基于TCP的支持多格式实时编码的流媒体直播系统设计与实现
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摘要
随着多媒体技术的发展和宽带网络的普及,IPTV系统在国内已经得到越来越广泛的应用,直播系统作为其中的一个子系统虽然满足用户的需求可以进行时移操作,由于IPTV一般都部署在高带宽的局域网中,因此可以保证提供给用户的都是高码率的影片,然后对于ADSL等广域网宽带用户由于网络带宽的限制无法接受高码率的影片内容,所以有必要在高码率的媒体文件基础上进行实时的编码从而降低码率以适应广域网上的网络传输,对于大部分的pc用户来说,能够支持时移的直播系统几乎没有。另一方面,广域网高误码率、低带宽、传输抖动剧烈和带宽不稳定等因素,对实时流媒体应用构成了挑战。本文开始概括流媒体技术和交互式电视的发展及其现状,介绍本文相关的流媒体技术背景知识,并且阐述系统设计和实现的意义。然后根据现有流媒体直播系统中存在的主要问题,并在此基础上提出支持时移功能和多种编码格式的流媒体直播系统的一种实现模式,同时就其中几点关键实现进行详细说明。接着对直播系统以及点播系统的流化模块给出了设计方案,直播服务器通过采用DirectShow技术对MPEG-2TS流实现实时数据编码及传输,点播服务器则通过对通过MP4容器封装的媒体文件采用一种特殊的文件格式来进行存储从而提高服务器读取文件的效率。最后通过搭建了一套测试环境给出系统性能方面的测试结果和分析。最后,本论文还就未来相关工作做了简要论述。
Due to bandwidth, delay, and loss requirements, transmission of real-time video over Internet still poses more challenges. In this paper, we proposed a live video streaming server system with centralized-distributed architecture and adopting TCP transmission mode. On the other hand, the dynamic fluctuated bandwidth, higher error rate and sharp delay jitter on wide area network cause trouble to the real-time demand of streaming services. Live streaming service and VOD service are two kinds of most popular streaming media services. This essay is also made up with the two sections, which discuss the development of live streaming service and VOD service separately. Besides, this paper also proposes a novel algorithm to do the buffer control. At last, the testing result shows that it has reasonable scalability, high concurrent service power and reliable transmit quality.
Due to bandwidth, delay, and loss requirements, transmission of real-time video over Internet still poses more challenges. In this paper, we proposed a live video streaming server system with centralized-distributed architecture and adopting TCP transmission mode. On the other hand, the dynamic fluctuated bandwidth, higher error rate and sharp delay jitter on wide area network cause trouble to the real-time demand of streaming services. Live streaming service and VOD service are two kinds of most popular streaming media services. This essay is also made up with the two sections, which discuss the development of live streaming service and VOD service separately. Besides, this paper also proposes a novel algorithm to do the buffer control. At last, the testing result shows that it has reasonable scalability, high concurrent service power and reliable transmit quality.
引文
[1]叶德建,基于速率平滑和缓冲区控制的主从式可扩展跨平台多请求流媒体服务器[简称:ClearServerV1.0][P],中国专利:SR9346,2003.
[2]钟玉琢,向哲,沈洪.流媒体和视频服务器[M].清华大学出版社,2003:1-82.
[3]钟玉琢.多媒体技术[M].清华大学出版社,1999:610-636.
[4]钟玉琢.MPEG-2运动图像压缩编码国际标准及MPEG的新进展[M].清华大学出版社,2002:20-205.
[5]Wenze Hu,Qiufeng Wu,"Server-based Admission Control for VBR Stored Video over 3G Downlink Channel[A]",SUBMITTED TO IWQOS 04.
[6]"Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services[S]",ITU-T RECOMMENDATION H.264
[7]S.Wenger,M.M.Hannuksela,T.Stockhammer,M.Westerlund,D.Singer,draft-ietf-avt-rtp-h264-09[S],Network Working Group.
[8]陆其明,DirectShow开发指南[M],清华大学出版社,2003年12月。
[9]刘敏、曾明,NAT技术的分类及识别策略[J],计算机工程与应用,2002年38卷20期,172-173。
[10]董科军、阎保平,流媒体传输的质量控制技术研究[J],微电子学与计算机,2003年第5期,71-75。
[11]Benjamin Alfonsi.I Want My IPTV:Internet Protocol Television Predicted a Winner[J].IEEE Distributed Systems Online.2005.Vol.6,No.2.
[12]Carolyn Wales,Sukun Kim,David Leuenberger,William Watts,Ori Weinroth.IPTV-The revolution is here.http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/～binetude/course/eng298a_2/IPTV.pdf
[13]Dejian Ye,Barker,J.C.,Zixiang Xiong,Wenwu Zhu.Wavelet-based VBR video traffic smoothing[J].IEEE Transactions on Multimedia.2004.Vol.6,Issue 4:611-623.
[14]Xu Liangji,Ye Dejian.The design of live(time-shift) streaming system [J].Journal of Image and Graphics,2006,Vol.11,No.11:1516-1519.
[15]Huang Cheng,Zhu Chenjie,Li Yi,Ye Dejian.Dedicated Disk I/O Strategies for IPTV Live Streaming Servers[R].Shanghai:Multimedia & Networking Lab,Software School,Fudan University.2006.1-26.
[16] Huang Cheng, Ye Dejian. Multi-file-format-supported VOD Server with Large Concurrency Based on Internal File Format [R]. Shanghai : Multimedia & Networking Lab, Software School, Fudan University. 2006. 1-15.
[17] Hector Garcia-Molina, Jeffrey D. Ullman and Jennifer Widom. Database System Implementation [M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2001. 15-60.
