搅拌设备智能化计算机辅助设计系统的完善
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摘要
搅拌设备在工业过程中有广泛的应用。但搅拌设备设计中许多问题不能利用传统的数学手段进行分析、建模和求解，大大限制了计算机在搅拌设备设计中的应用。搅拌设备的设计目前仍依赖于经验，它的自动化设计问题迟迟未能解决。将专家系统引入搅拌设备设计领域为解决这一问题提供了新思路。
浙江大学开发的搅拌设备选型设计的专家系统(MIXiCAD)的原型系统，内容包括：搅拌桨选型、化工设计、详细机械设计、经济分析优化及机械绘图等。本文对搅拌设备设计计算机辅助设计系统的原型系统进行了功能的扩充和系统结构的局部完善，增加了通用设计的传热模块、非牛顿流体搅拌功率模块和专用设计的氯乙烯悬浮聚合反应器、乳液聚合反应器模块。具体取得的主要成果如下：
1．绝大多数搅拌反应槽在设计时均会考虑到传热问题，确保反应热的及时移出使反应在合适的工艺温度进行，以得到合格的产品。本文系统地研究了搅拌设备的传热过程，分别对搅拌设备常用的传热构件-夹套和内冷管-的传热计算的方法流程进行了分析研究。对应于搅拌槽内液体和冷却介质分别建立了传热计算所需的两个努赛尔准数知识库—被搅液侧的Nu公式库和热载体侧的Nu公式库。设计并实现了搅拌设备传热过程的自动化计算。
2．梅兹纳(Metzner)常数是计算非牛顿流体的搅拌功率时必须的基础数据。在广泛收集资料的基础上，通过分析建立了在不同雷诺数、不同搅拌桨条件下计算Metzner常数的公式库。在给出体系物性和操作条件时，本文开发的系统可以自动选择合适的公式并计算Metzner常数。
3．悬浮法是工业生产聚氯乙烯的最主要的方法。氯乙烯悬浮聚合釜设计具有釜容积大，对传热要求高，设计放大条件复杂等特点。通过收集并分析整理氯乙烯悬浮聚合釜设计的数据和资料，确立了氯乙烯悬浮聚合釜设计放大自动化计算的一般步骤，建立了氯乙烯悬浮聚合釜设计的专业设计模块，对设计结果按体系单位体积功耗最小为目标进行了优化。实现了80m~3以下氯乙烯悬浮聚合釜设计的自动化。
4．乳液聚合具有体系的粘度低，易于传热和混合，生产容易控制等优点在工
浙江大学硕士学位论文
业上应用广泛。乳液聚合釜设计放大条件复杂，本文在收集并分析整理了乳液聚
合釜设计的数据和资料的基础上，确立了乳液聚合釜设计放大自动化计算的一般
步骤，建立了乳液聚合聚合釜设计的专业设计模块。对设计结果按体系单位体积
功耗最小为目标进行了优化。实现了乳液聚合釜设计的自动化。
5.对原型系统的人机交互界面进行了改进，使系统和用户可以更友善的交
流。对有关模块的结构进行了调整，使新增加的模块和数据库与原系统整合为一
体。采用积木式设计思想的功能模块添加方法，为该软件的进一步完善、提高提
供途径。
本文通过对大量知识和数据的收集整理，对原型系统的知识库进行了大规模
的扩充。对系统的结构和功能进行了完善，添加了新的模块，系统的应用范围更
广，人机交互界面更友善。相对与原型系统具有了一定的实用意义，今后可以进
一步扩充完善使系统的功能更完善。
Agitated vessels are widely used in various industries. But in the design of agitated vessels, many problems could not be analyzed, modeled and solved by conventional mathematical methods. It has greatly limited the application of computer in the design of agitated vessel, which is mostly depended on the experience of experts. Therefore, the automatic design of agitator vessel is unsolved. There is a new way to break the bar by using expert system technology to solve this problem.
