集中供热控制系统的研究与应用
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摘要
目前我国的整个供热行业生产技术水平还比较落后,同时燃烧供热所用的锅炉的燃烧效率还相当低,并且锅炉的燃烧不充分,而造成大气污染严重,这就迫切要求我们提高锅炉技术。目前广泛采用了集中供热模式来提高锅炉供热效率
社会的高速发展,对集中供热系统提出了更高的要求。如何利用计算机使锅炉提供持续稳定的热源,如何实现锅炉的自动控制,如何远程、实时的监查和控制各个单位的生产和生活用热,并且满足环保、节约能耗的要求,就成为现今供热领域迫切要解决的问题。
集中供热系统可分为锅炉自控系统和热网调度系统。两各系统有相同之处也各有特点。在对数据的处理上基本相同,都是通过热工仪表对现场数据进行采集,然后上传到主计算机进行处理分析,在把需要执行的指令下发到各执行机构。锅炉自控系统的燃烧自控和热网数据的远程传输是其重点。
在锅炉自控系统部分中,以锅炉出水温度为被控量,对锅炉炉排引入模糊控制与经典PID结合构成的复合模糊PlD控制器进行出水温度的控制,解决了外界气温变化与锅炉燃烧实时调节的矛盾,实现了按需供热。同时也对汽包液位的控制方法进行了研究,讨论了三冲量调节系统的原理和适用条件及其应用。在热网调度系统的数据传输中探讨了GPRS技术。研究结果表明,实际应用效果比较理想可靠。
本文结合实际工作环境要求,应用西门子PLC方法解决集中供热系统中的关键问题。首先对热网数据传输技术的具体实现进行了详细系统分析和设计,再结合实际工程需求明确了其参数选取与设置过程。此外,本文对汽包水位控制系统提出了三冲量自动控制方法,燃烧自控部分采用了模糊控制与经典PID结合构成的复合模糊PlD控制器实现方法。同时也对常规的利用排烟含氧量控制燃烧系统做了简单阐述对比。控制结果表明,本文所采用方法有效,稳定性较好。
Up till now, technique levels of the whole heating industry in our country falls behind the others. The low combustion ratio and the insufficiency burning of boilers in heat providing lead to grievous air pollution. It is an urgent to improve the boiler technique. City area heating mode is now wild used to improve the heat efficiency.
As the rapid development of modern society, more efficiency city area heating systems are requested. It is a problem to be solved desperately, that using computer control system in heat providing process to make the boiler a stable and continuous heating resource, also to realize the long-distance controlling and real-time monitoring of the heat demands in producing and living process, and meet the demands of energy saving and environmental protection.
The city area heating system is made of two parts, the automatic control system of a boiler and the adjustment system of heating net. These two parts have many characters respect and also many comments. The data processors of each system are the same. Dates collected by thermal meter in worksite are sent to the mean computer to do some analyses and then the orders are distributed to the execute setup. The key points are the burning control of the boiler self-control system and the long-distance date transmission of the heat net
In this work, the output water temperature of the boilers is set as the variable quantity. At the boiler grate, using a composite fuzzy PID (proportional integral differential) controller which has combined the fuzzy control method with the classic PID control method to adjust water temperature, resolved the contradiction between the variation of outside temperature and the real-time adjustment of boilers combusting and realized heat providing on demand.In this work, we also studied the controlling for liquid level in the steam drum of the boiler. The mechanism of three-impulse regulation system, together with the application and the function condition of this system are discussed. The GPRS technique is applied in the management system of heat net. The results show this method is efficient in the real applications.
According to the requirement of the working condition, the Sims’PLC method is appalled in the key problem of the city area heating systems. Firstly, the GPRS technique applied in the heat net is analysis and designed in detail. Secondly, the parameter determination and set-up procession is gived. Furthermore, three-impulse regulation method is applied for liquid level in the steam drum of the boiler, and a composite fuzzy PID (proportional integral differential) controller which has combined the fuzzy control with the classic PID control is applied for boilers combusting. At the same time, the method of controlling combusting used by controlling the oxygen content of the smoke is discussed. .
