矿山企业管理者安全行为实证研究
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摘要
安全生产法律法规对矿山企业管理者设定了多项法律责任和安全要求,但因矿山管理者违法违规而导致的安全生产事故时有发生。为探索原因,论文采用理论与实证研究相结合的方法,融合领导行为理论、激励理论和事故致因理论,综合运用因素分析、回归分析和结构方程模型等数学方法,对矿山企业管理者和员工安全行为的结构、现状表征及影响因素展开研究。主要研究内容和取得的研究成果为：
(1)以企业管理者安全行为作为切入点,建立企业安全行为的“影响因素(前因)——行为表现——影响结果(后果)”分析框架,为矿山企业安全行为及其影响因素研究提供了思路。
(2)基于安全行为研究现状,初步提出广义安全行为的概念与内涵,阐述管理者安全行为的特点；从安全绩效的概念与评估指标入手,阐明安全行为绩效的概念。
(3)基于国内外已有的研究基础,提出矿山企业管理者安全行为的五维度概念模型,编制包括安全管理承诺、安全政策、安全沟通与反馈、安全激励和安全培训五个维度的调查问卷。通过探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析表明企业管理者安全行为的五维度结构具有良好的信度和效度。
(4)分析了企业管理者安全行为的现实表现。采用统计软件SPSS16.0,对调查数据进行描述统计分析、方差分析、回归分析,探索企业管理者安全行为的实际表现。
(5)系统地识别了影响企业管理者安全行为的主要社会因素。通过企业现场实地调研,识别出企业管理者安全行为影响因素主要包括安全监管实践、安全管理机制、安全观念三个维度,并在此基础上编制了调查问卷。探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析表明问卷具有良好的信度和效度。
(6)采用相关分析和回归分析研究社会因素对企业管理者安全行为的影响作用机制。实证分析表明,影响因素对企业管理者安全行为具有显著正向影响；安全监管实践、安全管理机制和安全观念三个影响因素对管理者安全行为的各维度均有显著影响；安全观念的正向影响作用最大。
(7)分析了企业安全行为绩效的维度结构。基于文献回顾,提出企业安全行为绩效由员工的安全遵守行为、安全参与行为和安全事故三个维度构成,三维度结构模型得到了实证分析的支持。
(8)采用AMOS18.0软件,运用回归分析和结构方程模型分析方法实证研究企业管理者安全行为对安全行为绩效的影响。分析表明,管理者安全行为对安全行为绩效具有显著正向影响；企业管理者的安全培训、安全管理承诺、安全激励、安全政策和安全沟通与反馈五种安全行为对员工的安全遵守和安全参与行为具有差异性的显著正向影响；安全培训、安全政策和安全沟通与反馈具有显著的中介作用。
Although there are a lot of legal liability and safety requirements for mine enterprises and its managers in many safety laws and regulations, many managers of mine enterprises still break the law and mine accidents are still frequent. There is a major contradiction between the reinforcement of safety laws and regulations for safeguard and the occurrence of mine accidents. In order to explore the causes of the conflict, the paper applies theoretical and empirical analysis. Comprehensive applied leadership behavior theory, incentive theory and accident-causing theory; conducted factor analysis, regression analysis, structural equation model, studied the state and features of managers safety behavior (MSB) and employee safety behavior and their influencing factors. The main contents are as follows:
(1) The system framework was summarized and an analysis frame of'influences-behaviors-impacts'was established by focusing on MSB.
(2) Based on the current research of safety behavior, the concept and connotation of generalized safety behavior was put forward. The characteristics of the managers safety behavior (MSB) were expounded. From the concept and evaluation index of safety performance, the concept of safety behavior performance was clarified.
(3) A five-dimension concept model of MSB was put forward based on the existing research foundation at home and abroad at first, and 'questionnaire of managers safety behavior'was compiled, including safety management commitment, safety communication and feedback, safety policy, safety incentive and safety training. The results from exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that it had good reliability and validity. It provided a scientific measurement tool for personnel selection and evaluation in mine safety management.
(4) The actual safety behavior of managers was analyzed. The SPSS16.0software was used to analyze by descriptive statistics analysis, variance analysis and regression analysis. It measured employees' perception difference about managers from employees'sex, age, work experience, position and training times and education.
(5) The main social factors affecting managers safety behaviro was identified systematically.Through spot investigation in enterprise, we identified influencing factors of LSB, and complied'questionnaire of the influencing factors of managers', including safety supervising practice, safety management mechanism, safety idea. The results from exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that it had good reliability and validity.
(6) Empirical study was adopted to analyze the effect of social factors on MSB by correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results show that, the overall influencing factors have significantly positive effect on MSB; safety supervising practice, safety management mechanism and safety idea have significant efffects on the behaviors of managers; the effect of safety idea is largest.
(7) The structures of enterprise safety performance was analyzed. Based on literature review, this paper proposed enterprise safety performance composed of three dimensions, namely safety commitment, safety participation and safety accidents. This three-dimensional of structural model has been supported by empirical analysis.