[18] Muthian Sivathanu, Venkateshwaran V. Block asynchronous I/O: A flexible infrastructure for user-level filesystems. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on High Performance Computing [C]. Hyderabad, India, 2001.
[19] Suparna Bhattacharya, Steven Pratt, Badari Pulavarty, J.M.. Asynchronous I/O support in Linux 2.5 [A]. In: Proceedings of the Linux Symposium [C]. Canada: IBM Linux Technology Center, 2003. 371-386.
[20] W Richard Stevens. Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment [M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2002.
[21] Yong Woon Park, Jong Hyun Kim, Ki Dong Chung. Frequency-based selective caching strategy in a continuous media server [A]. In: 7th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems [C]. Iwate, Japan, 2000.
[22] Zhu Chenjie, Li Yi. Cache management strategy for live streaming servers supporting timeshift functions [R]. Shanghai : Multimedia & Networking Lab, Software School, Fudan University. 2006. 1-20.
[23] Uresh Vahalia. UNIX Internals: The New Frontiers [M]. Beijing: Posts and Communications Press, 2003. 220-547.
[24] Z.D. Wu. Design and analysis of video-on-demand servers[A]. In: IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference [C]. 1998. Vol.2: 773-778.
[25] Songan Yang, Hua Yang, Yuhan Yang. Architecture of high capacity VOD server and the implementation of its prototype [J]. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics. 2003, Vol.49, No. 4: 1169-1177.
[26] Apple Inc. Streaming Server [R]. http://developer.apple.com/opensource/ server/streaming/
[27] RFC 2327: SDP: Session Description Protocol [S]. IETF, 1998.
[2]钟玉琢,向哲,沈洪.流媒体和视频服务器[M].清华大学出版社,2003:1-82.
[3]钟玉琢.多媒体技术[M].清华大学出版社,1999:610-636.
[4]钟玉琢.MPEG-2运动图像压缩编码国际标准及MPEG的新进展[M].清华大学出版社,2002:20-205.
[5]Wenze Hu,Qiufeng Wu,"Server-based Admission Control for VBR Stored Video over 3G Downlink Channel[A]",SUBMITTED TO IWQOS 04.
[6]"Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services[S]",ITU-T RECOMMENDATION H.264
[7]S.Wenger,M.M.Hannuksela,T.Stockhammer,M.Westerlund,D.Singer,draft-ietf-avt-rtp-h264-09[S],Network Working Group.
[8]陆其明,DirectShow开发指南[M],清华大学出版社,2003年12月。
[9]刘敏、曾明,NAT技术的分类及识别策略[J],计算机工程与应用,2002年38卷20期,172-173。
[10]董科军、阎保平,流媒体传输的质量控制技术研究[J],微电子学与计算机,2003年第5期,71-75。
[11]Benjamin Alfonsi.I Want My IPTV:Internet Protocol Television Predicted a Winner[J].IEEE Distributed Systems Online.2005.Vol.6,No.2.
[12]Carolyn Wales,Sukun Kim,David Leuenberger,William Watts,Ori Weinroth.IPTV-The revolution is here.http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/～binetude/course/eng298a_2/IPTV.pdf
[13]Dejian Ye,Barker,J.C.,Zixiang Xiong,Wenwu Zhu.Wavelet-based VBR video traffic smoothing[J].IEEE Transactions on Multimedia.2004.Vol.6,Issue 4:611-623.
[14]Xu Liangji,Ye Dejian.The design of live(time-shift) streaming system [J].Journal of Image and Graphics,2006,Vol.11,No.11:1516-1519.
[15]Huang Cheng,Zhu Chenjie,Li Yi,Ye Dejian.Dedicated Disk I/O Strategies for IPTV Live Streaming Servers[R].Shanghai:Multimedia & Networking Lab,Software School,Fudan University.2006.1-26.
[16] Huang Cheng, Ye Dejian. Multi-file-format-supported VOD Server with Large Concurrency Based on Internal File Format [R]. Shanghai : Multimedia & Networking Lab, Software School, Fudan University. 2006. 1-15.
[17] Hector Garcia-Molina, Jeffrey D. Ullman and Jennifer Widom. Database System Implementation [M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2001. 15-60.
[18] Muthian Sivathanu, Venkateshwaran V. Block asynchronous I/O: A flexible infrastructure for user-level filesystems. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on High Performance Computing [C]. Hyderabad, India, 2001.
[19] Suparna Bhattacharya, Steven Pratt, Badari Pulavarty, J.M.. Asynchronous I/O support in Linux 2.5 [A]. In: Proceedings of the Linux Symposium [C]. Canada: IBM Linux Technology Center, 2003. 371-386.
[20] W Richard Stevens. Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment [M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2002.
[21] Yong Woon Park, Jong Hyun Kim, Ki Dong Chung. Frequency-based selective caching strategy in a continuous media server [A]. In: 7th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems [C]. Iwate, Japan, 2000.
[22] Zhu Chenjie, Li Yi. Cache management strategy for live streaming servers supporting timeshift functions [R]. Shanghai : Multimedia & Networking Lab, Software School, Fudan University. 2006. 1-20.
[23] Uresh Vahalia. UNIX Internals: The New Frontiers [M]. Beijing: Posts and Communications Press, 2003. 220-547.
[24] Z.D. Wu. Design and analysis of video-on-demand servers[A]. In: IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference [C]. 1998. Vol.2: 773-778.
[25] Songan Yang, Hua Yang, Yuhan Yang. Architecture of high capacity VOD server and the implementation of its prototype [J]. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics. 2003, Vol.49, No. 4: 1169-1177.
[26] Apple Inc. Streaming Server [R]. http://developer.apple.com/opensource/ server/streaming/
[27] RFC 2327: SDP: Session Description Protocol [S]. IETF, 1998.