社会的高速发展,对集中供热系统提出了更高的要求。如何利用计算机使锅炉提供持续稳定的热源,如何实现锅炉的自动控制,如何远程、实时的监查和控制各个单位的生产和生活用热,并且满足环保、节约能耗的要求,就成为现今供热领域迫切要解决的问题。
集中供热系统可分为锅炉自控系统和热网调度系统。两各系统有相同之处也各有特点。在对数据的处理上基本相同,都是通过热工仪表对现场数据进行采集,然后上传到主计算机进行处理分析,在把需要执行的指令下发到各执行机构。锅炉自控系统的燃烧自控和热网数据的远程传输是其重点。
在锅炉自控系统部分中,以锅炉出水温度为被控量,对锅炉炉排引入模糊控制与经典PID结合构成的复合模糊PlD控制器进行出水温度的控制,解决了外界气温变化与锅炉燃烧实时调节的矛盾,实现了按需供热。同时也对汽包液位的控制方法进行了研究,讨论了三冲量调节系统的原理和适用条件及其应用。在热网调度系统的数据传输中探讨了GPRS技术。研究结果表明,实际应用效果比较理想可靠。
本文结合实际工作环境要求,应用西门子PLC方法解决集中供热系统中的关键问题。首先对热网数据传输技术的具体实现进行了详细系统分析和设计,再结合实际工程需求明确了其参数选取与设置过程。此外,本文对汽包水位控制系统提出了三冲量自动控制方法,燃烧自控部分采用了模糊控制与经典PID结合构成的复合模糊PlD控制器实现方法。同时也对常规的利用排烟含氧量控制燃烧系统做了简单阐述对比。控制结果表明,本文所采用方法有效,稳定性较好。
Up till now, technique levels of the whole heating industry in our country falls behind the others. The low combustion ratio and the insufficiency burning of boilers in heat providing lead to grievous air pollution. It is an urgent to improve the boiler technique. City area heating mode is now wild used to improve the heat efficiency.
As the rapid development of modern society, more efficiency city area heating systems are requested. It is a problem to be solved desperately, that using computer control system in heat providing process to make the boiler a stable and continuous heating resource, also to realize the long-distance controlling and real-time monitoring of the heat demands in producing and living process, and meet the demands of energy saving and environmental protection.
The city area heating system is made of two parts, the automatic control system of a boiler and the adjustment system of heating net. These two parts have many characters respect and also many comments. The data processors of each system are the same. Dates collected by thermal meter in worksite are sent to the mean computer to do some analyses and then the orders are distributed to the execute setup. The key points are the burning control of the boiler self-control system and the long-distance date transmission of the heat net
In this work, the output water temperature of the boilers is set as the variable quantity. At the boiler grate, using a composite fuzzy PID (proportional integral differential) controller which has combined the fuzzy control method with the classic PID control method to adjust water temperature, resolved the contradiction between the variation of outside temperature and the real-time adjustment of boilers combusting and realized heat providing on demand.In this work, we also studied the controlling for liquid level in the steam drum of the boiler. The mechanism of three-impulse regulation system, together with the application and the function condition of this system are discussed. The GPRS technique is applied in the management system of heat net. The results show this method is efficient in the real applications.
According to the requirement of the working condition, the Sims’PLC method is appalled in the key problem of the city area heating systems. Firstly, the GPRS technique applied in the heat net is analysis and designed in detail. Secondly, the parameter determination and set-up procession is gived. Furthermore, three-impulse regulation method is applied for liquid level in the steam drum of the boiler, and a composite fuzzy PID (proportional integral differential) controller which has combined the fuzzy control with the classic PID control is applied for boilers combusting. At the same time, the method of controlling combusting used by controlling the oxygen content of the smoke is discussed. .
