MIMO双基地雷达目标参数测量方法研究
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摘要
MIMO双基地雷达是近年来提出来的一个新概念,对其理论和技术的研究已成为雷达领域的热点课题之一。由于结合了MIMO技术和双基地雷达的特点,MIMO双基地雷达具有反侦察、抗干扰、反隐身、对抗反辐射导弹的潜在优势,在未来雷达中具有广阔的应用前景。本文围绕MIMO双基地雷达中的目标参数测量理论和若干关键问题展开了深入研究,主要研究内容及成果如下：
1、针对发射分集平滑算法存在的问题,提出了基于虚阵的双重平滑相参多目标估计算法。该算法首先对虚子阵进行平滑处理,然后在虚子阵之间进行平滑处理,最后通过特征值方法估计多个目标的方向。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法可进一步提高多目标角度估计的精度和分辨力,同时可估计更多的信源数。
2、建立了MIMO双基地雷达多目标信号处理模型,提出了一种相干多目标角度-多普勒频率联合估计算法。该算法首先对MIMO接收机输出的虚拟阵列多目标回波数据进行解相干处理,然后基于传播算子构造特殊矩阵,通过特征参数与待测参数之间的对应关系,实现了多目标发射角、接收角和双基多普勒频率的联合估计。该算法不涉及多维非线性谱峰搜索,只需一次特征值分解,且估计出的参数可自动配对。仿真结果表明了所提出算法的正确性和有效性。
3、为了估计多目标空间角度,建立了L型MIMO双基地雷达的信号模型,提出了一种L型阵列配置MIMO双基地雷达空间多目标定位方法。该方法利用L型接收阵列所包含的相对发射阵和接收阵的目标四维角度信息,先对接收信号进行解相干处理,然后根据DOA矩阵法的思想构造估计矩阵,通过特征参数与待估参数之间特定关系,导出了多目标四维角度联合估计算法公式,进而实现双基地雷达的空间多目标定位。该算法不涉及多维非线性谱峰搜索,计算量较小,且估计出的参数可自动配对。仿真结果表明了该算法的正确性和可行性。
4、为了在没有同步信息情况下测量目标的距离、角度、多普勒频率,提出了一种基于LFM信号的MIMO双基地雷达的参数测量新方法。通过对正、负斜率LFM回波信号脉压后的峰值差实现多普勒频率的估计,通过目标反射的MIMO角度信息实现发射角和接收角的估计。目标位置通过所估计发射角、接收角和时延差得到。计算机仿真结果验证了所提出新算法的正确性和有效性。从便于工程应用角度出发,又提出一种单发射天线MIMO双基地雷达目标参数测量新方法。该方法在已知基线距离的条件下,收发之间无需进行时间、角度和频率同步,便可测得目标的全部参数。
5、建立了发射-接收信号模型,推导了发射-接收等效方向图的表达式,给出了发射信号集的约束条件和信号集实例,提出SEA-MPPSO优化新算法并对发射-接收等效方向图进行赋形设计。仿真表明,采用该方法可以得到所需要的发射-接收等效波束形状。
6、为了提高MIMO双基地雷达抗干扰能力,提出了MIMO最大信干噪比准则(MIMO-MSINR)、MMO最小均方误差准则(MIMO-MMSE)、MIMO阵列最小方差无畸变响应准则(MIMO-MVDR)下的MIMO双基地自适应波束形成算法。推导了三种算法公式,给出了算法步骤。仿真结果表明：MIMO双基地雷达自适应波束形成算法可有效地形成干扰零陷,系统抗干扰性能得到显著的改善。
MIMO bistatic radar is a new conception in recent years, and the research for its theory and technique has become one of hot problem in the domain of radar. Since it has both characteristics of MIMO technique and the bistatic radar, the MIMO bistatic radar is provided with the potential ability of the anti-reconnaissance,anti-jamming, anti-stealth and anti-radiation attack, and can be widely found application in the future radar. This dissertation is devoted to do researching in-depth on the target measurement theory and several key techniques in MIMO bistatic radar. The main contributions can be summarized as follows.
1、In order to solve the problem in the algorithm of transmission diversity smoothing (TDS), an algorithm of virtual subarrays dual smoothing (VSDS) is proposed. First the smoothing processing of the echo signals in the virtual subarrays is carried out, then the smoothing processing between the virtual subarrays is done, finally the multitarget directions are estimated by the eigenstructure-based methods. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the performance of the proposed method is better than the TDS algorithm, and its maximum estimated targets can break through the limitation of the number of transmitters.
