带预紧硅泡沫垫层结构的减振系统分析
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摘要
工程中某些部(构)件出于特殊的设计需要,采用预紧接触式垫层结构。该种结构通过外层壳体(如圆柱壳)对壳体与部(构)件之间所填充的衬垫材料——垫层施加预紧力来实现对部(构)件的装配,垫层和部(构)件都依靠外层壳体施加在垫层材料的预紧力(法向力)和摩擦力(切向力)保持稳定,因此,该种结构是彼此接触的多个变形体的软连接结构。
结构在工作环境中,外层壳体受到动态的外加激励,作为结构系统动力学响应的一部分,内层部(构)件和垫层之间、垫层和外层壳体之间的接触状态在不断改变。预紧接触式垫层结构在正常工作环境下垫层要求总处于受压状态,并且这种受压状态应该不低于某一水平,如果接触压力低于某个水平,接触面上的摩擦力也随之减小,处于内层的部(构)件与垫层以及垫层与外层壳体之间的相对滑动(滑移)现象将可能发生;如果接触压力某瞬时为零,内层的部(构)件与垫层以及垫层与外层壳体,将会有瞬时的分离以致碰撞。上述两种情况的出现,工程上出于特定需要,都视为结构失效,结构失效对内外壳结构的稳定性和安全性都有很大的破坏作用,都应避免发生。因而研究内外壳与垫层材料间的接触分离、相对滑动的力学机理以及各种力学参数对两种现象发生的影响有很大的工程意义。
中间垫层作为结构的核心部件,对于结构在动力环境中的可靠性起到至关重要的作用,垫层材料是一种具有多孔隙的物理特征,宏观上表现为体积可压缩的橡胶类材料,其力学行为是一个包括几何非线性、材料非线性的复杂问题,实际应用过程中,还会遇到应力松弛、蠕变、环境温度影响等粘弹性问题,论文对垫层材料自身的力学特性进行了深入系统的研究。首先在连续介质力学的基本框架内和在热力学宏观定律的基础上,通过结合泡沫硅橡胶材料的物理结构特征,建立了泡沫硅橡胶的两相多孔介质模型;进而基于应变能密度函数可解耦为相对独立的等容变形和体积变形两部分,提出了可压多孔橡胶材料的应变能密度函数,给出了材料的超弹性本构关系,它能够考虑孔隙度对材料变形行为的影响。利用硅橡胶材料的单轴压缩实验进行了材料参数拟合,讨论了多孔硅橡胶的孔隙度和体积变形对压缩性能的影响。
根据多孔硅橡胶模型给出的其静力问题的控制方程,考虑多孔硅橡胶各向同性超弹性材料,利用完全的Lagrange格式进行有限元的分析,推导了有限变形的增量形式,导出有限元列式,编制了刚度矩阵的计算模块。利用ABAQUS软件良好的开放性和所提供的用户子程序接口,采用FORTRAN语言编制了所提出的垫层材料硅橡胶泡沫的用户材料子程序UMAT,对硅泡沫材料的工程应用和设计具有重要的指导意义。
针对孔隙度较大的硅橡胶材料在有限变形时的粘弹性行为,从建立描述材料粘弹性特征的松弛型本构关系出发,结合所提出的适合多孔隙、可压硅橡胶材料的非线性弹性行为的本构关系,建立了多孔硅橡胶在有限变形下的粘弹性本构关系,并对有限变形粘弹性的有限元实现进行了说明。利用硅橡胶材料的单轴压缩松弛实验进行了材料参数拟合,讨论了多孔硅橡胶的剪切变形和体积变形对应力松弛的影响。
基于所提出的适合多孔隙、可压硅橡胶泡沫材料的超弹性和有限变形粘弹性本构关系和所开发的用户材料子程序,应用有限元软件ABAQUS对该结构在多个控制因素组合情况下的静动力学响应进行了数值计算,着重分析了影响结构可靠性的各部件间的接触状态与部分控制因素之间的关系,结果可为工程设计提供依据。
Pre-tightening contacted cushion structures are usually applied in engineering components for some special application purposes. The engineering components are assemblied by applying pre-tightening force on cushion structures——gasket materials filled between outer shells(such as column shell) and components. And, the stability of cushions and components are dependent of the pre-tightening force and friction force applied on cushions by outer shells. Thus, the structures turn out into soft connected structures among several contacted deformation objects.
The outer shells in the pratical case, being excited dynamically, could be treated a portion of dynamical response of whole structure system, their contact states vary from time to time between inner components and cushions or between outer shells and cushions. Pre-tightening contacted cushion structures are required frequently in compression while working in an ordinary working condition, specifically, the compressed level might be not lower some fixed levels. If contact force is lower than the fixed levels, the friction force on contact faces diminishes to some value as relative slip phenomena will be driven. What’s more, inner components and cushions such as cushions and outer shells will separate so as to collide instantaneously when contact force diminishes to zero at some time. Structures are viewed to be failure when the above two conditions mentioned are satisfied for special engineering purposes. Failure of structures will bring much destractive effects on the stability and safety of inner and outer shells structures. These cases should be avoided in practivce. It is of remarkbly significance in engineering that the investigation is taken on the contact and separation among inner and outer shells and cushions, the mechanical mechanism of relative slip and the effects on the above two phenomena from mechanical parameters.
