北京地铁工程建设安全风险控制体系及监控系统研究
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摘要
城市地铁工程受周边环境限制与工程、水文地质条件影响,存在大量的工程建设安全风险。在目前地铁工程建设高速发展的背景下,安全风险控制形势日趋严峻。
依托北京地铁工程建设经验,紧密结合北京地铁实际需要,通过经验总结与分析,提出了风险工程的概念,确定了风险工程的分级标准、预警体系、监控管理模式、安全管控工作要点及各参建单位职责,形成了系统的地铁工程建设安全风险控制体系。基于北京地铁4、5号线和10号线一期邻近周边建(构)筑物(包括既有地铁线、桥基、建筑和管线)施工的典型工程,建立了地铁工程典型环境风险的评估与控制体系,并成功应用该体系对北京地铁9号线军事博物馆站工程(原方案)进行了现状调查评估与施工影响预测。在上述安全风险控制体系和周边环境评估体系的基础上,领导研发了地铁工程施工安全风险监控系统。将安全风险控制体系与监控系统成功应用于北京地铁建设中,通过在北京地铁9号线太平桥-北京西站区间工程的应用实践证明：安全风险控制体系和监控系统行之有效,具有很强的实用性。
论文的主要贡献是：
1、提出了北京地铁工程建设安全风险控制体系的核心理念,即“基础工作坚实、监控标准明确、立足预防预控、突出过程控制”。围绕该理念,建立了安全风险控制体系,提出了落实体系的关键工作包括“夯实基础工作、完善控制标准、强化控制过程、定性定量结合、综合控制措施、完善专家系统、细化安全责任”。
2、提出了风险工程的概念,确定了分级标准。提出了“施工单位全面监测结合第三方监测单位重点监测,施工、监理、第三方监测单位现场巡视,风险预警以第三方监测单位为主”的监控管理模式。总结提出了北京地铁第三方监测的工作要求,在工程监测的基础上提出了现场巡视的思想,并且分工法(盾构法、明挖法和矿山法)、分对象(工程自身与周边环境)的提炼形成了现场巡视的工作内容与重点。提出了单一的监测预警、巡视预警以及综合预警的预警体系。总结提出了地铁新线建设的安全风险技术管理模式及职责,形成了贯穿工程建设全过程(勘察与环境调查、方案设计、初步设计、施工图设计、施工、工后阶段)的风险识别、分析、分级和控制体系,明确了工程建设各阶段的安全风险管控工作重点。
3、建立了北京地铁工程典型周边环境的评估与控制体系,包括现状调查与评估、地铁施工影响预测、控制标准确定与措施制定等。提出了相应的评估流程包括：1)邻近等级划分；2)调查与评估；3)施工影响预测；4)确定影响等级；5)确定控制指标和标准,制定控制措施。6)变形监测与反馈；7)工后评估。
4、基于安全风险控制体系的研究,提出了安全风险监控系统设计思路和流程,建立了网络化架构,设计了监测、巡视、风险处置和工程文档等用例模型,设计的系统模块包括地理地质系统、工程资料管理、基础信息管理、工程事务管理和风险预警管理等。领导研发的管理系统实现了风险工程管控的信息化管理。
5、工程实际应用结果表明,贯穿工程建设全过程的安全风险控制体系及监控系统适应北京地铁大规模工程建设的需求,为地铁建设的风险控制提供了一整套比较系统、完善的技术管理指南,最大限度地规避了工程建设安全风险,为工程建设提供了安全保障服务,促进了北京地铁工程建设安全风险控制工作的系统化、规范化和信息化。
Due to the influence of surrounding building environment, engineering and hydrology geology conditions on metro engineering, there are a large number of safety risks during metro construction. With the rapid development of metro engineering, present safety risk control has been becoming an increasingly serious concern.
With the construction experience of Beijing metro as the background, the concept of risk engineering is put forward, and grading standards, pre-warning system, monitoring management mode, safety control and the duties of construction units are introduced on the basis of engineering experience analysis, and then the safety risk control system for metro engineering construction is presented, according to the actual situation and needs of Beijing metro construction. Based on the typical adjacent building environment engineering (including existing metro lines, bridge foundations, buildings and pipelines) in Beijing metro line4,5and the first period of line10, a typical environment risk evaluation and control system for metro engineering is established and applied to the project of Military Museum station in Beijing metro line9. Based on the risk control system and environment risk evaluation and control system, Beijing metro construction safety risk monitoring system is developed. Moreover, above two systems are successfully used in the construction of Beijing metro, from the case of the running tunnel between the Beitaipingqiao station and Beijing west railway station in line9, the effectiveness and practicality of the two systems are verified at the same time.
