平面场型凹面光栅的设计与成像分析.光学学报.1998,Vol.18,No.8,pp1146-1148
[30]李儒新,范品忠,陆培样等.掠入射平场光栅光谱仪消级次重叠技术的实验研究.光学学报.1993,Vol.13,No.9,pp830-834
[31]范希安,王国权,程慧玲等.计算全息相位补偿法制作全息凹面光栅的设计与实验.光学学报.1984,Vol.4,No.6,pp68-74
[32]程慧玲,乌仔敏贤,金国藩等.计算全息相位补偿法制作全息凹面光栅的改进.光学学报.1987,V61.7,No.7,pp606-611
[33]庄菊池.全息凹面光栅的优化设计.应用光学.1992,Vol.13,No.5,pp38-41
[34]刘虎,沈为民.扫描平场全息凹面光栅.光学学报.1991,Vol.11,No.6, pp545-552
[35]沈为民,包仁.实验评估全息凹面光栅平场摄谱仪.光学技术.1998,No.1, pp20-22
[36]张继彦,杨国洪,张保汉等.小型平焦场光栅光谱仪的研制.光学学报.2001, Vol.21,No.9,pp1099-1102
[37]王庆有.CCD应用技术.天津：天津大学出版社.2000
[38]陈亦望.计算机辅助设计基础.南京：东南大学出版社.1996
[39]刘元高,刘耀儒.Mathematica 4.0实用教程.北京：国防工业出版社.2000
[40]洪国胜,张建原,洪月里.C++ Builder程序设计轻松上手.北京：清华大学出版社.2001.9
[41]卢兆林,韩香娥,丁春颖.利用全息凹面光栅实现的激光光谱分析.西安电子科技大学研究生年会.2005,pp78-82
[42]丁春颖,韩香娥,卢兆林.CCD降噪技术研究及应用.西安电子科技大学研究生年会.2005,pp82-86