FPcA-I型太赫兹时域光谱系统仪器化研究
摘要
太赫兹波是一种波长介于红外与微波之间的电磁波,具有电磁学和光电子学两方面的特性,在自然界中广泛存在。太赫兹时域光谱技术是一种电磁辐射位相相干技术,利用飞秒脉冲激光泵浦产生和探测太赫兹电磁场辐射,能同时获得太赫兹脉冲的振幅和相位信息。因此,太赫兹时域光谱技术具有很高的时间分辨率和频域分辨率,光谱系统能达到很高的探测信噪比和较宽的探测带宽,可广泛应用于多种样品特征谱的检测。随着国内外太赫兹光谱仪器产品的发展和国家对科学仪器发展的重视,开发和研制具有自主知识产权的太赫兹时域光谱仪器对太赫兹科学技术的推广和应用研究具有重要意义。实用型、小型化、高性能正是目前太赫兹光谱技术仪器化研究发展的方向。本文结合实验室现有太赫兹时域光谱系统的特点,以实用化为主导方向,进行了实验室系统装置的仪器化工作。目前所做工作为第一代产品的研制,主要内容包括以下5个方面:
1.结合光电导天线THz-TDS原理以及结构组成,对实验室原有太赫兹系统进行改进。采用小型光纤激光器泵浦产生飞秒激光脉冲;搭建了紧凑型的光纤光电导天线(Fiber Photoconductive Antenna, FPcA)THz-TDS系统;采用CD552-R3电路进行数据采集,用基于cy7c68013的USB模块进行数据通讯。以上改进在保证系统性能的同时缩小了系统体积。编写上位机控制界面,增加了中药图谱数据库,通过图谱比对可以进行中药样品的鉴定。
2.设计并加工一款分层式结构的光谱仪外壳,将系统中的分立元件集中放置,对光路系统进行防振设计和密封设计,实现系统的仪器化。外壳选用高性能轻便的工程塑料ABS材料,系统整体尺寸小、重量轻,方便移动。
3.制作了片剂样品连续检测装置和用于检测液体的三槽位式的比色皿架,方便用户进行多种形态样品的检测。设计由步进电机控制的二维平移台,实现样品二维扫描的自动控制,用于基底皮肤癌组织的扫描成像。
4.对系统中可能存在的、由于延迟线倾斜造成的太赫兹实测谱线的线性缩放,采用高精度傅里叶红外光谱仪——布鲁克产品VERTEX 80的检测结果作为参考,对太赫兹频谱的线性缩放进行比对修正,取得了良好的效果。
5.将仪器组装完毕后对仪器的整体性能进行评价和初步的测试,结果表明整体仪器可以进行样品的检测,并且操作舒适,人机环境友好。
As an electromagnetic wave with wavelength between infrared and microwave, terahertz wave has characters with both electromagnetism and light electronics, which exists widely in nature. The terahertz time-domain spectrum technique is a kind of coherent detection of electromagnetic radiation. By using femtosecond pulse laser pumped to produce and detection terahertz radiation it can gain terahertz pulse amplitude and phase information. The time domain terahertz spectrum technology can be applied with a wide range of samples according the spectrum characteristics of detection. Developing and manufacturing terahertz spectral instrument with independent intellectual property rights is of great significance, so we work to make the terahertz spectral instruments practical, miniaturized and high performance, and the main content includes the following 5 aspects.
1. Using optical fiber laser of small size pumped to produce femtosecond laser pulses; Setting up compact fiber photoconduction THz-TDS system; Using CD552-R3 circuit in data collection and cy7c68013 USB module in data communication.
2. A spectrometer shell of hierarchical structure is designed to make the system antiquating and sealed. The shell is made of light engineering plastic- ABS, which makes the whole system of small size, light weight, and convenient to move.
3. A continuous detector for testing tablet samples and a device for detecting liquid samples are made for users in detecting various forms of samples conveniently. By designing a stepping motor controller, make samples of 2-d scanning automatically.