The main contributions are:
The core idea of risk control system of Beijing metro construction is put forward, which is the solid basic work, specifying monitoring criterion, standing on preventing and pre-controlling, highlighting process control. Surrounding the core idea, the key works establishing the system are specified, which including strengthening basic works, optimizing control criterion, strengthening control process, combining with qualitative and quantitative analysis, integrating control measures, perfecting expert system, tessellating safety responsibilities.
The concept of risk engineering is put forward, and the grading standards is determined. The pre-warning management pattern is proposed, which includes the combination with overall monitoring by construction enterprises and major monitoring by third party monitoring enterprises, integral on-site inspection with construction, supervision and the third party enterprises, and risk pre-warning mainly by the third party monitoring enterprises. The third party monitoring job requirement is proposed, and on-site inspection idea is put forward based on monitoring, and the content and key point of inspection is establish according to the construction method(cut and cover, mining method and shield method) and object(metro engineering itself and building environment risk). The2-level pre-warning system is established, which includes the single monitoring pre-warning, inspection pre-warning and comprehensive pre-warning. The safety risk management pattern and responsibility is proposed, and the risk identification, analysis, classification and control system is formed, which runs through the entire construction course (investigation and environment survey, schematic plan design, preliminary design, construction documents design, construction and after construction accomplishment). The key point of risk control and management in every stage of engineering construction is specified.
An evaluation and control system is established for typical adjacent building environment in Beijing metro engineering, including current situation investigation and evaluation, construction effect forecast, the control criterion and measures setting. The specific evaluation process includes dividing adjacent grade, investigation and evaluation, construction effect forecast, determining effect grade, setting the control index and criterion, confirming the control measure, monitoring deformation, evaluation after construction accomplishment.
Based on the risk control system of Beijing metro construction, the design idea and process of monitoring system is put forward, and the network frame is proposed. The use case models are designed about monitoring, inspection, risk disposal and engineering document, and the system module includes geology and geography information system, engineering data management, basic information management, engineering affair management and risk pre-warning management. The risk engineering information management is achieved through the studied system under the leadship.
The application of the risk control system and monitoring system shows that the system running through the entire construction course meets the needs of large-scale engineering construction of Beijing metro, and the system is a systemic and comprehensive technical management manual for risk management in metro construction. The system can provide insurance service for engineering construction, and can promote the achievement of systematism, normalization and informatization in the risk control work.
依托北京地铁工程建设经验,紧密结合北京地铁实际需要,通过经验总结与分析,提出了风险工程的概念,确定了风险工程的分级标准、预警体系、监控管理模式、安全管控工作要点及各参建单位职责,形成了系统的地铁工程建设安全风险控制体系。基于北京地铁4、5号线和10号线一期邻近周边建(构)筑物(包括既有地铁线、桥基、建筑和管线)施工的典型工程,建立了地铁工程典型环境风险的评估与控制体系,并成功应用该体系对北京地铁9号线军事博物馆站工程(原方案)进行了现状调查评估与施工影响预测。在上述安全风险控制体系和周边环境评估体系的基础上,领导研发了地铁工程施工安全风险监控系统。将安全风险控制体系与监控系统成功应用于北京地铁建设中,通过在北京地铁9号线太平桥-北京西站区间工程的应用实践证明：安全风险控制体系和监控系统行之有效,具有很强的实用性。
论文的主要贡献是：
1、提出了北京地铁工程建设安全风险控制体系的核心理念,即“基础工作坚实、监控标准明确、立足预防预控、突出过程控制”。围绕该理念,建立了安全风险控制体系,提出了落实体系的关键工作包括“夯实基础工作、完善控制标准、强化控制过程、定性定量结合、综合控制措施、完善专家系统、细化安全责任”。
2、提出了风险工程的概念,确定了分级标准。提出了“施工单位全面监测结合第三方监测单位重点监测,施工、监理、第三方监测单位现场巡视,风险预警以第三方监测单位为主”的监控管理模式。总结提出了北京地铁第三方监测的工作要求,在工程监测的基础上提出了现场巡视的思想,并且分工法(盾构法、明挖法和矿山法)、分对象(工程自身与周边环境)的提炼形成了现场巡视的工作内容与重点。提出了单一的监测预警、巡视预警以及综合预警的预警体系。总结提出了地铁新线建设的安全风险技术管理模式及职责,形成了贯穿工程建设全过程(勘察与环境调查、方案设计、初步设计、施工图设计、施工、工后阶段)的风险识别、分析、分级和控制体系,明确了工程建设各阶段的安全风险管控工作重点。
3、建立了北京地铁工程典型周边环境的评估与控制体系,包括现状调查与评估、地铁施工影响预测、控制标准确定与措施制定等。提出了相应的评估流程包括：1)邻近等级划分；2)调查与评估；3)施工影响预测；4)确定影响等级；5)确定控制指标和标准,制定控制措施。6)变形监测与反馈；7)工后评估。
4、基于安全风险控制体系的研究,提出了安全风险监控系统设计思路和流程,建立了网络化架构,设计了监测、巡视、风险处置和工程文档等用例模型,设计的系统模块包括地理地质系统、工程资料管理、基础信息管理、工程事务管理和风险预警管理等。领导研发的管理系统实现了风险工程管控的信息化管理。
5、工程实际应用结果表明,贯穿工程建设全过程的安全风险控制体系及监控系统适应北京地铁大规模工程建设的需求,为地铁建设的风险控制提供了一整套比较系统、完善的技术管理指南,最大限度地规避了工程建设安全风险,为工程建设提供了安全保障服务,促进了北京地铁工程建设安全风险控制工作的系统化、规范化和信息化。
Due to the influence of surrounding building environment, engineering and hydrology geology conditions on metro engineering, there are a large number of safety risks during metro construction. With the rapid development of metro engineering, present safety risk control has been becoming an increasingly serious concern.