Middle cushions, being the key component, are critical on the reliability of structures in the dynamical environment. The cushion material is a silicone rubber ascribed to the porous structure characters, macroscopicaly compressible in volume. The mechanical behaviors of cushion material are of geometry nonlinearity and material nonlinearity, and viscoelastic problems such as stress relaxtion, creep and environmental temperature effect in engineering application. Research work in the thesis are taken on the mechanical characters of cushion material in several chapters. Firstly, in light of the continuum mechanics and thermodynamics a bi-phasic porous medium model is established in consideration of physics structure characters of porous silicone rubber material. A strain energy density function of compressible porous rubber material is presented while as the strain energy density function may be separated into two parts of relative independence equivoluminal deformation and volume deformation, and in the latter the void ratio may be taken into account. The parameters are determined through fitting with the uniaxial compression tests of silicone rubber material. The influences of void ratio on volume deformation of porous silicone rubber are then discussed.
Proceeding from the governing equations of static problem given in porous silicone rubber model, it is attained that an isotropic behavior of hyperelastic porous silicone rubber material, and a complete Lagrange format finite element analysis, the increment format of finite deformation and finite element formulation, and calculation module of stiffness matri is given out. In use of excellent opening interface and user defined subroutine in ABAQUS, the UMAT (user defined material subroutine) of silicone rubber are written with FORTRAN language. It is demonatrated that the analysis may be applied in practical design of silicone rubber materials.
Viscoelastic behaviors of porous silicone rubber with high porosity at finite deformation are in the thesis dealed with. It proceeds from building up constitutive relations of relaxation function for viscoelastic property combined with constitutive relation developed for much void and nonlinear viscoelasticity of porous compressible silicone rubbers. The viscoelastic constitutive relation under finite deformation of porous compressible silicone rubbers are further developed. The finite element implemention of finite deformation viscoelasticity is investigated. A comparison of theoretical model is carried out with uniaxial compression relaxation experiments of the rubber. The effects of isochoric and volumetric deformation on stress relaxation are then discussed.
Based on presented hyperelastic and finite deformation viscoelastic constitutive relations for high void ratio and porous compressible silicone rubbers, with use of the user defined material subroutine, the static and dynamic response of the structures are numerically analyzed for different practical cases and controling factors in the framework of finite element code ABAQUS. The points are placed on the influence of contact state and connection in relation with control factors. It is indicated that the results may be applied for engineering design.
结构在工作环境中,外层壳体受到动态的外加激励,作为结构系统动力学响应的一部分,内层部(构)件和垫层之间、垫层和外层壳体之间的接触状态在不断改变。预紧接触式垫层结构在正常工作环境下垫层要求总处于受压状态,并且这种受压状态应该不低于某一水平,如果接触压力低于某个水平,接触面上的摩擦力也随之减小,处于内层的部(构)件与垫层以及垫层与外层壳体之间的相对滑动(滑移)现象将可能发生;如果接触压力某瞬时为零,内层的部(构)件与垫层以及垫层与外层壳体,将会有瞬时的分离以致碰撞。上述两种情况的出现,工程上出于特定需要,都视为结构失效,结构失效对内外壳结构的稳定性和安全性都有很大的破坏作用,都应避免发生。因而研究内外壳与垫层材料间的接触分离、相对滑动的力学机理以及各种力学参数对两种现象发生的影响有很大的工程意义。
中间垫层作为结构的核心部件,对于结构在动力环境中的可靠性起到至关重要的作用,垫层材料是一种具有多孔隙的物理特征,宏观上表现为体积可压缩的橡胶类材料,其力学行为是一个包括几何非线性、材料非线性的复杂问题,实际应用过程中,还会遇到应力松弛、蠕变、环境温度影响等粘弹性问题,论文对垫层材料自身的力学特性进行了深入系统的研究。首先在连续介质力学的基本框架内和在热力学宏观定律的基础上,通过结合泡沫硅橡胶材料的物理结构特征,建立了泡沫硅橡胶的两相多孔介质模型;进而基于应变能密度函数可解耦为相对独立的等容变形和体积变形两部分,提出了可压多孔橡胶材料的应变能密度函数,给出了材料的超弹性本构关系,它能够考虑孔隙度对材料变形行为的影响。利用硅橡胶材料的单轴压缩实验进行了材料参数拟合,讨论了多孔硅橡胶的孔隙度和体积变形对压缩性能的影响。
根据多孔硅橡胶模型给出的其静力问题的控制方程,考虑多孔硅橡胶各向同性超弹性材料,利用完全的Lagrange格式进行有限元的分析,推导了有限变形的增量形式,导出有限元列式,编制了刚度矩阵的计算模块。利用ABAQUS软件良好的开放性和所提供的用户子程序接口,采用FORTRAN语言编制了所提出的垫层材料硅橡胶泡沫的用户材料子程序UMAT,对硅泡沫材料的工程应用和设计具有重要的指导意义。
针对孔隙度较大的硅橡胶材料在有限变形时的粘弹性行为,从建立描述材料粘弹性特征的松弛型本构关系出发,结合所提出的适合多孔隙、可压硅橡胶材料的非线性弹性行为的本构关系,建立了多孔硅橡胶在有限变形下的粘弹性本构关系,并对有限变形粘弹性的有限元实现进行了说明。利用硅橡胶材料的单轴压缩松弛实验进行了材料参数拟合,讨论了多孔硅橡胶的剪切变形和体积变形对应力松弛的影响。
基于所提出的适合多孔隙、可压硅橡胶泡沫材料的超弹性和有限变形粘弹性本构关系和所开发的用户材料子程序,应用有限元软件ABAQUS对该结构在多个控制因素组合情况下的静动力学响应进行了数值计算,着重分析了影响结构可靠性的各部件间的接触状态与部分控制因素之间的关系,结果可为工程设计提供依据。
Pre-tightening contacted cushion structures are usually applied in engineering components for some special application purposes. The engineering components are assemblied by applying pre-tightening force on cushion structures——gasket materials filled between outer shells(such as column shell) and components. And, the stability of cushions and components are dependent of the pre-tightening force and friction force applied on cushions by outer shells. Thus, the structures turn out into soft connected structures among several contacted deformation objects.
