Y7125型磨齿机动态特性研究
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摘要
机床动态特性的研究作为对机床进行分析的重要组成部分日益受到重视，也成为各国学者的一个重要研究方向。Y7125型磨齿机是一种典型的大平面砂轮磨齿机，为了提高其工作效率和加工精度，本课题组已经对其进行了大量研究工作，本文在前期的研究基础上对机床进行了动态特性分析，得出了一些重要结论和数据，为整机动力学分析打下了基础。本文的主要工作如下：
首先，砂轮主轴的模态分析。模态分析是动力学分析的基础，各主要部件模态的提取是整机动力学分析必不可少的数据。模态分析分析中，主要依据弹性力学与有限元的基本理论，在大型有限元软件(ANSYS 5.7)的平台上，建立了砂轮主轴模型，用“子空间”法提取了砂轮主轴的四阶模态，得出了其主振型和主振频率。
太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文
其次，机床主传动系统运动学分析和仿真。这一部分得出
了机床瞬时速度、加速度等重要数据，这些数据是分析机床在
动态下是否存在振动的依据。为获取这些数据，本文建立了主
传动机构的运动学模型，推导了误差公式。分析中，采用“牛
顿一辛普森”方法，运用MATLAB数值分析软件对非线性运动
方程进行了求解，并利用MATLAB的仿真软件包“sIMI几INK，，
建立了运动和误差仿真模型，得出了主传动系统仿真图和误差
仿真图，并对结果进行了详细讨论。
第三，磨削力是动力学瞬态响应(如谐响应分析和谱分析)
的重要数据，但由于磨削加工的特殊性，磨削力又与很多磨削
参数有关，具体数值很难通过直接计算得出，本文在传动力学
的仿真数据的基础上，对磨削力进行了初步研究，总结出了磨
削力的变化规律。
The dynamical property, an important research direction, has attracted more attentions from the worldwide scientists and technologists. Y7125 gear grinder is a typical big-plane gear grinding machine. To improve its efficiency and precision in gear grinding, our group have done a lot of researches on it. Based on the former researches, this paper applies the dynamical property analysis to this machine, and has obtained some important data and conclusions. All these are beneficial to further dynamical researches on the whole machine. This paper is organized as follows:
Firstly, the modal analysis on Y7125 gear grinder spindle is made. Modal analysis is the basis of dynamics, extracting the
modal of the main parts can't absence in dynamical analysis. According to the theory of elastic mechanics and finite element method (FEM), the model of Y7125 gear grinder spindle is built using ANSYS5.7 (a kind of FEM analysis software). Using "subspace" Method, the main four stages modal of the spindle was extracted, and the natural vibration frequencies were provided. The deformation figures along with a large amount of data were also obtained here.
Secondly, the kinetic simulated and error analysis on the main drive system of this machine were made, and the velocity and accelerated velocity was obtained. Using these data, we can judge if the machine will vibrate or not in dynamic condition. To obtain these data, the kinetic model of the main drive system was built and the error formula was deduced. In the analytic process, based on the "Newton-Simpson" theory, MATLAB (a kind of numerical analysis program) was used to solve the nonlinear equations. With the "Simulink" program of MATLAB, the kinetic simulation model and error simulation model was built, and the simulated figures of the kinetic mechanism were given. The results obtained
IV
and their compatibility is also discussed in detail.
Thirdly, the law of change in the grinding force is summed up. The grinding forces are the important data of the temporal response of dynamics (such as resonance and spectrum analysis). But because of the peculiarity of grinding machining, the grinding force is closely related to many grinding parameters, difficult to be directly calculated. Based on the simulated data of driving mechanics, the grinding forces are analyzed.
首先，砂轮主轴的模态分析。模态分析是动力学分析的基础，各主要部件模态的提取是整机动力学分析必不可少的数据。模态分析分析中，主要依据弹性力学与有限元的基本理论，在大型有限元软件(ANSYS 5.7)的平台上，建立了砂轮主轴模型，用“子空间”法提取了砂轮主轴的四阶模态，得出了其主振型和主振频率。
太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文
其次，机床主传动系统运动学分析和仿真。这一部分得出
了机床瞬时速度、加速度等重要数据，这些数据是分析机床在
动态下是否存在振动的依据。为获取这些数据，本文建立了主
传动机构的运动学模型，推导了误差公式。分析中，采用“牛
顿一辛普森”方法，运用MATLAB数值分析软件对非线性运动
方程进行了求解，并利用MATLAB的仿真软件包“sIMI几INK，，
建立了运动和误差仿真模型，得出了主传动系统仿真图和误差
仿真图，并对结果进行了详细讨论。
第三，磨削力是动力学瞬态响应(如谐响应分析和谱分析)
的重要数据，但由于磨削加工的特殊性，磨削力又与很多磨削
参数有关，具体数值很难通过直接计算得出，本文在传动力学
的仿真数据的基础上，对磨削力进行了初步研究，总结出了磨
削力的变化规律。
The dynamical property, an important research direction, has attracted more attentions from the worldwide scientists and technologists. Y7125 gear grinder is a typical big-plane gear grinding machine. To improve its efficiency and precision in gear grinding, our group have done a lot of researches on it. Based on the former researches, this paper applies the dynamical property analysis to this machine, and has obtained some important data and conclusions. All these are beneficial to further dynamical researches on the whole machine. This paper is organized as follows:
Firstly, the modal analysis on Y7125 gear grinder spindle is made. Modal analysis is the basis of dynamics, extracting the
modal of the main parts can't absence in dynamical analysis. According to the theory of elastic mechanics and finite element method (FEM), the model of Y7125 gear grinder spindle is built using ANSYS5.7 (a kind of FEM analysis software). Using "subspace" Method, the main four stages modal of the spindle was extracted, and the natural vibration frequencies were provided. The deformation figures along with a large amount of data were also obtained here.
