基于供应链竞争的扰动应对策略研究
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摘要
在近几十年中,随着供应链管理理论研究的不断发展,使供应链管理的研究受到越来越多的学术研究者和实际工作者的重视,相关理论成果的应用也为供应链相关成员带来了显著的经济效益。随着全球经济竞争的不断加剧,突发事件的频繁发生给企业和供应链管理造成了巨大的影响,企业界和学术界都意识到了供应链突发事件应对策略研究的重要性。因此,考虑由于外界因素引起供应链发生扰动的情况下,研究供应链的扰动应对策略具有重大的现实意义。
本文首先从供应链链内竞争入手,建立了供应链链内竞争模型,并通过对分布式决策和集中式决策的比较,得出在集中式决策下供应链能获得最大收益的结论,进一步,在整体供应链获得最大利润的情况下,通过全单位数量折扣契约,解决了最大利润如何在供应链内各成员间分配问题。在分析链内竞争问题的基础上,建立了供应链链际竞争模型,利用供应链链内竞争的分析方式,得到集成化决策下供应链获得最大利润时的价格、产量和最大利润函数表达式,并分析了如何提升供应链的竞争优势。
然后,本文在供应链链际竞争模型的基础上,研究了需求发生扰动后,供应链应对策略。通过需求扰动对供应链的影响分析,建立了供应链链际竞争的需求扰动模型,根据扰动的不同程度,制定了相应的需求扰动应对策略。进一步,通过数量折扣契约建立了需求发生扰动后,供应链应急管理的协调策略,把原有策略与协调后策略进行了对比,比较结果说明了在需求发生扰动后,采取协调策略的必要性。
其次,本文针对成本为产量的凸函数情形下的需求扰动问题,建立了相应的需求扰动模型,研究需求扰动的不同程度下,供应链相应的需求扰动应对策略。研究发现,无论成本是生产数量的凸函数还是线性函数。在需求扰动发生后,零售商在市场的零售价格总是需要及时作出调整,而供应商的生产计划不一定需要发生改变的经济现象。进一步,通过数量折扣契约建立了扰动后应急管理策略的协调机制,把原有策略与协调后策略进行了对比分析,说明了协调策略的有效性。
再次,针对成本扰动的问题,建立了成本扰动的供应链链际竞争模型。分析了成本扰动对供应链管理的影响,根据成本扰动的不同程度,研究了当成本发生扰动时,如何设计新的生产计划和新的供应链应对策略的问题。研究发现,不管成本如何扰动,最优的零售价格和最优的生产数量总是正的,而且当扰动较小时,最优零售价和最优的生产数量保持不变。只有当生产成本的扰动充分大的时候,原生产计划和零售价都会进行相应的调整,供应链才能获得更多的利润。进一步,分析了不同扰动程度下,相应的扰动应对策略。
最后,通过具体的数值仿真和实证分析,说明了在干扰性事件发生后,采取实时应对策略能减少干扰性事件给供应链带来的损失,使供应链获得更多的利润,也进一步说明了在发生突发事件后,采取应对策略的重要性。
In recent decades, along with the development of supply chain management, the research on supply chain management has caught great attention from theoretical and realistical areas. The application of related theories has brought great economic rewards to supply chain members. One of the aims of supply chain coordination is to coordinate the supply chain and gain more profits. Disruption management plays an important role in supply chain coordination. Due to the increasing gloabal competition, frequent occurrence of disruptions greatly affected the coordination of supply chains. Both business and theory circle have realized the importance of supply chain disruption management. As a result, it is significant to study supply chain coordination under disruption.
Firstly, from the perspective of inner chain competition, the competition model within a supply chain is established, by comparing centralized and de-centralized decision, the optimum revenue of supply chain under centralized decision mode is achieved. Whole-sale discount contract is introduced to sovle the problem of profit allocation. Afterwards, on the basis of analyzing competition between supply chains, competition model between supply chains is established. Under the assumption of centralized decision, the price, product amount and profit are solved; the methods to improve competition advantage are pointed out.
Afterwards, based on inner chain competition, this paper discusses the strategies after disruption. By analyzing the influence of disruptions on supply chain, demand disruption model is established. According to the extent of distruption, the strategies are devided into4types. Furthermore, the coordination effect of amount discont contract is analyzed. Finally, original strategy and coordinated strategy is compared to explain the necessity of disruption management.
Then, under the assumption of convex cost function, responding model is constructed. According to the extent of demand disruption, discussion is performed from4aspects; disruption response strategy is put forward. Through the research, we find that no matter production function is linear or convex, under demand disruption; the price of retailor must be changed, while supplier's production plan may remain the same. Amount discount contract is adopted to construct the coordination mechanism. Finally, strategies are compared.
Furthermore, considering the cost disruption in supply chain, corresponding supply chain vs supply chain competition model is established. According to the extent of cost disruption, we discuss the disruption coordination strategy from4aspects. The result shows no matter how cost changes, the retailor price and production amount always be positive, when disruption is small, optimum retail price and production amount remain the same. Under the condition of sufficient disruption, both original production plan and retail price need to be adjusted in order to achieve more profit. The situation is devided into4scenery and their coordination strategies.
