光折变晶体中高密度全息存储热固定技术的研究
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摘要
信息科学技术的高速发展对信息存储技术提出了更高的要求。体全息存储是一种适合高密度数据存储的光学存储技术，它同时具有存储密度高、数据传输率高、数据搜索时间短等优势。近年来，在提高数据存储密度、存取速度以及存储器性能等方面，已经取得了重大的研究进展。光折变晶体中的非易失性存储(长期保存和无损读出)问题，已成为高密度全息存储技术能否实用化的关键问题之一。本论文工作目的是研究光折变晶体中高密度全息存储的分批热固定技术及系统。
本论文分析比较了同时记录补偿和记录后补偿这两种基本热固定方法各自的特点，并且依据所在研究组独立提出的分批热固定的概念，研究了高密度全息存储的分批热固定方法及其流程。
本论文深入研究了分批存储定影过程中电子和离子在光照和高温作用下的动态特点，全面描述了全息图写入过程中的两种光擦除作用以及高温热定影过程中的补偿和平滑机制。依据Yariv的理论分析方法，理论描述了记录光对已定影的全息图的部分显影作用，据此首次提出用于量度离子补偿后的电子光栅光擦除效应的批间光擦除时间常数τF，并设计实验测得了批间光擦除时间常数τF。实验测出的多重全息光栅的各批间光擦除时间常数τF远大于每批内光栅间的擦除时间常数τE，与理论预期一致。并且依据上述两种光擦除时间常数，为分批存储热固定多重全息图的等衍射效率记录设计了曝光时序。
为了定量描述多重全息存储的分批热固定方法在提高存储容量上的优势，针对分批存储热固定技术，定义了光折变晶体的最大分批动态范围参量M _(max batch)~#，并且提出以有效动态范围参量M_(eff)~#评价系统存储能力。对不同分批存储固定的有效动态范围进行了计算比较。结果表明，采用多重全息存储的单次热固定技术，在实现非易失性多重全息存储同时，不可避免地降低了系统存储能力；而采用适当分批存储热固定技术，可以在实现非易失性存储的前提下提高原存储系统的存储能力。并且依据此研究结果进一步研究了最优分批方案问题。
北京工业大学理学博士学位论文
一
计算比较了以不同分批数存储热固定的多重全息图的衍射效率。结果表明，
采用分批存储热固定技术，所分的批次数越多，经等衍射效率曝光时序记录后的
全息图最终达到的等衍射效率值越高，并且所有全息图的写入曝光时间值越接
近。由于采用分批存储热固定技术，适当均化了所有全息图的曝光时间并缩短了
总曝光时间，从而可以降低噪声强度并提高全息图存储容量。
研制了包括在线与离线小型精密温控加热装置、晶体夹持器和角度——分维复
用光学读写系统等主要部分的高密度全息存储的热固定系统，该系统操作灵活并
具有实用性，其存储能力不少于 10000幅全息图。
在 Icm3晶体中完成了单点分批存储热固定 1000幅全息图与单点单次热固定
1000幅全息图的比较实验，并且采用信噪比损失系数 LSNR描述不同次数热定影
对图像质量的影响。实验结果表明，与单次存储热固定结果比较，分批存储热固
定的多重全息图具有显著增高的衍射效率和图像保真度。证实了分批存储热固定
是实现高衍射效率和高图像质量的高密度全息存储的优选方案。
本论文综合研究结果表明，采用分批存储热固定技术固定存储的多重全息图
具有较高的衍射效率、良好的图像质量、较长的寿命，可以无破坏性读出。采用
分批热固定技术可以充分利用光折变晶体材料的存储潜力，更适合于大规模全息
图的存储固定。
The high demand is placed on data storage technology as the information science and technology has been developed more and more rapidly in the last decade years. The holographic storage is one of the most promising optical storage technologies for high-density dada storage. The ability to store multiple holograms within a small volume of a storage material and to retrieve data pages with thousands of bits in parallel provides an attractive combination of high density and fast speed. While many parts of this technology have made good progress (such as increasing data storage density, reducing access time, improving performances of photorefractive memories, and the like), the volatility of the stored data in photorefractive materials has become serious obstacle to the practical realization of photorefractive holographic memories.