4. In odder to decrease the possible misregistration caused by the delay line tilt, we use the results of Fourier infrared spectrometer-- VERTEX 80 as standard baseline, to calibrate terahertz spectrum, and have obtained good effect.
5. After the instrument’s assembling, we complete evaluating and preliminary testing of the overall instrument, and the results show that the overall instrument can be used to detect samples, with the operation comfortably and man-machine environment friendly.
1.结合光电导天线THz-TDS原理以及结构组成,对实验室原有太赫兹系统进行改进。采用小型光纤激光器泵浦产生飞秒激光脉冲;搭建了紧凑型的光纤光电导天线(Fiber Photoconductive Antenna, FPcA)THz-TDS系统;采用CD552-R3电路进行数据采集,用基于cy7c68013的USB模块进行数据通讯。以上改进在保证系统性能的同时缩小了系统体积。编写上位机控制界面,增加了中药图谱数据库,通过图谱比对可以进行中药样品的鉴定。
2.设计并加工一款分层式结构的光谱仪外壳,将系统中的分立元件集中放置,对光路系统进行防振设计和密封设计,实现系统的仪器化。外壳选用高性能轻便的工程塑料ABS材料,系统整体尺寸小、重量轻,方便移动。
3.制作了片剂样品连续检测装置和用于检测液体的三槽位式的比色皿架,方便用户进行多种形态样品的检测。设计由步进电机控制的二维平移台,实现样品二维扫描的自动控制,用于基底皮肤癌组织的扫描成像。
4.对系统中可能存在的、由于延迟线倾斜造成的太赫兹实测谱线的线性缩放,采用高精度傅里叶红外光谱仪——布鲁克产品VERTEX 80的检测结果作为参考,对太赫兹频谱的线性缩放进行比对修正,取得了良好的效果。
5.将仪器组装完毕后对仪器的整体性能进行评价和初步的测试,结果表明整体仪器可以进行样品的检测,并且操作舒适,人机环境友好。
As an electromagnetic wave with wavelength between infrared and microwave, terahertz wave has characters with both electromagnetism and light electronics, which exists widely in nature. The terahertz time-domain spectrum technique is a kind of coherent detection of electromagnetic radiation. By using femtosecond pulse laser pumped to produce and detection terahertz radiation it can gain terahertz pulse amplitude and phase information. The time domain terahertz spectrum technology can be applied with a wide range of samples according the spectrum characteristics of detection. Developing and manufacturing terahertz spectral instrument with independent intellectual property rights is of great significance, so we work to make the terahertz spectral instruments practical, miniaturized and high performance, and the main content includes the following 5 aspects.
1. Using optical fiber laser of small size pumped to produce femtosecond laser pulses; Setting up compact fiber photoconduction THz-TDS system; Using CD552-R3 circuit in data collection and cy7c68013 USB module in data communication.
2. A spectrometer shell of hierarchical structure is designed to make the system antiquating and sealed. The shell is made of light engineering plastic- ABS, which makes the whole system of small size, light weight, and convenient to move.
3. A continuous detector for testing tablet samples and a device for detecting liquid samples are made for users in detecting various forms of samples conveniently. By designing a stepping motor controller, make samples of 2-d scanning automatically.
4. In odder to decrease the possible misregistration caused by the delay line tilt, we use the results of Fourier infrared spectrometer-- VERTEX 80 as standard baseline, to calibrate terahertz spectrum, and have obtained good effect.
5. After the instrument’s assembling, we complete evaluating and preliminary testing of the overall instrument, and the results show that the overall instrument can be used to detect samples, with the operation comfortably and man-machine environment friendly.
引文
[1]许景周,张希成,太赫兹科学技术和应用,北京:北京大学出版社,2007,1~5
[2] BradleyFerguson,张希成,太赫兹科学与技术研究回顾,物理,2003,32(5):286~292
[3]朱莉,基于太赫兹波的食品添加剂检测技术研究,硕士论文,浙江大学,2008:3~15
[4] Y.-C. Shen, T. Lo, P.F. Taday, Detection and identi?cation of explosives using terahertz pulsed spectroscopic imaging, Applied Physics Letters, 2005 86(241116):1~3
[5] Chen Q,Zhang X C,Electro-Optic THz Imaging, Ultra fast Laser:Technology and Applications. Ed.by Ferman [M].New York:Marcel Dekker Inc,2001:521~572.