2、A multitargets signal model of MIMO bistatic radar is set up and a joint angles-Doppler frequencies estimation algorithm for multitargets is proposed. In the algorithm, the virtual array data of multitarget echoes in MIMO receivers are firstly decorrelated, and a special matrix based on the propagation operator is then constructed, finally the joint estimation of the DODs, DOAs and Doppler frequencies can be obtained by the corresponding relationships between the eigenvalues or eigenvectors and the estimated parameters. The proposed algorithm does not need the multi-dimensional nonlinear peak search, and do only an eigenvalue decomposition, and the estimated parameters of the targets can be paired automatically. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified with the computer simulation.
3、In order to estimation the multitargets in space, the signal model for L shaped MIMO bistatic radar is set up and a novel method of multitarget localization in L shaped MIMO bistatic radar is proposed. Based on four angles information involved in L shaped receiving array from target to transmiter and receiver, the joint estimation algorithm for four angles of multitarget can be obtained by the following steps: decorrelating the array data of received echoes first, then constructing estimation matrix based on the DOA matrix method, finally using the given relationship between the eigenvalue and the estimated parameters. As a result, the multitarget localization in three dimensions is achieved in the bistatic radar. The proposed algorithm does not refer to multi-dimensional nonlinear peak search, and need only once eigenvalue decomposition, so that the computed load of the algorithm is low, and the estimated parameters of the targets can be paired automatically. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified with the computer simulation.
4、In order to measure the range, angle, and Doppler frequency of the target without any synchronization in the bistatic radar, a novel complete parameter estimation method based on separability of a pair of LFM signal is presented. The Doppler frequency is measured by the time difference between two peak positions corresponding to the positive and the negative LFM return signal respectively. DODs and DOAs of the target are estimated by the information involved in the returned MIMO signals. The target position can be located in the presence of the estimated DODs, DOAs and the signal delay difference between the echo and the directive wave signal in MIMO bistatic radar. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by the computer simulation. In order to implement in engineering, a novel complete parameter estimation method with single transmitting antenna for bstatic radar is presented. With this method the target parameters can be measured without any time, angle and frequency synchronization between transmitter and receiver.
5、The transmitting-receiving signal model is set up and the expression of transmitting-receiving equivalent pattern has been derived. The restriction of set of transmitting signal and an example are presented. A method with SEA-MPPSO algorithm to designe the transmitting-receiving equivalent pattern has been proposed. The computer simulation results testify the validity of the method.
6、In order to increase the anti-jamming ability of MIMO bistatic radar, the adaptive algorithms for beamforming with criterion of MIMO maximum signal to interference and noise ratio (MIMO-MSINR), MIMO minimum mean square error (MIMO-MMSE)、MIMO minimum variance distortionless response (MIMO-MVDR) have been presented. The formula of three algorithms are derived and the steps are also presented. The simulation results show that the jamming gap in the pattern can be effectively formed and the anti-jamming ablility evidently improved by the proposed algorithms.
1、针对发射分集平滑算法存在的问题,提出了基于虚阵的双重平滑相参多目标估计算法。该算法首先对虚子阵进行平滑处理,然后在虚子阵之间进行平滑处理,最后通过特征值方法估计多个目标的方向。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法可进一步提高多目标角度估计的精度和分辨力,同时可估计更多的信源数。
2、建立了MIMO双基地雷达多目标信号处理模型,提出了一种相干多目标角度-多普勒频率联合估计算法。该算法首先对MIMO接收机输出的虚拟阵列多目标回波数据进行解相干处理,然后基于传播算子构造特殊矩阵,通过特征参数与待测参数之间的对应关系,实现了多目标发射角、接收角和双基多普勒频率的联合估计。该算法不涉及多维非线性谱峰搜索,只需一次特征值分解,且估计出的参数可自动配对。仿真结果表明了所提出算法的正确性和有效性。
3、为了估计多目标空间角度,建立了L型MIMO双基地雷达的信号模型,提出了一种L型阵列配置MIMO双基地雷达空间多目标定位方法。该方法利用L型接收阵列所包含的相对发射阵和接收阵的目标四维角度信息,先对接收信号进行解相干处理,然后根据DOA矩阵法的思想构造估计矩阵,通过特征参数与待估参数之间特定关系,导出了多目标四维角度联合估计算法公式,进而实现双基地雷达的空间多目标定位。该算法不涉及多维非线性谱峰搜索,计算量较小,且估计出的参数可自动配对。仿真结果表明了该算法的正确性和可行性。
4、为了在没有同步信息情况下测量目标的距离、角度、多普勒频率,提出了一种基于LFM信号的MIMO双基地雷达的参数测量新方法。通过对正、负斜率LFM回波信号脉压后的峰值差实现多普勒频率的估计,通过目标反射的MIMO角度信息实现发射角和接收角的估计。目标位置通过所估计发射角、接收角和时延差得到。计算机仿真结果验证了所提出新算法的正确性和有效性。从便于工程应用角度出发,又提出一种单发射天线MIMO双基地雷达目标参数测量新方法。该方法在已知基线距离的条件下,收发之间无需进行时间、角度和频率同步,便可测得目标的全部参数。
5、建立了发射-接收信号模型,推导了发射-接收等效方向图的表达式,给出了发射信号集的约束条件和信号集实例,提出SEA-MPPSO优化新算法并对发射-接收等效方向图进行赋形设计。仿真表明,采用该方法可以得到所需要的发射-接收等效波束形状。
6、为了提高MIMO双基地雷达抗干扰能力,提出了MIMO最大信干噪比准则(MIMO-MSINR)、MMO最小均方误差准则(MIMO-MMSE)、MIMO阵列最小方差无畸变响应准则(MIMO-MVDR)下的MIMO双基地自适应波束形成算法。推导了三种算法公式,给出了算法步骤。仿真结果表明：MIMO双基地雷达自适应波束形成算法可有效地形成干扰零陷,系统抗干扰性能得到显著的改善。
MIMO bistatic radar is a new conception in recent years, and the research for its theory and technique has become one of hot problem in the domain of radar. Since it has both characteristics of MIMO technique and the bistatic radar, the MIMO bistatic radar is provided with the potential ability of the anti-reconnaissance,anti-jamming, anti-stealth and anti-radiation attack, and can be widely found application in the future radar. This dissertation is devoted to do researching in-depth on the target measurement theory and several key techniques in MIMO bistatic radar. The main contributions can be summarized as follows.