The outer shells in the pratical case, being excited dynamically, could be treated a portion of dynamical response of whole structure system, their contact states vary from time to time between inner components and cushions or between outer shells and cushions. Pre-tightening contacted cushion structures are required frequently in compression while working in an ordinary working condition, specifically, the compressed level might be not lower some fixed levels. If contact force is lower than the fixed levels, the friction force on contact faces diminishes to some value as relative slip phenomena will be driven. What’s more, inner components and cushions such as cushions and outer shells will separate so as to collide instantaneously when contact force diminishes to zero at some time. Structures are viewed to be failure when the above two conditions mentioned are satisfied for special engineering purposes. Failure of structures will bring much destractive effects on the stability and safety of inner and outer shells structures. These cases should be avoided in practivce. It is of remarkbly significance in engineering that the investigation is taken on the contact and separation among inner and outer shells and cushions, the mechanical mechanism of relative slip and the effects on the above two phenomena from mechanical parameters.
Middle cushions, being the key component, are critical on the reliability of structures in the dynamical environment. The cushion material is a silicone rubber ascribed to the porous structure characters, macroscopicaly compressible in volume. The mechanical behaviors of cushion material are of geometry nonlinearity and material nonlinearity, and viscoelastic problems such as stress relaxtion, creep and environmental temperature effect in engineering application. Research work in the thesis are taken on the mechanical characters of cushion material in several chapters. Firstly, in light of the continuum mechanics and thermodynamics a bi-phasic porous medium model is established in consideration of physics structure characters of porous silicone rubber material. A strain energy density function of compressible porous rubber material is presented while as the strain energy density function may be separated into two parts of relative independence equivoluminal deformation and volume deformation, and in the latter the void ratio may be taken into account. The parameters are determined through fitting with the uniaxial compression tests of silicone rubber material. The influences of void ratio on volume deformation of porous silicone rubber are then discussed.
Proceeding from the governing equations of static problem given in porous silicone rubber model, it is attained that an isotropic behavior of hyperelastic porous silicone rubber material, and a complete Lagrange format finite element analysis, the increment format of finite deformation and finite element formulation, and calculation module of stiffness matri is given out. In use of excellent opening interface and user defined subroutine in ABAQUS, the UMAT (user defined material subroutine) of silicone rubber are written with FORTRAN language. It is demonatrated that the analysis may be applied in practical design of silicone rubber materials.
Viscoelastic behaviors of porous silicone rubber with high porosity at finite deformation are in the thesis dealed with. It proceeds from building up constitutive relations of relaxation function for viscoelastic property combined with constitutive relation developed for much void and nonlinear viscoelasticity of porous compressible silicone rubbers. The viscoelastic constitutive relation under finite deformation of porous compressible silicone rubbers are further developed. The finite element implemention of finite deformation viscoelasticity is investigated. A comparison of theoretical model is carried out with uniaxial compression relaxation experiments of the rubber. The effects of isochoric and volumetric deformation on stress relaxation are then discussed.
Based on presented hyperelastic and finite deformation viscoelastic constitutive relations for high void ratio and porous compressible silicone rubbers, with use of the user defined material subroutine, the static and dynamic response of the structures are numerically analyzed for different practical cases and controling factors in the framework of finite element code ABAQUS. The points are placed on the influence of contact state and connection in relation with control factors. It is indicated that the results may be applied for engineering design.
引文
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