L波段收发信机的研究
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摘要
本文根据课题指标提出了L波段收发信机的设计方案,完成了中心频率为1GHz、带宽为85MHz信号的接收和发射,并根据系统功能要求为毫米波收发信机提供9GHz的本振信号。为滤除杂波,设计了一个发夹型带通滤波器,其中心频率为8.9GHz,带宽为380MHz,在8GHz和10GHz处的抑制大于40dBc。在正交解调芯片的基带滤波器设计中,采用将滤波器的地设置为电平为1V的“浮地”,即将系统地和滤波器的地分离的方法,减小了地噪声的干扰。
本文将该收发信机分为三个部分加以研究,主要包括:本振部分、发射上变频部分和接收部分。在本振部分,采用锁相环加倍频链的方式获得所需要的9GHz本振信号,功率为18.85dBm,相位噪声为-72.58dBc/Hz@1kHz,-79.29dBc/Hz@10kHz。发射上变频部分根据指标要求选择合适的芯片,产生发射中心频率为1GHz,带宽为85MHz的信号,其电平为-2dBm。接收部分采用两级放大器级联、零中频接收、自动增益控制的结构,实现了最大接收增益51dB,AGC动态范围＞45dB,信号I/Q解调的性能。
测试完成后,对测试中发现的问题进行了分析,同时给出了一些改进措施及设计中需要注意的问题,为以后的设计制作提供一些可借鉴的经验。
According to the target, we present a design scheme which achieves transmission and receiving signal of center frequency 1GHz, band width 85MHz and the local oscillation signal of 9GHz. In order to filter other spur, we design a hairpin band-pass filter, which has the center frequency of 8.9 GHz, the band width of 380 MHz and rejection greater than 40 dBc at 8 GHz and 10 GHz. In the Quadrature demodulator chip, we set the base-band filter's "floating" ground to 1 V to reduce the noise.
The transceiver comprises three parts: local oscillation circuit, transmitting circuit and receiving circuit. In the local oscillation circuit, we use phase-locked loop and frequency multiplication chain to generate the 9GHz local oscillation signal with power of 18.85dBm and phase noise of -72.58dBc/Hz@1kHz, -79.29dBc/Hz@10kHz. In the transmitting circuit, we choose the appropriate chip to realize transmitting signal of center frequency 1GHz, band width 85MHz and power of -2dBm. In order to reach the design requirements, there are the two-cascade amplifying technologies, zero-if receiver and automatic gain controls in receiving circuit. This study realize the maximum receive gain of 51dB, most greatly dynamic range >45dB and the signal I/Q demodulation.
The transceiver has been measured and some improving advice is presented based on experiment. All of these can provide important experience for later research on this area.
本文将该收发信机分为三个部分加以研究,主要包括:本振部分、发射上变频部分和接收部分。在本振部分,采用锁相环加倍频链的方式获得所需要的9GHz本振信号,功率为18.85dBm,相位噪声为-72.58dBc/Hz@1kHz,-79.29dBc/Hz@10kHz。发射上变频部分根据指标要求选择合适的芯片,产生发射中心频率为1GHz,带宽为85MHz的信号,其电平为-2dBm。接收部分采用两级放大器级联、零中频接收、自动增益控制的结构,实现了最大接收增益51dB,AGC动态范围＞45dB,信号I/Q解调的性能。
测试完成后,对测试中发现的问题进行了分析,同时给出了一些改进措施及设计中需要注意的问题,为以后的设计制作提供一些可借鉴的经验。
According to the target, we present a design scheme which achieves transmission and receiving signal of center frequency 1GHz, band width 85MHz and the local oscillation signal of 9GHz. In order to filter other spur, we design a hairpin band-pass filter, which has the center frequency of 8.9 GHz, the band width of 380 MHz and rejection greater than 40 dBc at 8 GHz and 10 GHz. In the Quadrature demodulator chip, we set the base-band filter's "floating" ground to 1 V to reduce the noise.
The transceiver comprises three parts: local oscillation circuit, transmitting circuit and receiving circuit. In the local oscillation circuit, we use phase-locked loop and frequency multiplication chain to generate the 9GHz local oscillation signal with power of 18.85dBm and phase noise of -72.58dBc/Hz@1kHz, -79.29dBc/Hz@10kHz. In the transmitting circuit, we choose the appropriate chip to realize transmitting signal of center frequency 1GHz, band width 85MHz and power of -2dBm. In order to reach the design requirements, there are the two-cascade amplifying technologies, zero-if receiver and automatic gain controls in receiving circuit. This study realize the maximum receive gain of 51dB, most greatly dynamic range >45dB and the signal I/Q demodulation.