1、In order to solve the problem in the algorithm of transmission diversity smoothing (TDS), an algorithm of virtual subarrays dual smoothing (VSDS) is proposed. First the smoothing processing of the echo signals in the virtual subarrays is carried out, then the smoothing processing between the virtual subarrays is done, finally the multitarget directions are estimated by the eigenstructure-based methods. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the performance of the proposed method is better than the TDS algorithm, and its maximum estimated targets can break through the limitation of the number of transmitters.
2、A multitargets signal model of MIMO bistatic radar is set up and a joint angles-Doppler frequencies estimation algorithm for multitargets is proposed. In the algorithm, the virtual array data of multitarget echoes in MIMO receivers are firstly decorrelated, and a special matrix based on the propagation operator is then constructed, finally the joint estimation of the DODs, DOAs and Doppler frequencies can be obtained by the corresponding relationships between the eigenvalues or eigenvectors and the estimated parameters. The proposed algorithm does not need the multi-dimensional nonlinear peak search, and do only an eigenvalue decomposition, and the estimated parameters of the targets can be paired automatically. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified with the computer simulation.
3、In order to estimation the multitargets in space, the signal model for L shaped MIMO bistatic radar is set up and a novel method of multitarget localization in L shaped MIMO bistatic radar is proposed. Based on four angles information involved in L shaped receiving array from target to transmiter and receiver, the joint estimation algorithm for four angles of multitarget can be obtained by the following steps: decorrelating the array data of received echoes first, then constructing estimation matrix based on the DOA matrix method, finally using the given relationship between the eigenvalue and the estimated parameters. As a result, the multitarget localization in three dimensions is achieved in the bistatic radar. The proposed algorithm does not refer to multi-dimensional nonlinear peak search, and need only once eigenvalue decomposition, so that the computed load of the algorithm is low, and the estimated parameters of the targets can be paired automatically. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified with the computer simulation.
4、In order to measure the range, angle, and Doppler frequency of the target without any synchronization in the bistatic radar, a novel complete parameter estimation method based on separability of a pair of LFM signal is presented. The Doppler frequency is measured by the time difference between two peak positions corresponding to the positive and the negative LFM return signal respectively. DODs and DOAs of the target are estimated by the information involved in the returned MIMO signals. The target position can be located in the presence of the estimated DODs, DOAs and the signal delay difference between the echo and the directive wave signal in MIMO bistatic radar. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by the computer simulation. In order to implement in engineering, a novel complete parameter estimation method with single transmitting antenna for bstatic radar is presented. With this method the target parameters can be measured without any time, angle and frequency synchronization between transmitter and receiver.
5、The transmitting-receiving signal model is set up and the expression of transmitting-receiving equivalent pattern has been derived. The restriction of set of transmitting signal and an example are presented. A method with SEA-MPPSO algorithm to designe the transmitting-receiving equivalent pattern has been proposed. The computer simulation results testify the validity of the method.
6、In order to increase the anti-jamming ability of MIMO bistatic radar, the adaptive algorithms for beamforming with criterion of MIMO maximum signal to interference and noise ratio (MIMO-MSINR), MIMO minimum mean square error (MIMO-MMSE)、MIMO minimum variance distortionless response (MIMO-MVDR) have been presented. The formula of three algorithms are derived and the steps are also presented. The simulation results show that the jamming gap in the pattern can be effectively formed and the anti-jamming ablility evidently improved by the proposed algorithms.
引文
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