In the thesis, the technical process of batch thermal fixing for high-density holographic storage in photorefractive materials has been proposed based on the comparison between the two basic schemes of thermal fixing, post-recording fixing and fixing while recording. The dynamic behaviors of both electrons and irons in the case of light illumination and elevated temperature are analyzed, and hereby the optical erasure effect of subsequent recording light on fixed electronic gratings and the thermal erasure effect of subsequent heating on revealed ionic gratings are presented. According to theoretical model given by A. Yariv, the partial revealing effect of subsequent recording light on fixed holograms has been described, and accordingly inter-batch optical erasure time constant, F, is proposed to evaluate the optical erasure to electronic gratings compensated by ions. The special experiment for measuring the parameter F is designed and performed. The experimental result shows that inter-batch optical erasure time constant, F, is much longer than intra-batch optical erasure time constant, E, which agrees well with the theoretical prediction. Furthermore, the exposure schedule for recording holograms with equalized diffraction efficiency is designed based on the above-mentioned optical erasure time constants.
The parameter M#max_balch termed as dynamic range with maximum number of
batches, is defined for quantitatively characterizing the enhancement in storage
capacity of batch thermal-fixing scheme for multiple holographic storage. Another parameter, M#ejf, termed as effective dynamic range is proposed to evaluate system's
storage ability, and hereby the effective dynamic range values corresponding to the number of batches are calculated and compared. The calculation result shows that, by using single fixing for multiple storage, the storage capability declines inevitably as nonvolatile storage has been realized. However, enhancing nonvolatile storage capability of a given storage system is possible by using batch thermal fixing scheme with a proper number of batches. And then, the method for determining the optimum number of batches for fixing a given number of holograms is present based on above research.
The diffraction efficiencies of multiple holograms recorded and fixed in different number of batches are calculated and analyzed. If a special exposure schedules calculated based on the characteristic time constants of batch fixing scheme is incorporated for equalized diffraction efficiency, the greater the number of batches is, the higher the equalized diffraction efficiency of fixed holograms. Owing to the batch-fixing scheme, the exposure time for recording individual hologram is more uniform and the total exposure time is short than that by using single-fixing scheme. Therefore, the noise such as crystal scattering due to long exposure time can be suppressed, and storage capability and fidelity can be improved.
The high-density holographic storage system, including on-line and off-line heating units, has been designed and implemented for our experiments. This system can be used to store no less than 10000 holograms, and it is flexible and practical to operate.
本论文分析比较了同时记录补偿和记录后补偿这两种基本热固定方法各自的特点，并且依据所在研究组独立提出的分批热固定的概念，研究了高密度全息存储的分批热固定方法及其流程。
本论文深入研究了分批存储定影过程中电子和离子在光照和高温作用下的动态特点，全面描述了全息图写入过程中的两种光擦除作用以及高温热定影过程中的补偿和平滑机制。依据Yariv的理论分析方法，理论描述了记录光对已定影的全息图的部分显影作用，据此首次提出用于量度离子补偿后的电子光栅光擦除效应的批间光擦除时间常数τF，并设计实验测得了批间光擦除时间常数τF。实验测出的多重全息光栅的各批间光擦除时间常数τF远大于每批内光栅间的擦除时间常数τE，与理论预期一致。并且依据上述两种光擦除时间常数，为分批存储热固定多重全息图的等衍射效率记录设计了曝光时序。
为了定量描述多重全息存储的分批热固定方法在提高存储容量上的优势，针对分批存储热固定技术，定义了光折变晶体的最大分批动态范围参量M _(max batch)~#，并且提出以有效动态范围参量M_(eff)~#评价系统存储能力。对不同分批存储固定的有效动态范围进行了计算比较。结果表明，采用多重全息存储的单次热固定技术，在实现非易失性多重全息存储同时，不可避免地降低了系统存储能力；而采用适当分批存储热固定技术，可以在实现非易失性存储的前提下提高原存储系统的存储能力。并且依据此研究结果进一步研究了最优分批方案问题。
北京工业大学理学博士学位论文
一
计算比较了以不同分批数存储热固定的多重全息图的衍射效率。结果表明，
采用分批存储热固定技术，所分的批次数越多，经等衍射效率曝光时序记录后的
全息图最终达到的等衍射效率值越高，并且所有全息图的写入曝光时间值越接
近。由于采用分批存储热固定技术，适当均化了所有全息图的曝光时间并缩短了
总曝光时间，从而可以降低噪声强度并提高全息图存储容量。
研制了包括在线与离线小型精密温控加热装置、晶体夹持器和角度——分维复
用光学读写系统等主要部分的高密度全息存储的热固定系统，该系统操作灵活并
具有实用性，其存储能力不少于 10000幅全息图。
在 Icm3晶体中完成了单点分批存储热固定 1000幅全息图与单点单次热固定
1000幅全息图的比较实验，并且采用信噪比损失系数 LSNR描述不同次数热定影
对图像质量的影响。实验结果表明，与单次存储热固定结果比较，分批存储热固
定的多重全息图具有显著增高的衍射效率和图像保真度。证实了分批存储热固定