The transceiver has been measured and some improving advice is presented based on experiment. All of these can provide important experience for later research on this area.
引文
[1]董金明.微波技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2003,1-5
[2]薛良金.毫米波工程基础.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2003,10-20
[3]A.J.Leeuwenburgh,J.W.F.ter Laak,A.G Mulders,et al.1.9GHz Fully Integrated CMOS DECT Transceiver.Solid-State Circuits Conference,2003,1(1):450-456
[4]Yo-Shen Lin,Ko-Mai Li,Chun Hsiung Chen.Design of an LTCC Tri-Band Transceiver Module for GPRS Mobile Applications.IEEE Transctions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,2004,52(12):2718-2724
[5]Pete Sivonen,Jussi Tervaluoto,Niko Mikkola,et al.A 1.2-V RF Front-End With On-Chip VCO for PCS 1900 Direct Conversion Receiver in 0.13-μm CMOS.IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,2006,41(2):384-394
[6]陈邦嫒.射频通信电路.北京:科学出版社,2004,135-150
[7]齐国华.X波段T/R组件.固体电子学研究与进展,2000,01:59-60
[8]吴群.单片微波集成电路技术的军事应用.硕士生微波学科前沿动态系列讲座介绍.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2003
[9]李桂萍.相控阵雷达-毫米波T/R组件研究:[博士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2004
[10]≤中国集成电路大全≥编委会.中国集成电路大全-微波集成电路.北京:国防工业出版社,1995
[11]David M Pozar.Microwave and RF Wireless Systems Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts at Amherst,2000
[12]钱可伟.X波段微波接受前端的设计与调试:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2006
[13]张宝红.无线电接收机发展动态.科技情报开发与经济,2002,06:104-106
[14]杨陈庆.专用短波射频接收机的研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2005
[15]WJ Communications Inc.High Dynamic Range Receiver Parameters Tech-note.2001
[16]WJ Communications Inc.Receiver Dynamic Range:Part 1 &2 Tech-note.2001
[17]张玉兴.射频模拟电路.成都:电子科技大学出版,2000,105-110
[18]黄香馥.微波固态电路.成都:电子科技大学出版,1990,89-100
[19]肖志敏.2-30MHz短波电台-射频前端研制:[硕士学位论文].成都 电子科技大学,2003
[20]George W.Stimson[美]机载雷达导论,吴汉平等译.北京:电子工业出版社,2005,782-793
[21]万心平.锁相技术.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1995,30-153
[22]Guillermo Gonzalez,Microwave Transistor Amplifier Analysis and Design.Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Pretice-Hall,1984:91-144
[23]Razavi.B,RF CMOS transceivers for cellular telephony.IEEE Communications Magazine August 2003,41(1):144-149
[24]Ulrich L.Rohode,Microwave and wireless synthesizers,John Wiley & Sons,Inc,1997.76-90
[25]Dean Banerjee,PLL Performance Simulation and Design,2003.50-80
[26]Ingram,Chen,Stones,etal.Compact W-band solid-state MMIC high power sources,IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest,2000,2(2):955-958
[27]Funabashi,M.,Inoue,Ohata,K.,etal.A 60 GHz MMIC stabilized frequency source composed of a 30 GHz DRO and a doubler,Microwave Symposium Digest,1995,IEEE MTT-S International.1995,31(1):71-74
[28]詹铭周.W波段锁相倍频源技术研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2007
[29]费元春.宽带雷达信号产生技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2005,101-145
[30]恽小华.现代频率合成技术综述.电子学报,1995,23(10):148-151
[31]David Brandon,DDS design,2004,59-90
[32]Analog Device Inc,A Technical Tutorial on Digital Signal Synthesis,1999,27-36
[33]姚鸿飞.全相参毫米波频综组件集成技术研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2006
[34]Integrated Synthesizer and VCO ADF4360-1,Analog Devices
[35]50MHz to 1000MHz Quadrature Demodulator AD8347,Analog Devices
[36]Microchip Corporation PIC16F627A/628A/648A.Technical Data Sheet
[37]顾海洲.PCB电磁兼容技术-设计实践.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[38]尹建.PCB的电磁兼容性研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2006
[39]姚亮.S波段射频接收前端的研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2006
[40]蔺云.阶跃阻抗滤波器(SIR)研究与设计:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2007
[41]毛睿杰,唐小宏,马海虹.基于HFSS设计发夹形SIR带通滤波器.哈尔滨:第6届全国毫米波亚毫米波学术会议论文集,2006
[42]Kenneth V.Puglia Phase Noise Analysis of Component Cascades IEEE microwave magazine Dec.2002,41(2):384-394