Secondly, the kinetic simulated and error analysis on the main drive system of this machine were made, and the velocity and accelerated velocity was obtained. Using these data, we can judge if the machine will vibrate or not in dynamic condition. To obtain these data, the kinetic model of the main drive system was built and the error formula was deduced. In the analytic process, based on the "Newton-Simpson" theory, MATLAB (a kind of numerical analysis program) was used to solve the nonlinear equations. With the "Simulink" program of MATLAB, the kinetic simulation model and error simulation model was built, and the simulated figures of the kinetic mechanism were given. The results obtained
IV
and their compatibility is also discussed in detail.
Thirdly, the law of change in the grinding force is summed up. The grinding forces are the important data of the temporal response of dynamics (such as resonance and spectrum analysis). But because of the peculiarity of grinding machining, the grinding force is closely related to many grinding parameters, difficult to be directly calculated. Based on the simulated data of driving mechanics, the grinding forces are analyzed.
引文
[1] 李伯民，赵波等编，实用磨削技术，北京，机械工业出版社，1996
[2] 张跃峰，陈通编，Autocad 2002 入门与提高，北京，清华大学出版社，2001(软件入门与提高丛书)
[3] 夸克工作室编著，有限元分析基础篇ANSYS与Mathmatica，清华大学出版社，2002年
[4] 郭文亮等，高精度直齿插齿刀造型的数学分析和磨齿方法，计算机在机械工业中的应用国际会议，上海，1992年
[5] 刘涛，杨凤鹏主篇，精通ANSYS，北京，清华大学出版社，2002
[6] 西安交通大学机制教研室，磨齿工作原理，机械工业出版社，1977
[7] 张涌等编著，精通MATLAB 6.5版，北京，北京航空航天大学出版社，2003．3
[9] 郑焕文，蔡光起，近十年国内外磨削科技的新进展，磨料磨具与磨削，1992(1)
[10] 陈章燕，外圆平面磨削力的计算和应用，磨床与磨削 1992(4)
[11] 陈章燕，内圆磨削力的计算和应用，磨床与磨削 1991(3)
[12] 刘国庆，杨庆东编著，ANSYS工程应用教程—机械篇，北京，中国铁道出版社，2003
[13] 吴大任，骆家舜著，齿轮啮合理论，科学出版社，1985年
[14] 徐芝纶编著，弹性力学，北京，人民教育出版社，1979年
[15] 四川机械工业局编著，齿轮刀具设计理论基础，北京，机械工业出
版社，1982年
[16] 王先奎编著，机械制造工艺学，北京，清华大学出版社，1990
[17] 李祥林，薛万夫，张日升编著，振动切削及其在机械加工中的应用，北京，北京科学技术出版社，1985．5
[18] 黄奇葵，工程陶瓷的磨削力研究／汤林波，磨料磨具与磨削，1991(2)
[19] Y7125磨齿及说明书秦川机床厂
[20] 王军，三峡垂直升船机主传动系统动力学建模与仿真，武汉大学，2001
[21] 袁哲俊，齿轮刀具设计(上册)， 新时代出版社，1987年
[22] 刘文成，金属切学加工过程的有限元分析， 浙江大学，2002
[23] 胡海昌，弹性力学变分原理及其应用，科学出版社，1981
[24] Lajczok M R, A study of some aspects of metal cutting by the finite element method, NC State University, 1980, 1-20
[25] Gu D Y, Wager J G, New Evidence on the Contact Zone in Grinding—Contact Length, Sliding and Cutting Regions, Annals of the CIRP, 1988,37(1), 335～333
[26] Gu D Y.Wager J G, Further Evidence on the Contact Zone in surface grinding Annals of the CIRP, 1990,39(1)
[27] Rowe WB, An Advanced in the Modeling of thermal Effects in Grinding Process, Annals of the CIRP,1991,40(1)
[28] John F.Gardner, Simulations of Machines Using MATALAB and simulink 2002
[29] Rowe W B,etal, The Effect of Deformation on the Contact area in grinding, Annals of the CIRP, 1993,42(1)