(8) By using regression analysis and structural equation model, the effects of MSB on safety performance was analyzed. The results show that, the overall MSB has significant positive effect on safety performance; safety training, safety management commitment, safety incentive, safety policy and safety communication and feedback has significant positive effect on employees'safety compliance and safety participation; safety training, safety policy and safety communication and feedback has a significant mediating effect.
(1)以企业管理者安全行为作为切入点,建立企业安全行为的“影响因素(前因)——行为表现——影响结果(后果)”分析框架,为矿山企业安全行为及其影响因素研究提供了思路。
(2)基于安全行为研究现状,初步提出广义安全行为的概念与内涵,阐述管理者安全行为的特点；从安全绩效的概念与评估指标入手,阐明安全行为绩效的概念。
(3)基于国内外已有的研究基础,提出矿山企业管理者安全行为的五维度概念模型,编制包括安全管理承诺、安全政策、安全沟通与反馈、安全激励和安全培训五个维度的调查问卷。通过探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析表明企业管理者安全行为的五维度结构具有良好的信度和效度。
(4)分析了企业管理者安全行为的现实表现。采用统计软件SPSS16.0,对调查数据进行描述统计分析、方差分析、回归分析,探索企业管理者安全行为的实际表现。
(5)系统地识别了影响企业管理者安全行为的主要社会因素。通过企业现场实地调研,识别出企业管理者安全行为影响因素主要包括安全监管实践、安全管理机制、安全观念三个维度,并在此基础上编制了调查问卷。探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析表明问卷具有良好的信度和效度。
(6)采用相关分析和回归分析研究社会因素对企业管理者安全行为的影响作用机制。实证分析表明,影响因素对企业管理者安全行为具有显著正向影响；安全监管实践、安全管理机制和安全观念三个影响因素对管理者安全行为的各维度均有显著影响；安全观念的正向影响作用最大。
(7)分析了企业安全行为绩效的维度结构。基于文献回顾,提出企业安全行为绩效由员工的安全遵守行为、安全参与行为和安全事故三个维度构成,三维度结构模型得到了实证分析的支持。
(8)采用AMOS18.0软件,运用回归分析和结构方程模型分析方法实证研究企业管理者安全行为对安全行为绩效的影响。分析表明,管理者安全行为对安全行为绩效具有显著正向影响；企业管理者的安全培训、安全管理承诺、安全激励、安全政策和安全沟通与反馈五种安全行为对员工的安全遵守和安全参与行为具有差异性的显著正向影响；安全培训、安全政策和安全沟通与反馈具有显著的中介作用。
Although there are a lot of legal liability and safety requirements for mine enterprises and its managers in many safety laws and regulations, many managers of mine enterprises still break the law and mine accidents are still frequent. There is a major contradiction between the reinforcement of safety laws and regulations for safeguard and the occurrence of mine accidents. In order to explore the causes of the conflict, the paper applies theoretical and empirical analysis. Comprehensive applied leadership behavior theory, incentive theory and accident-causing theory; conducted factor analysis, regression analysis, structural equation model, studied the state and features of managers safety behavior (MSB) and employee safety behavior and their influencing factors. The main contents are as follows:
(1) The system framework was summarized and an analysis frame of'influences-behaviors-impacts'was established by focusing on MSB.
(2) Based on the current research of safety behavior, the concept and connotation of generalized safety behavior was put forward. The characteristics of the managers safety behavior (MSB) were expounded. From the concept and evaluation index of safety performance, the concept of safety behavior performance was clarified.
(3) A five-dimension concept model of MSB was put forward based on the existing research foundation at home and abroad at first, and 'questionnaire of managers safety behavior'was compiled, including safety management commitment, safety communication and feedback, safety policy, safety incentive and safety training. The results from exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that it had good reliability and validity. It provided a scientific measurement tool for personnel selection and evaluation in mine safety management.
(4) The actual safety behavior of managers was analyzed. The SPSS16.0software was used to analyze by descriptive statistics analysis, variance analysis and regression analysis. It measured employees' perception difference about managers from employees'sex, age, work experience, position and training times and education.
(5) The main social factors affecting managers safety behaviro was identified systematically.Through spot investigation in enterprise, we identified influencing factors of LSB, and complied'questionnaire of the influencing factors of managers', including safety supervising practice, safety management mechanism, safety idea. The results from exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that it had good reliability and validity.
(6) Empirical study was adopted to analyze the effect of social factors on MSB by correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results show that, the overall influencing factors have significantly positive effect on MSB; safety supervising practice, safety management mechanism and safety idea have significant efffects on the behaviors of managers; the effect of safety idea is largest.
(7) The structures of enterprise safety performance was analyzed. Based on literature review, this paper proposed enterprise safety performance composed of three dimensions, namely safety commitment, safety participation and safety accidents. This three-dimensional of structural model has been supported by empirical analysis.
(8) By using regression analysis and structural equation model, the effects of MSB on safety performance was analyzed. The results show that, the overall MSB has significant positive effect on safety performance; safety training, safety management commitment, safety incentive, safety policy and safety communication and feedback has significant positive effect on employees'safety compliance and safety participation; safety training, safety policy and safety communication and feedback has a significant mediating effect.
引文
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