[6]张存林,太赫兹感测与成像,北京:国防工业出版社,2008:46~48
[7]曹丙花,范孟豹,荆胜羽,基于太赫兹波时域光谱技术的纺织材料鉴别和分类技术研究,光谱学与光谱分析,2010,7(30):1748~1751
[8]张存林,张岩,赵国忠等,太赫兹感测与成像,北京:国防工业出版社,2008:70~95
[9]杨昆,赵国忠,梁承森,武利忠,脉冲太赫兹波成像与连续波太赫兹成像特性的比较,中国激光,2009,36(11):2853~2858
[10] D. Crawley, L. Christopher, P. Vincentet al..Three-dimensional terahertz pulse imaging of dental tissue ,J. Biomedical Optics,2003,8(2): 303~307
[11] C. Pan. An overview of THz research activities in Taiwan ,SPIE,2005,5727: 74~81
[12] H. Zhong, N. Karpowicz, J. Partridgeet , Terahertz wave imaging for landmine detection ,SPIE,2004,5411: 33~44
[13] M. Fitch, D. Schauki, C. Kellyet al..THz imaging and spectroscopy for landmine detection, SPIE, 2004,5354: 45~54
[14]张蕾,徐新龙,汪力等,太赫兹射线成像的进展概况,量子电子学报,2005,22(2):129~134
[15]王少宏,许景润,汪力等,THz技术的应用及展望,物理,2001,30(10): 612~615
[16] J. Gunn. The gunn effect, microwave oscillation of current in III-V semiconductors, Solid State Communication,1963,1: 88~91
[17] K. Siebert, T. Loffler, H. Quastet , All-optoelectronic continuous wave THz imaging for biomedical applications, Phys. Med. Biol.,2002,47(21):3743~3748
[18] Peter Uhd Jepsen1,* , David G. Cooke1 , and Martin Koch2,Terahertz spectroscopy and imaging– Modern techniques and applications, Laser Photonics ,2011 ,5(1):124~166
[19]牧凯军,张振伟,张存林,中国电子科学研究院学报,太赫兹科学与技术, 2009,4(3):221~228
[20] B. Hu, X. Zhang, D. Austonet, Free-space radiation from electro-optic crystals , Appl. Phys. Lett.,1990,56(6):506~508
[21] Q. Wu, X. Zhang. Free-space electro-optic sampling of terahertz beams , Appl. Phys. Lett.,1995,67(24): 3523~3525
[22] M. Campbell, E. Heilwei, Noninvasive detection of weapons of mass destruction using terahertz radiation , SPIE, 2003, 5070: 38~43
[23]薛冰,太赫兹波的产生与探测,硕士论文,中国科学院研究生院(西安光学精密机械研究所),2009: 8~15
[24]谷建强,光电导天线THz时域光谱系统和THz小波域光谱技术,硕士论文,天津大学,2007:12~28
[25]田震,王昌雷,栗岩锋等,基于光子晶体光纤飞秒激光器的紧凑型太赫兹时域光谱仪,中国激光,2008,(35)3
[26]曲秋红,实用太赫兹光谱仪信号锁相放大新技术研究,硕士论文,天津大学,2010:3~8
[27]谷建强,太赫兹奇异介质研究,博士学位论文,天津大学,2010:34~37
[28]何明霞,曲秋红,弱信号锁相放大CD552-R3电路,传感技术学报,2010,10(23):1454~1457
[29]韩峻峰,《测控仪器设计》,重庆:重庆大学出版社,2009
[30]李荣华,光谱仪器研制中的工业设计,光谱仪器与分析,1996,10(4):25~26
[31]互联网,http://etc.bjut.edu.cn/web/jp/09sb/shjsc/jpkc/JXDG-6-skja-1.html