[30] Li Bomin, Zhao Bo, International grinding characteristic an'ysis of engineering ceramics,第11th ICP 论文集，机械工业出版社, Taler and
Franics, 1991
[31] Onmori H,etal, Mirror Surfurface Grinding OF Silicon Wafers With Electrolytic In-process Dressing, Annals of the CIRP, 1990,39(1)
[32] Goodwin G C, Payne RL. Dynamic System Identification,Experiment Design and Data Analysis. New York: Academic Press,1977
[33] Chien K N, Yang G P, Wang X, Yang H H. A System Approach to the Dynamic Charicteristics of Hydrostatic Beatings Used on Machine Tools. Int. MTDR, 1981:20v
[2] 张跃峰，陈通编，Autocad 2002 入门与提高，北京，清华大学出版社，2001(软件入门与提高丛书)
[3] 夸克工作室编著，有限元分析基础篇ANSYS与Mathmatica，清华大学出版社，2002年
[4] 郭文亮等，高精度直齿插齿刀造型的数学分析和磨齿方法，计算机在机械工业中的应用国际会议，上海，1992年
[5] 刘涛，杨凤鹏主篇，精通ANSYS，北京，清华大学出版社，2002
[6] 西安交通大学机制教研室，磨齿工作原理，机械工业出版社，1977
[7] 张涌等编著，精通MATLAB 6.5版，北京，北京航空航天大学出版社，2003．3
[9] 郑焕文，蔡光起，近十年国内外磨削科技的新进展，磨料磨具与磨削，1992(1)
[10] 陈章燕，外圆平面磨削力的计算和应用，磨床与磨削 1992(4)
[11] 陈章燕，内圆磨削力的计算和应用，磨床与磨削 1991(3)
[12] 刘国庆，杨庆东编著，ANSYS工程应用教程—机械篇，北京，中国铁道出版社，2003
[13] 吴大任，骆家舜著，齿轮啮合理论，科学出版社，1985年
[14] 徐芝纶编著，弹性力学，北京，人民教育出版社，1979年
[15] 四川机械工业局编著，齿轮刀具设计理论基础，北京，机械工业出
版社，1982年
[16] 王先奎编著，机械制造工艺学，北京，清华大学出版社，1990
[17] 李祥林，薛万夫，张日升编著，振动切削及其在机械加工中的应用，北京，北京科学技术出版社，1985．5
[18] 黄奇葵，工程陶瓷的磨削力研究／汤林波，磨料磨具与磨削，1991(2)
[19] Y7125磨齿及说明书秦川机床厂
[20] 王军，三峡垂直升船机主传动系统动力学建模与仿真，武汉大学，2001
[21] 袁哲俊，齿轮刀具设计(上册)， 新时代出版社，1987年
[22] 刘文成，金属切学加工过程的有限元分析， 浙江大学，2002
[23] 胡海昌，弹性力学变分原理及其应用，科学出版社，1981
[24] Lajczok M R, A study of some aspects of metal cutting by the finite element method, NC State University, 1980, 1-20
[25] Gu D Y, Wager J G, New Evidence on the Contact Zone in Grinding—Contact Length, Sliding and Cutting Regions, Annals of the CIRP, 1988,37(1), 335～333
[26] Gu D Y.Wager J G, Further Evidence on the Contact Zone in surface grinding Annals of the CIRP, 1990,39(1)
[27] Rowe WB, An Advanced in the Modeling of thermal Effects in Grinding Process, Annals of the CIRP,1991,40(1)
[28] John F.Gardner, Simulations of Machines Using MATALAB and simulink 2002
[29] Rowe W B,etal, The Effect of Deformation on the Contact area in grinding, Annals of the CIRP, 1993,42(1)
[30] Li Bomin, Zhao Bo, International grinding characteristic an'ysis of engineering ceramics,第11th ICP 论文集，机械工业出版社, Taler and
Franics, 1991
[31] Onmori H,etal, Mirror Surfurface Grinding OF Silicon Wafers With Electrolytic In-process Dressing, Annals of the CIRP, 1990,39(1)
[32] Goodwin G C, Payne RL. Dynamic System Identification,Experiment Design and Data Analysis. New York: Academic Press,1977
[33] Chien K N, Yang G P, Wang X, Yang H H. A System Approach to the Dynamic Charicteristics of Hydrostatic Beatings Used on Machine Tools. Int. MTDR, 1981:20v