引文
1.车得福,刘银河.供热锅炉及其系统节能.北京:机械工业出版社,2008.4
2.张润霞,肖继昌.企业热平衡与节能技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993
3.张立伟,马云飞.排烟损失与锅炉运行经济性分析[J].中国科技信息,2005(20):79
4.王建国,陆伟静,刘庆玲.浅论工业蒸汽锅炉节能降耗技术改造与应用[J].内蒙古环境保护,2005.17(2):16-17
5.夏信良.浅谈供热锅炉节能措施[J].科技资讯,2006(16):21-22
6.王善武.我国工业锅炉节能潜力分析与建议[J].工业锅炉,2005(1):1-16
7.鹿世金.工业锅炉节能的控制技术[M].北京:兵器工业出版社,1993
8.潘立登.过程控制.北京:机械工业出版社,2008.3
9.胡涛松.自动控制原理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002
10.王显正,陈正航,王旭永.控制理论基础[M].上海:科学出版社
11.王划一.自动控制原理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2001
12.吴麒.自动控制原理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1990
13.Isermann,R.Digital control Systems.Vol,l.Berlin:Springer-verlag,1989
14.(?)str(?)m,K,J. and B.wittenmark.Computer Controlled System.Englewood cliffs.NJ:prenticeHall,1984
15.Clarke DW,Mohtadi C.Properties of Generalized Control.Proc.10th IFAC congress Munich,1987,10:63-74
16.王家桢.传感器与变送器.北京:清华大学出版社1996
17.何适生.热工测量.北京:电力工业出版社,1980
18.王玲生主编.热工检测仪表.北京:冶金工业出版社,1994
19.陈杰.传感器与检测技术.北京:高等教育出版社,2002
20.张毅等.自动检测技术及仪表控制系统.第二版.北京:化学工业出版社,2005
21.祝王献冰.面向对象的现代工业控制系统实用设计技术.北京市:清华大学出版社, 2009.12.
22.何衍庆,黄海燕,黎冰.可编程控制器原理及应用技巧(第3版).北京:化学工业出版社,2010
23.王兆明.电气控制与PLC技术.北京:清华大学出版社,2010
24.汪晓平. PLC可编程控制器系统开发实例导航.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.7
25.王建新等.远程监控技术的发展现状和趋势. 2005,24(4) :30
26.庄旭东.基于GPRS通讯网络的电能量遥测系统终端软件设计.浙江大学硕士论文.2003.3
27.韩斌杰.GPRS原理及其网络优化.机械工业出版社2004 2:65-70
28.郭惠.通用分组无线业务(GPRS)技术与应用.人民邮电出版社.2004 .3
29.文志成.通用分组无线业务——GPRS,电子工业出版社,2004.1:13-3
30.Shankar Sastry,Marc Bodson.Adaptive Control-Stability,Convergence and Robustness.PRENTICE-HALL,1989
31.Mark B,Tischler.Advances in Aircraft Flight Control.USA Taylor & Francis Inc.1996
32.Kofahl R.Parameteradaptive Regelugen mit robusten Eignschaften FB MSR39.Berlin:Springer-Verlag.1988
33.崔宇昊.中药生产过程自动化智能控制系统的研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2006
34.刘自放,刘春蕾.热工检测与自动控制.北京:中国电力出版社,2007
35.余瑞芬.传感器原理.北京:航空工业出版社,1995
36.张丽珂.S7系列PLC基础教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2009.11
37.刘锴,周海.深入浅出西门子S7-300 PLC.第一版.北京航空大学出版社,2004
38.郭风雷基于GPRS技术的起重机械监控系统,浙江大学硕士论文.2004.2
39.庄旭东.基于GPRS通讯网络的电能量遥测系统终端软件设计.浙江大学硕士论文.2003.3
40.韩斌杰.GPRS原理及其网络优化[M].北京:机械工业出版社. 2003.1-2,26-28,137-139
41.郭惠.通用分组无线业务(GPRS)技术与应用.人民邮电出版社.2004 .3
42.Grimble M J.Weighted minimumvariance control of nonlinear systems Research Report ICU/15,University of strathclyde,14.1982
43.Luenberger D G.Linear and Nonlinear Programming.Addison– Wesley Publishing Company Inc.,1984
44.John H.Blakelock.Aircraft and Missile.And ed.John Wiley & sons,Inc.1991
45.Anderson M R.,Standard Optimal Pilot Models.AIAA-94-3627
46.廖唱初.S7-300/400PLC应用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007
47.韩焕平,聂俊岚,等.模糊自寻优PID在中药生产自动控制系统中的应用[J].河北科技大学学报,2001,22(4):58-61
48.许继平,刘载文,段长明.基于模糊PID控制的污水处理过程DO控制[J].自动化博览,2005,22(1):58-60