[32]王德东,李孝忠,徐雪萌,电子电气产品机械结构设计综述,电子机械工程,2004,20(5):1~4
[33]单片机与TA8435的步进电机细分控制方法,http://www.ca800.com/apply/html/2011-11-24/n69552_0.html
[34]周燕,牧凯军,张艳东等,燃料箱泡沫板的连续太赫兹波无损检测,无损检测,2007,29(5):267~271
[35]曹丙花,张光新,周泽魁,太赫兹时域光谱技术在纺织纤维鉴别中的应用,电子科技大学学报, 2010,39(1):55~57
[36]王高,周汉昌,姚宝岱等,爆炸物太赫兹光谱探测技术研究进展,激光与光电子学进展,48,013001 (2011)
[37]张亮亮,张存林,赵跃进等,爆炸性物质太赫兹时间分辨光谱测量,光谱学与光谱分析:2007,27(8):1457~1460
[38]杜宇,张伟斌,肖丽,太赫兹检测技术在炸药检测中的应用,信息与电子工程,2011,9(3):287~290
[39]王迎新,陈志强,赵自然等,基于太赫兹时域谱分析的爆炸物检测方法研究,光学技术,2007,33(4):587~590
[40] Hai-Bo Liu, Yunqing Chen, Detection and identification of explosive RDX by THz diffuse reflection spectroscopy, OPTICS EXPRESS,2006,14(1):415~423
[41]杨照金,王雷,范纪红,空间光学仪器设备及其校准检测技术,中国计量出版社,2009
[42]崔岩梅,周自力,激光测距机的现场校准,光电子·激光,2001,12(9):946~948
[43]马建敏,手持激光测距仪检定方法研究,上海计量测试,2003,30(2):9~13
[44]刘文涛,李景文,孙志慧,太赫兹时域光谱技术及激光雷达光谱探测误差分析与实验验证,光谱学与光谱分析,2010,3(10):577~581
[2] BradleyFerguson,张希成,太赫兹科学与技术研究回顾,物理,2003,32(5):286~292
[3]朱莉,基于太赫兹波的食品添加剂检测技术研究,硕士论文,浙江大学,2008:3~15
[4] Y.-C. Shen, T. Lo, P.F. Taday, Detection and identi?cation of explosives using terahertz pulsed spectroscopic imaging, Applied Physics Letters, 2005 86(241116):1~3
[5] Chen Q,Zhang X C,Electro-Optic THz Imaging, Ultra fast Laser:Technology and Applications. Ed.by Ferman [M].New York:Marcel Dekker Inc,2001:521~572.
[6]张存林,太赫兹感测与成像,北京:国防工业出版社,2008:46~48
[7]曹丙花,范孟豹,荆胜羽,基于太赫兹波时域光谱技术的纺织材料鉴别和分类技术研究,光谱学与光谱分析,2010,7(30):1748~1751
[8]张存林,张岩,赵国忠等,太赫兹感测与成像,北京:国防工业出版社,2008:70~95
[9]杨昆,赵国忠,梁承森,武利忠,脉冲太赫兹波成像与连续波太赫兹成像特性的比较,中国激光,2009,36(11):2853~2858
[10] D. Crawley, L. Christopher, P. Vincentet al..Three-dimensional terahertz pulse imaging of dental tissue ,J. Biomedical Optics,2003,8(2): 303~307
[11] C. Pan. An overview of THz research activities in Taiwan ,SPIE,2005,5727: 74~81
[12] H. Zhong, N. Karpowicz, J. Partridgeet , Terahertz wave imaging for landmine detection ,SPIE,2004,5411: 33~44
[13] M. Fitch, D. Schauki, C. Kellyet al..THz imaging and spectroscopy for landmine detection, SPIE, 2004,5354: 45~54
[14]张蕾,徐新龙,汪力等,太赫兹射线成像的进展概况,量子电子学报,2005,22(2):129~134
[15]王少宏,许景润,汪力等,THz技术的应用及展望,物理,2001,30(10): 612~615
[16] J. Gunn. The gunn effect, microwave oscillation of current in III-V semiconductors, Solid State Communication,1963,1: 88~91