是实现高衍射效率和高图像质量的高密度全息存储的优选方案。
本论文综合研究结果表明，采用分批存储热固定技术固定存储的多重全息图
具有较高的衍射效率、良好的图像质量、较长的寿命，可以无破坏性读出。采用
分批热固定技术可以充分利用光折变晶体材料的存储潜力，更适合于大规模全息
图的存储固定。
The high demand is placed on data storage technology as the information science and technology has been developed more and more rapidly in the last decade years. The holographic storage is one of the most promising optical storage technologies for high-density dada storage. The ability to store multiple holograms within a small volume of a storage material and to retrieve data pages with thousands of bits in parallel provides an attractive combination of high density and fast speed. While many parts of this technology have made good progress (such as increasing data storage density, reducing access time, improving performances of photorefractive memories, and the like), the volatility of the stored data in photorefractive materials has become serious obstacle to the practical realization of photorefractive holographic memories.
In the thesis, the technical process of batch thermal fixing for high-density holographic storage in photorefractive materials has been proposed based on the comparison between the two basic schemes of thermal fixing, post-recording fixing and fixing while recording. The dynamic behaviors of both electrons and irons in the case of light illumination and elevated temperature are analyzed, and hereby the optical erasure effect of subsequent recording light on fixed electronic gratings and the thermal erasure effect of subsequent heating on revealed ionic gratings are presented. According to theoretical model given by A. Yariv, the partial revealing effect of subsequent recording light on fixed holograms has been described, and accordingly inter-batch optical erasure time constant, F, is proposed to evaluate the optical erasure to electronic gratings compensated by ions. The special experiment for measuring the parameter F is designed and performed. The experimental result shows that inter-batch optical erasure time constant, F, is much longer than intra-batch optical erasure time constant, E, which agrees well with the theoretical prediction. Furthermore, the exposure schedule for recording holograms with equalized diffraction efficiency is designed based on the above-mentioned optical erasure time constants.
The parameter M#max_balch termed as dynamic range with maximum number of
batches, is defined for quantitatively characterizing the enhancement in storage
capacity of batch thermal-fixing scheme for multiple holographic storage. Another parameter, M#ejf, termed as effective dynamic range is proposed to evaluate system's
storage ability, and hereby the effective dynamic range values corresponding to the number of batches are calculated and compared. The calculation result shows that, by using single fixing for multiple storage, the storage capability declines inevitably as nonvolatile storage has been realized. However, enhancing nonvolatile storage capability of a given storage system is possible by using batch thermal fixing scheme with a proper number of batches. And then, the method for determining the optimum number of batches for fixing a given number of holograms is present based on above research.
The diffraction efficiencies of multiple holograms recorded and fixed in different number of batches are calculated and analyzed. If a special exposure schedules calculated based on the characteristic time constants of batch fixing scheme is incorporated for equalized diffraction efficiency, the greater the number of batches is, the higher the equalized diffraction efficiency of fixed holograms. Owing to the batch-fixing scheme, the exposure time for recording individual hologram is more uniform and the total exposure time is short than that by using single-fixing scheme. Therefore, the noise such as crystal scattering due to long exposure time can be suppressed, and storage capability and fidelity can be improved.
The high-density holographic storage system, including on-line and off-line heating units, has been designed and implemented for our experiments. This system can be used to store no less than 10000 holograms, and it is flexible and practical to operate.
引文
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