With the construction experience of Beijing metro as the background, the concept of risk engineering is put forward, and grading standards, pre-warning system, monitoring management mode, safety control and the duties of construction units are introduced on the basis of engineering experience analysis, and then the safety risk control system for metro engineering construction is presented, according to the actual situation and needs of Beijing metro construction. Based on the typical adjacent building environment engineering (including existing metro lines, bridge foundations, buildings and pipelines) in Beijing metro line4,5and the first period of line10, a typical environment risk evaluation and control system for metro engineering is established and applied to the project of Military Museum station in Beijing metro line9. Based on the risk control system and environment risk evaluation and control system, Beijing metro construction safety risk monitoring system is developed. Moreover, above two systems are successfully used in the construction of Beijing metro, from the case of the running tunnel between the Beitaipingqiao station and Beijing west railway station in line9, the effectiveness and practicality of the two systems are verified at the same time.
The main contributions are:
The core idea of risk control system of Beijing metro construction is put forward, which is the solid basic work, specifying monitoring criterion, standing on preventing and pre-controlling, highlighting process control. Surrounding the core idea, the key works establishing the system are specified, which including strengthening basic works, optimizing control criterion, strengthening control process, combining with qualitative and quantitative analysis, integrating control measures, perfecting expert system, tessellating safety responsibilities.
The concept of risk engineering is put forward, and the grading standards is determined. The pre-warning management pattern is proposed, which includes the combination with overall monitoring by construction enterprises and major monitoring by third party monitoring enterprises, integral on-site inspection with construction, supervision and the third party enterprises, and risk pre-warning mainly by the third party monitoring enterprises. The third party monitoring job requirement is proposed, and on-site inspection idea is put forward based on monitoring, and the content and key point of inspection is establish according to the construction method(cut and cover, mining method and shield method) and object(metro engineering itself and building environment risk). The2-level pre-warning system is established, which includes the single monitoring pre-warning, inspection pre-warning and comprehensive pre-warning. The safety risk management pattern and responsibility is proposed, and the risk identification, analysis, classification and control system is formed, which runs through the entire construction course (investigation and environment survey, schematic plan design, preliminary design, construction documents design, construction and after construction accomplishment). The key point of risk control and management in every stage of engineering construction is specified.
An evaluation and control system is established for typical adjacent building environment in Beijing metro engineering, including current situation investigation and evaluation, construction effect forecast, the control criterion and measures setting. The specific evaluation process includes dividing adjacent grade, investigation and evaluation, construction effect forecast, determining effect grade, setting the control index and criterion, confirming the control measure, monitoring deformation, evaluation after construction accomplishment.
Based on the risk control system of Beijing metro construction, the design idea and process of monitoring system is put forward, and the network frame is proposed. The use case models are designed about monitoring, inspection, risk disposal and engineering document, and the system module includes geology and geography information system, engineering data management, basic information management, engineering affair management and risk pre-warning management. The risk engineering information management is achieved through the studied system under the leadship.
The application of the risk control system and monitoring system shows that the system running through the entire construction course meets the needs of large-scale engineering construction of Beijing metro, and the system is a systemic and comprehensive technical management manual for risk management in metro construction. The system can provide insurance service for engineering construction, and can promote the achievement of systematism, normalization and informatization in the risk control work.
引文
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