[17] K. Siebert, T. Loffler, H. Quastet , All-optoelectronic continuous wave THz imaging for biomedical applications, Phys. Med. Biol.,2002,47(21):3743~3748
[18] Peter Uhd Jepsen1,* , David G. Cooke1 , and Martin Koch2,Terahertz spectroscopy and imaging– Modern techniques and applications, Laser Photonics ,2011 ,5(1):124~166
[19]牧凯军,张振伟,张存林,中国电子科学研究院学报,太赫兹科学与技术, 2009,4(3):221~228
[20] B. Hu, X. Zhang, D. Austonet, Free-space radiation from electro-optic crystals , Appl. Phys. Lett.,1990,56(6):506~508
[21] Q. Wu, X. Zhang. Free-space electro-optic sampling of terahertz beams , Appl. Phys. Lett.,1995,67(24): 3523~3525
[22] M. Campbell, E. Heilwei, Noninvasive detection of weapons of mass destruction using terahertz radiation , SPIE, 2003, 5070: 38~43
[23]薛冰,太赫兹波的产生与探测,硕士论文,中国科学院研究生院(西安光学精密机械研究所),2009: 8~15
[24]谷建强,光电导天线THz时域光谱系统和THz小波域光谱技术,硕士论文,天津大学,2007:12~28
[25]田震,王昌雷,栗岩锋等,基于光子晶体光纤飞秒激光器的紧凑型太赫兹时域光谱仪,中国激光,2008,(35)3
[26]曲秋红,实用太赫兹光谱仪信号锁相放大新技术研究,硕士论文,天津大学,2010:3~8
[27]谷建强,太赫兹奇异介质研究,博士学位论文,天津大学,2010:34~37
[28]何明霞,曲秋红,弱信号锁相放大CD552-R3电路,传感技术学报,2010,10(23):1454~1457
[29]韩峻峰,《测控仪器设计》,重庆:重庆大学出版社,2009
[30]李荣华,光谱仪器研制中的工业设计,光谱仪器与分析,1996,10(4):25~26
[31]互联网,http://etc.bjut.edu.cn/web/jp/09sb/shjsc/jpkc/JXDG-6-skja-1.html
[32]王德东,李孝忠,徐雪萌,电子电气产品机械结构设计综述,电子机械工程,2004,20(5):1~4
[33]单片机与TA8435的步进电机细分控制方法,http://www.ca800.com/apply/html/2011-11-24/n69552_0.html
[34]周燕,牧凯军,张艳东等,燃料箱泡沫板的连续太赫兹波无损检测,无损检测,2007,29(5):267~271
[35]曹丙花,张光新,周泽魁,太赫兹时域光谱技术在纺织纤维鉴别中的应用,电子科技大学学报, 2010,39(1):55~57
[36]王高,周汉昌,姚宝岱等,爆炸物太赫兹光谱探测技术研究进展,激光与光电子学进展,48,013001 (2011)
[37]张亮亮,张存林,赵跃进等,爆炸性物质太赫兹时间分辨光谱测量,光谱学与光谱分析:2007,27(8):1457~1460
[38]杜宇,张伟斌,肖丽,太赫兹检测技术在炸药检测中的应用,信息与电子工程,2011,9(3):287~290
[39]王迎新,陈志强,赵自然等,基于太赫兹时域谱分析的爆炸物检测方法研究,光学技术,2007,33(4):587~590
[40] Hai-Bo Liu, Yunqing Chen, Detection and identification of explosive RDX by THz diffuse reflection spectroscopy, OPTICS EXPRESS,2006,14(1):415~423
[41]杨照金,王雷,范纪红,空间光学仪器设备及其校准检测技术,中国计量出版社,2009
[42]崔岩梅,周自力,激光测距机的现场校准,光电子·激光,2001,12(9):946~948
[43]马建敏,手持激光测距仪检定方法研究,上海计量测试,2003,30(2):9~13
[44]刘文涛,李景文,孙志慧,太赫兹时域光谱技术及激光雷达光谱探测误差分析与实验验证,光谱学与光谱分析,2010,3(10):577~581