Finally, numerical simulations are used to illustrate how the strategies reduce the influence of disruption on supply chain loss and increase the profit of supply chain. Besides, the numeric example also shows the necessity of adopting strategies to cope with disruption.
本文首先从供应链链内竞争入手,建立了供应链链内竞争模型,并通过对分布式决策和集中式决策的比较,得出在集中式决策下供应链能获得最大收益的结论,进一步,在整体供应链获得最大利润的情况下,通过全单位数量折扣契约,解决了最大利润如何在供应链内各成员间分配问题。在分析链内竞争问题的基础上,建立了供应链链际竞争模型,利用供应链链内竞争的分析方式,得到集成化决策下供应链获得最大利润时的价格、产量和最大利润函数表达式,并分析了如何提升供应链的竞争优势。
然后,本文在供应链链际竞争模型的基础上,研究了需求发生扰动后,供应链应对策略。通过需求扰动对供应链的影响分析,建立了供应链链际竞争的需求扰动模型,根据扰动的不同程度,制定了相应的需求扰动应对策略。进一步,通过数量折扣契约建立了需求发生扰动后,供应链应急管理的协调策略,把原有策略与协调后策略进行了对比,比较结果说明了在需求发生扰动后,采取协调策略的必要性。
其次,本文针对成本为产量的凸函数情形下的需求扰动问题,建立了相应的需求扰动模型,研究需求扰动的不同程度下,供应链相应的需求扰动应对策略。研究发现,无论成本是生产数量的凸函数还是线性函数。在需求扰动发生后,零售商在市场的零售价格总是需要及时作出调整,而供应商的生产计划不一定需要发生改变的经济现象。进一步,通过数量折扣契约建立了扰动后应急管理策略的协调机制,把原有策略与协调后策略进行了对比分析,说明了协调策略的有效性。
再次,针对成本扰动的问题,建立了成本扰动的供应链链际竞争模型。分析了成本扰动对供应链管理的影响,根据成本扰动的不同程度,研究了当成本发生扰动时,如何设计新的生产计划和新的供应链应对策略的问题。研究发现,不管成本如何扰动,最优的零售价格和最优的生产数量总是正的,而且当扰动较小时,最优零售价和最优的生产数量保持不变。只有当生产成本的扰动充分大的时候,原生产计划和零售价都会进行相应的调整,供应链才能获得更多的利润。进一步,分析了不同扰动程度下,相应的扰动应对策略。
最后,通过具体的数值仿真和实证分析,说明了在干扰性事件发生后,采取实时应对策略能减少干扰性事件给供应链带来的损失,使供应链获得更多的利润,也进一步说明了在发生突发事件后,采取应对策略的重要性。
In recent decades, along with the development of supply chain management, the research on supply chain management has caught great attention from theoretical and realistical areas. The application of related theories has brought great economic rewards to supply chain members. One of the aims of supply chain coordination is to coordinate the supply chain and gain more profits. Disruption management plays an important role in supply chain coordination. Due to the increasing gloabal competition, frequent occurrence of disruptions greatly affected the coordination of supply chains. Both business and theory circle have realized the importance of supply chain disruption management. As a result, it is significant to study supply chain coordination under disruption.
Firstly, from the perspective of inner chain competition, the competition model within a supply chain is established, by comparing centralized and de-centralized decision, the optimum revenue of supply chain under centralized decision mode is achieved. Whole-sale discount contract is introduced to sovle the problem of profit allocation. Afterwards, on the basis of analyzing competition between supply chains, competition model between supply chains is established. Under the assumption of centralized decision, the price, product amount and profit are solved; the methods to improve competition advantage are pointed out.
Afterwards, based on inner chain competition, this paper discusses the strategies after disruption. By analyzing the influence of disruptions on supply chain, demand disruption model is established. According to the extent of distruption, the strategies are devided into4types. Furthermore, the coordination effect of amount discont contract is analyzed. Finally, original strategy and coordinated strategy is compared to explain the necessity of disruption management.
Then, under the assumption of convex cost function, responding model is constructed. According to the extent of demand disruption, discussion is performed from4aspects; disruption response strategy is put forward. Through the research, we find that no matter production function is linear or convex, under demand disruption; the price of retailor must be changed, while supplier's production plan may remain the same. Amount discount contract is adopted to construct the coordination mechanism. Finally, strategies are compared.
Furthermore, considering the cost disruption in supply chain, corresponding supply chain vs supply chain competition model is established. According to the extent of cost disruption, we discuss the disruption coordination strategy from4aspects. The result shows no matter how cost changes, the retailor price and production amount always be positive, when disruption is small, optimum retail price and production amount remain the same. Under the condition of sufficient disruption, both original production plan and retail price need to be adjusted in order to achieve more profit. The situation is devided into4scenery and their coordination strategies.
Finally, numerical simulations are used to illustrate how the strategies reduce the influence of disruption on supply chain loss and increase the profit of supply chain. Besides, the numeric example also shows the necessity of adopting strategies to cope with disruption.
引文
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