2.张润霞,肖继昌.企业热平衡与节能技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993
3.张立伟,马云飞.排烟损失与锅炉运行经济性分析[J].中国科技信息,2005(20):79
4.王建国,陆伟静,刘庆玲.浅论工业蒸汽锅炉节能降耗技术改造与应用[J].内蒙古环境保护,2005.17(2):16-17
5.夏信良.浅谈供热锅炉节能措施[J].科技资讯,2006(16):21-22
6.王善武.我国工业锅炉节能潜力分析与建议[J].工业锅炉,2005(1):1-16
7.鹿世金.工业锅炉节能的控制技术[M].北京:兵器工业出版社,1993
8.潘立登.过程控制.北京:机械工业出版社,2008.3
9.胡涛松.自动控制原理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002
10.王显正,陈正航,王旭永.控制理论基础[M].上海:科学出版社
11.王划一.自动控制原理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2001
12.吴麒.自动控制原理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1990
13.Isermann,R.Digital control Systems.Vol,l.Berlin:Springer-verlag,1989
14.(?)str(?)m,K,J. and B.wittenmark.Computer Controlled System.Englewood cliffs.NJ:prenticeHall,1984
15.Clarke DW,Mohtadi C.Properties of Generalized Control.Proc.10th IFAC congress Munich,1987,10:63-74
16.王家桢.传感器与变送器.北京:清华大学出版社1996
17.何适生.热工测量.北京:电力工业出版社,1980
18.王玲生主编.热工检测仪表.北京:冶金工业出版社,1994
19.陈杰.传感器与检测技术.北京:高等教育出版社,2002
20.张毅等.自动检测技术及仪表控制系统.第二版.北京:化学工业出版社,2005
21.祝王献冰.面向对象的现代工业控制系统实用设计技术.北京市:清华大学出版社, 2009.12.
22.何衍庆,黄海燕,黎冰.可编程控制器原理及应用技巧(第3版).北京:化学工业出版社,2010
23.王兆明.电气控制与PLC技术.北京:清华大学出版社,2010
24.汪晓平. PLC可编程控制器系统开发实例导航.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.7
25.王建新等.远程监控技术的发展现状和趋势. 2005,24(4) :30
26.庄旭东.基于GPRS通讯网络的电能量遥测系统终端软件设计.浙江大学硕士论文.2003.3
27.韩斌杰.GPRS原理及其网络优化.机械工业出版社2004 2:65-70
28.郭惠.通用分组无线业务(GPRS)技术与应用.人民邮电出版社.2004 .3
29.文志成.通用分组无线业务——GPRS,电子工业出版社,2004.1:13-3
30.Shankar Sastry,Marc Bodson.Adaptive Control-Stability,Convergence and Robustness.PRENTICE-HALL,1989
31.Mark B,Tischler.Advances in Aircraft Flight Control.USA Taylor & Francis Inc.1996
32.Kofahl R.Parameteradaptive Regelugen mit robusten Eignschaften FB MSR39.Berlin:Springer-Verlag.1988
33.崔宇昊.中药生产过程自动化智能控制系统的研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2006
34.刘自放,刘春蕾.热工检测与自动控制.北京:中国电力出版社,2007
35.余瑞芬.传感器原理.北京:航空工业出版社,1995
36.张丽珂.S7系列PLC基础教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2009.11
37.刘锴,周海.深入浅出西门子S7-300 PLC.第一版.北京航空大学出版社,2004
38.郭风雷基于GPRS技术的起重机械监控系统,浙江大学硕士论文.2004.2
39.庄旭东.基于GPRS通讯网络的电能量遥测系统终端软件设计.浙江大学硕士论文.2003.3
40.韩斌杰.GPRS原理及其网络优化[M].北京:机械工业出版社. 2003.1-2,26-28,137-139
41.郭惠.通用分组无线业务(GPRS)技术与应用.人民邮电出版社.2004 .3
42.Grimble M J.Weighted minimumvariance control of nonlinear systems Research Report ICU/15,University of strathclyde,14.1982
43.Luenberger D G.Linear and Nonlinear Programming.Addison– Wesley Publishing Company Inc.,1984
44.John H.Blakelock.Aircraft and Missile.And ed.John Wiley & sons,Inc.1991
45.Anderson M R.,Standard Optimal Pilot Models.AIAA-94-3627
46.廖唱初.S7-300/400PLC应用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007
47.韩焕平,聂俊岚,等.模糊自寻优PID在中药生产自动控制系统中的应用[J].河北科技大学学报,2001,22(4):58-61
48.许继平,刘载文,段长明.基于模糊PID控制的污水处理过程DO控制[J].自动化博览,2005,22(1):58-60