Intelligence Computer-Aid Design of mixing equipments system (MIXiCAD) is developed by Zhejiang University includes bellow: selection of agitated vessel, chemical engineering design, detailed machine design, economy analysis and machine painting etc. This thesis precedes the enlargement of the function to the prototype system and perfect with the structure in system partly. In a specific way the main result that obtain is as follows:
1. While designing agitated vessels, the heat transfer problem should be considered seriously for insureing the reaction heat could be removed away to maintain suitable temperature in the reactor to ensure the product is good. This thesis studied the heat transfer process of agitated vessels systemically and analysis the calculation method of heat transfer in agitated vessels. Two Nu knowledge bases are estimated correspond to the feed in vessel and cool-water in the jacket and coil for calculation of heat transfer coefficient. Realize the automatic calculation of the heat transfer of Agitated vessels.
2. Metzner constant is the basic data that apply to the evaluation of Mixing Power of non-Newtonian fluid. A database of Metzner constant is built up which can be applied to different Re constant and different impellers conditions by analysis the extensive collected data. Realize the automatic calculation of Metzner constant.
3. Suspension polymerization is the main way in industrial production of PVC. The design of it has those characters: huge volume, high demand of heat transfer,
magnify complexly and etc. A professional module of PVC vessel design is. built up by analysis the extensive collected data. Realize the computer-aid design of PVC vessel. The result is optimum for minimum power consumption.
4. Emulsion has those characters: low viscosity, heat transfer and mixing easily, controllable etc. magnify emulsion vessel is complexly. A professional module of Emulsion vessel design is built up by analysis the extensive collected data. Realize the computer-aid design of emulsion vessel. The result is optimum for minimum power consumption.
5. Hand over to interface of the prototype system; making system can communicate with customer more friendly. By adjusting the construction of the relevant module made new module and database integrative with original system as a whole.The new function module could be added by "building blocks" design method . in order to perfect the software easily.
The prototype system was expanded largely on the base of abundant collected data and knowledge in this thesis. The configuration of system is perfected, new module is added, the ability of system is enhanced, and interface is changed more friendly. It is a stable base for prefect and expand in the future.
浙江大学开发的搅拌设备选型设计的专家系统(MIXiCAD)的原型系统，内容包括：搅拌桨选型、化工设计、详细机械设计、经济分析优化及机械绘图等。本文对搅拌设备设计计算机辅助设计系统的原型系统进行了功能的扩充和系统结构的局部完善，增加了通用设计的传热模块、非牛顿流体搅拌功率模块和专用设计的氯乙烯悬浮聚合反应器、乳液聚合反应器模块。具体取得的主要成果如下：
1．绝大多数搅拌反应槽在设计时均会考虑到传热问题，确保反应热的及时移出使反应在合适的工艺温度进行，以得到合格的产品。本文系统地研究了搅拌设备的传热过程，分别对搅拌设备常用的传热构件-夹套和内冷管-的传热计算的方法流程进行了分析研究。对应于搅拌槽内液体和冷却介质分别建立了传热计算所需的两个努赛尔准数知识库—被搅液侧的Nu公式库和热载体侧的Nu公式库。设计并实现了搅拌设备传热过程的自动化计算。
2．梅兹纳(Metzner)常数是计算非牛顿流体的搅拌功率时必须的基础数据。在广泛收集资料的基础上，通过分析建立了在不同雷诺数、不同搅拌桨条件下计算Metzner常数的公式库。在给出体系物性和操作条件时，本文开发的系统可以自动选择合适的公式并计算Metzner常数。
3．悬浮法是工业生产聚氯乙烯的最主要的方法。氯乙烯悬浮聚合釜设计具有釜容积大，对传热要求高，设计放大条件复杂等特点。通过收集并分析整理氯乙烯悬浮聚合釜设计的数据和资料，确立了氯乙烯悬浮聚合釜设计放大自动化计算的一般步骤，建立了氯乙烯悬浮聚合釜设计的专业设计模块，对设计结果按体系单位体积功耗最小为目标进行了优化。实现了80m~3以下氯乙烯悬浮聚合釜设计的自动化。
4．乳液聚合具有体系的粘度低，易于传热和混合，生产容易控制等优点在工
浙江大学硕士学位论文
业上应用广泛。乳液聚合釜设计放大条件复杂，本文在收集并分析整理了乳液聚
合釜设计的数据和资料的基础上，确立了乳液聚合釜设计放大自动化计算的一般