[43]白永杰.Ka波段相参收发前端技术研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2006
[44]皱涌泉.Ka波段混合集成前端.红外与毫米波学报,2002,21(6):477-480
[2]薛良金.毫米波工程基础.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2003,10-20
[3]A.J.Leeuwenburgh,J.W.F.ter Laak,A.G Mulders,et al.1.9GHz Fully Integrated CMOS DECT Transceiver.Solid-State Circuits Conference,2003,1(1):450-456
[4]Yo-Shen Lin,Ko-Mai Li,Chun Hsiung Chen.Design of an LTCC Tri-Band Transceiver Module for GPRS Mobile Applications.IEEE Transctions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,2004,52(12):2718-2724
[5]Pete Sivonen,Jussi Tervaluoto,Niko Mikkola,et al.A 1.2-V RF Front-End With On-Chip VCO for PCS 1900 Direct Conversion Receiver in 0.13-μm CMOS.IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,2006,41(2):384-394
[6]陈邦嫒.射频通信电路.北京:科学出版社,2004,135-150
[7]齐国华.X波段T/R组件.固体电子学研究与进展,2000,01:59-60
[8]吴群.单片微波集成电路技术的军事应用.硕士生微波学科前沿动态系列讲座介绍.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2003
[9]李桂萍.相控阵雷达-毫米波T/R组件研究:[博士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2004
[10]≤中国集成电路大全≥编委会.中国集成电路大全-微波集成电路.北京:国防工业出版社,1995
[11]David M Pozar.Microwave and RF Wireless Systems Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts at Amherst,2000
[12]钱可伟.X波段微波接受前端的设计与调试:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2006
[13]张宝红.无线电接收机发展动态.科技情报开发与经济,2002,06:104-106
[14]杨陈庆.专用短波射频接收机的研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2005
[15]WJ Communications Inc.High Dynamic Range Receiver Parameters Tech-note.2001
[16]WJ Communications Inc.Receiver Dynamic Range:Part 1 &2 Tech-note.2001
[17]张玉兴.射频模拟电路.成都:电子科技大学出版,2000,105-110
[18]黄香馥.微波固态电路.成都:电子科技大学出版,1990,89-100
[19]肖志敏.2-30MHz短波电台-射频前端研制:[硕士学位论文].成都 电子科技大学,2003
[20]George W.Stimson[美]机载雷达导论,吴汉平等译.北京:电子工业出版社,2005,782-793
[21]万心平.锁相技术.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1995,30-153
[22]Guillermo Gonzalez,Microwave Transistor Amplifier Analysis and Design.Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Pretice-Hall,1984:91-144
[23]Razavi.B,RF CMOS transceivers for cellular telephony.IEEE Communications Magazine August 2003,41(1):144-149
[24]Ulrich L.Rohode,Microwave and wireless synthesizers,John Wiley & Sons,Inc,1997.76-90
[25]Dean Banerjee,PLL Performance Simulation and Design,2003.50-80
[26]Ingram,Chen,Stones,etal.Compact W-band solid-state MMIC high power sources,IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest,2000,2(2):955-958
[27]Funabashi,M.,Inoue,Ohata,K.,etal.A 60 GHz MMIC stabilized frequency source composed of a 30 GHz DRO and a doubler,Microwave Symposium Digest,1995,IEEE MTT-S International.1995,31(1):71-74
[28]詹铭周.W波段锁相倍频源技术研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2007
[29]费元春.宽带雷达信号产生技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2005,101-145
[30]恽小华.现代频率合成技术综述.电子学报,1995,23(10):148-151
[31]David Brandon,DDS design,2004,59-90
[32]Analog Device Inc,A Technical Tutorial on Digital Signal Synthesis,1999,27-36
[33]姚鸿飞.全相参毫米波频综组件集成技术研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2006
[34]Integrated Synthesizer and VCO ADF4360-1,Analog Devices
[35]50MHz to 1000MHz Quadrature Demodulator AD8347,Analog Devices
[36]Microchip Corporation PIC16F627A/628A/648A.Technical Data Sheet
[37]顾海洲.PCB电磁兼容技术-设计实践.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[38]尹建.PCB的电磁兼容性研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2006
[39]姚亮.S波段射频接收前端的研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2006
[40]蔺云.阶跃阻抗滤波器(SIR)研究与设计:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2007
[41]毛睿杰,唐小宏,马海虹.基于HFSS设计发夹形SIR带通滤波器.哈尔滨:第6届全国毫米波亚毫米波学术会议论文集,2006
[42]Kenneth V.Puglia Phase Noise Analysis of Component Cascades IEEE microwave magazine Dec.2002,41(2):384-394
[43]白永杰.Ka波段相参收发前端技术研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2006
[44]皱涌泉.Ka波段混合集成前端.红外与毫米波学报,2002,21(6):477-480