外部创新搜寻对企业产品创新绩效的影响研究
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摘要
随着封闭式创新向开放式创新的转变,外部知识对于企业的创新绩效越来越重要。本文从创新搜寻的视角研究了企业如何能更好地获取及利用创新所需要的外部知识,并通过对中国133家企业的实证研究证实了不同外部创新搜寻类型对企业产品创新绩效的具体影响以及环境动态性在其中的调节作用,从而拓展和深化了企业创新和创新搜寻理论。
在已有研究的基础上,本文对创新搜寻的概念框架进行了深化和拓展,基于外部知识的新旧属性区分了外部新知识与外部旧知识,并结合搜寻宽度和搜寻深度构建了四个基本概念：外部新知识搜寻宽度、外部旧知识搜寻宽度、外部新知识搜寻深度、外部旧知识搜寻深度,进而分析这四种外部搜寻对企业产品创新绩效的具体影响。实证结果表明,外部新知识搜寻宽度对企业产品创新绩效有积极的影响,而外部旧知识搜寻宽度对企业产品创新绩效没有显著的促进作用,外部新知识搜寻深度对企业产品创新绩效有显著的促进作用,而外部旧知识搜寻深度对企业产品创新绩效没有显著影响。此外,外部旧知识搜寻宽度和外部旧知识搜寻深度的交互对企业产品创新绩效具有显著的促进作用,而外部新知识搜寻宽度和外部新知识搜寻深度的交互对企业产品创新绩效没有显著的促进作用。
本文还更进一步地研究了环境动态性在这四种外部创新搜寻与企业产品创新绩效关系间的调节作用。实证结果表明,环境动态性对外部新知识搜寻深度与企业产品创新绩效间关系具有负向调节作用,对外部旧知识搜寻深度与企业产品创新绩效间关系具有正向调节作用,而对外部新知识搜寻宽度以及外部旧知识搜寻宽度与企业产品创新绩效间关系均不具有调节作用。
As the shift from "closed" innovation to "open" innovation, external knowledge is more and more important for innovation performance of enterprises. This dissertation examines how firms can better obtain and make use of external knowledge that is essential to innovations from the theoretical perspective of innovative search. The empirical evidence of 133 Chinese firms confirmed that different external search strategies of innovation have different effects on firms' product innovation performance and the moderating role of environmental dynamism. This study helps to expand and deepen existing study of innovation and innovative search.
First of all, on the basis of the existing research, this dissertation deepens and expands the conceptual framework of innovative search. By distinguishing external new knowledge and external old knowledge and combining these types of knowledge with search breadth and search depth, this dissertation builds four basic concepts: search breadth of external new knowledge, search breadth of external old knowledge, search depth of external new knowledge and search depth of external old knowledge. The different influences on firms'product innovation are further revealed. The empirical results show that search breadth of external new knowledge and search depth of external new knowledge have a positive impact on firms'product innovation, while search breadth of external old knowledge and search depth of external old knowledge play no significant role in promoting firms'product innovation. The data also exhibit the interaction of search breadth and depth for external old knowledge has a positive effect on firms'product innovation, while the interaction of search breadth and depth for external new knowledge has no significant influence on firms'product innovation.
Secondly, this dissertation further examines how environmental dynamism moderates the relationship between these four external search strategies and firms' product innovation, such that, all else being the same, the relationship is positive at higher levels and negative at lower levels of dynamism. The empirical results show that search depth of external new knowledge is found to be negatively associated with product innovation in more-dynamic environments, while search depth of external old knowledge is found to be positively associated with product innovation. In addition, environmental dynamism plays no significant moderating role in the relationship between search breadth of external knowledge (including new knowledge and old knowledge) and product innovation of firms.
在已有研究的基础上,本文对创新搜寻的概念框架进行了深化和拓展,基于外部知识的新旧属性区分了外部新知识与外部旧知识,并结合搜寻宽度和搜寻深度构建了四个基本概念：外部新知识搜寻宽度、外部旧知识搜寻宽度、外部新知识搜寻深度、外部旧知识搜寻深度,进而分析这四种外部搜寻对企业产品创新绩效的具体影响。实证结果表明,外部新知识搜寻宽度对企业产品创新绩效有积极的影响,而外部旧知识搜寻宽度对企业产品创新绩效没有显著的促进作用,外部新知识搜寻深度对企业产品创新绩效有显著的促进作用,而外部旧知识搜寻深度对企业产品创新绩效没有显著影响。此外,外部旧知识搜寻宽度和外部旧知识搜寻深度的交互对企业产品创新绩效具有显著的促进作用,而外部新知识搜寻宽度和外部新知识搜寻深度的交互对企业产品创新绩效没有显著的促进作用。
本文还更进一步地研究了环境动态性在这四种外部创新搜寻与企业产品创新绩效关系间的调节作用。实证结果表明,环境动态性对外部新知识搜寻深度与企业产品创新绩效间关系具有负向调节作用,对外部旧知识搜寻深度与企业产品创新绩效间关系具有正向调节作用,而对外部新知识搜寻宽度以及外部旧知识搜寻宽度与企业产品创新绩效间关系均不具有调节作用。
As the shift from "closed" innovation to "open" innovation, external knowledge is more and more important for innovation performance of enterprises. This dissertation examines how firms can better obtain and make use of external knowledge that is essential to innovations from the theoretical perspective of innovative search. The empirical evidence of 133 Chinese firms confirmed that different external search strategies of innovation have different effects on firms' product innovation performance and the moderating role of environmental dynamism. This study helps to expand and deepen existing study of innovation and innovative search.
First of all, on the basis of the existing research, this dissertation deepens and expands the conceptual framework of innovative search. By distinguishing external new knowledge and external old knowledge and combining these types of knowledge with search breadth and search depth, this dissertation builds four basic concepts: search breadth of external new knowledge, search breadth of external old knowledge, search depth of external new knowledge and search depth of external old knowledge. The different influences on firms'product innovation are further revealed. The empirical results show that search breadth of external new knowledge and search depth of external new knowledge have a positive impact on firms'product innovation, while search breadth of external old knowledge and search depth of external old knowledge play no significant role in promoting firms'product innovation. The data also exhibit the interaction of search breadth and depth for external old knowledge has a positive effect on firms'product innovation, while the interaction of search breadth and depth for external new knowledge has no significant influence on firms'product innovation.
Secondly, this dissertation further examines how environmental dynamism moderates the relationship between these four external search strategies and firms' product innovation, such that, all else being the same, the relationship is positive at higher levels and negative at lower levels of dynamism. The empirical results show that search depth of external new knowledge is found to be negatively associated with product innovation in more-dynamic environments, while search depth of external old knowledge is found to be positively associated with product innovation. In addition, environmental dynamism plays no significant moderating role in the relationship between search breadth of external knowledge (including new knowledge and old knowledge) and product innovation of firms.
引文
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