步骤，建立了乳液聚合聚合釜设计的专业设计模块。对设计结果按体系单位体积
功耗最小为目标进行了优化。实现了乳液聚合釜设计的自动化。
5.对原型系统的人机交互界面进行了改进，使系统和用户可以更友善的交
流。对有关模块的结构进行了调整，使新增加的模块和数据库与原系统整合为一
体。采用积木式设计思想的功能模块添加方法，为该软件的进一步完善、提高提
供途径。
本文通过对大量知识和数据的收集整理，对原型系统的知识库进行了大规模
的扩充。对系统的结构和功能进行了完善，添加了新的模块，系统的应用范围更
广，人机交互界面更友善。相对与原型系统具有了一定的实用意义，今后可以进
一步扩充完善使系统的功能更完善。
Agitated vessels are widely used in various industries. But in the design of agitated vessels, many problems could not be analyzed, modeled and solved by conventional mathematical methods. It has greatly limited the application of computer in the design of agitated vessel, which is mostly depended on the experience of experts. Therefore, the automatic design of agitator vessel is unsolved. There is a new way to break the bar by using expert system technology to solve this problem.
Intelligence Computer-Aid Design of mixing equipments system (MIXiCAD) is developed by Zhejiang University includes bellow: selection of agitated vessel, chemical engineering design, detailed machine design, economy analysis and machine painting etc. This thesis precedes the enlargement of the function to the prototype system and perfect with the structure in system partly. In a specific way the main result that obtain is as follows:
1. While designing agitated vessels, the heat transfer problem should be considered seriously for insureing the reaction heat could be removed away to maintain suitable temperature in the reactor to ensure the product is good. This thesis studied the heat transfer process of agitated vessels systemically and analysis the calculation method of heat transfer in agitated vessels. Two Nu knowledge bases are estimated correspond to the feed in vessel and cool-water in the jacket and coil for calculation of heat transfer coefficient. Realize the automatic calculation of the heat transfer of Agitated vessels.
2. Metzner constant is the basic data that apply to the evaluation of Mixing Power of non-Newtonian fluid. A database of Metzner constant is built up which can be applied to different Re constant and different impellers conditions by analysis the extensive collected data. Realize the automatic calculation of Metzner constant.
3. Suspension polymerization is the main way in industrial production of PVC. The design of it has those characters: huge volume, high demand of heat transfer,
magnify complexly and etc. A professional module of PVC vessel design is. built up by analysis the extensive collected data. Realize the computer-aid design of PVC vessel. The result is optimum for minimum power consumption.
4. Emulsion has those characters: low viscosity, heat transfer and mixing easily, controllable etc. magnify emulsion vessel is complexly. A professional module of Emulsion vessel design is built up by analysis the extensive collected data. Realize the computer-aid design of emulsion vessel. The result is optimum for minimum power consumption.
5. Hand over to interface of the prototype system; making system can communicate with customer more friendly. By adjusting the construction of the relevant module made new module and database integrative with original system as a whole.The new function module could be added by "building blocks" design method . in order to perfect the software easily.
The prototype system was expanded largely on the base of abundant collected data and knowledge in this thesis. The configuration of system is perfected, new module is added, the ability of system is enhanced, and interface is changed more friendly. It is a stable base for prefect and expand in the future.
引文
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