城市轨道交通直线尖轨道岔无缝化研究
|
摘要
城市轨道交通作为城市公共交通的骨干,以其大容量、准时快捷、安全高效的优势,对改善大城市人们出行问题、缓解大城市的交通拥堵状况,发挥了其它交通工具难以替代的作用,因此世界各国竞相发展。由于城市轨道交通相比国有铁路有其自身的特点,所以有必要结合城市轨道交通的特点深入研究符合我国城市轨道交通特点的轨道结构形式,为我国城市轨道交通事业的发展提供便利和保障。
道岔结构作为重要的轨道结构之一,是跨区间无缝线路的技术难点。我国地铁线路的道岔结构类型,一般有单开道岔、单渡线和交叉渡线等,道岔号数以12号、9号和7号道岔最为常用,其尖轨的平面线形分为直线尖轨和曲线尖轨。虽然直线型尖轨跟端存在活接头,稳定性较差,容易形成病害,但对于行车速度较低的城市轨道交通,其尖轨耐磨,使用寿命长,扳动力小,只须一点牵引,而且结构简单,左右开道岔可以互换使用,减少了现场备品的数量,因此在城市轨道交通中大量采用。而交叉渡线是车站咽喉区附近一种常见的道岔设备,可以在很小的范围内实现线路的两两对接,在很大程度上缩小了占地面积,在我国已建和在建的地铁线路中较多地使用,分析研究其受力和变形规律,及其设计理论和设计方法,可用于指导城市轨道交通道岔的设计、铺设及养护维修。但国内外很少对其进行过理论研究,综合考虑各种因素,本文选择9号直线尖轨交叉渡线模型进行研究分析。
本文针对城市轨道交通高架桥及地面线上铺设无砟轨道交叉渡线的特点,运用北京交通大学现有的有限元方法,建立了桥上无砟轨道9号直线尖轨交叉渡线道岔的纵横向耦合有限元模型,分析了交叉渡线的受力和变形,并于路基上无砟轨道交叉渡线以及弹性可弯曲线尖轨交叉渡线的受力变形规律进行了对比,分析了它们的异同点,给出高架桥上直线尖轨道岔取消缓冲区的检算算例;分析了影响桥上桥上无砟轨道直线尖轨交叉渡线受力和变形的主要因素:轨温变化幅度、扣件阻力、间隔铁、桥梁温度变化幅度、桥墩刚度、支座布置以及桥跨形式等,并初步尝试分析产生这些规律的原因。根据分析结果,对城市轨道交通桥上无砟轨道直线尖轨交叉渡线的设计提出了一些建议。
Urban rail transit is the main part in urban public transport. It has many advantages such as large traffic volume, prompt, convenience, security and high efficiency. It is the primary way to solve the problem of traffic jam in large cities, and the situation of passenger traffic in large cities can be improved. Its function can't be replaced by other means of communications. Therefore urban track transit is developed in many countries. Urban rail transit is different from national railway, so its own characteristics should be combined with when the track structure is researched. The research will be of great significance for the development of urban rail transit in our country.
As a kind of important track structure, switch is technical puzzle of continuously welded rail (CWR) track across section. In our subway line, there are Single point, Single crossover, Scissors crossing, etc. No.7, 9, 12 switch is more often, and there are two forms of turning part: straight switch and curve switch. Although movable joint is at heel end of straight switch and the stability is not ideal, the damage is prone to occur, with low running speed on urban rail transit, the merits are long service life, small trip force and single-point traction, and its structure is simple, left and right hand turnout is universal, reduce the quantities of sparse on job site, so it is widely used on urban rail transit. As a kind of common equipment on throat near metro station, crossing track crossover can be joined in a butt to butt way, and the floor area can be decreased obviously, so it is widely used in our country for the existed railway and the railway in construction. Analysis the regularity stress and displacement, and research design theory and method, can be used to supervise turnout design, laying, maintenance and repair. So far, the regularities of stress and deformation have not been studied, so in this paper, research has been done on No.9 straight switch of crossing track crossover.
Aiming at the characteristics of crossing track crossover in ballastless track of viaduct and railway on the ground in urban rail transit, using FEM of Beijing Jiaotong University, longitudinal and lateral coupling model of straight switch in crossing track crossover is established. The stress and deformation of crossing track crossover are analyzed. The results are compared with crossing track crossover in ballastless track on subgrade and the crossing track crossover of elastic flexible curve switch, and the common and different performances are analyzed. The calculation of cancelling buffer area for the condition of straight switch on bridge is proposed. The main influencing factors on stress and deformation of crossing track crossover in ballastless track on bridge are analyzed: rail temperature, fastening resistance, spacer block, bridge temperature, pier stiffness, layout of bearings, span types, etc, and tentative to analysis the reason of these regularity. Based on the analysis results, suggestions are put forward for design of crossing track crossover in ballastless track on bridge.
道岔结构作为重要的轨道结构之一,是跨区间无缝线路的技术难点。我国地铁线路的道岔结构类型,一般有单开道岔、单渡线和交叉渡线等,道岔号数以12号、9号和7号道岔最为常用,其尖轨的平面线形分为直线尖轨和曲线尖轨。虽然直线型尖轨跟端存在活接头,稳定性较差,容易形成病害,但对于行车速度较低的城市轨道交通,其尖轨耐磨,使用寿命长,扳动力小,只须一点牵引,而且结构简单,左右开道岔可以互换使用,减少了现场备品的数量,因此在城市轨道交通中大量采用。而交叉渡线是车站咽喉区附近一种常见的道岔设备,可以在很小的范围内实现线路的两两对接,在很大程度上缩小了占地面积,在我国已建和在建的地铁线路中较多地使用,分析研究其受力和变形规律,及其设计理论和设计方法,可用于指导城市轨道交通道岔的设计、铺设及养护维修。但国内外很少对其进行过理论研究,综合考虑各种因素,本文选择9号直线尖轨交叉渡线模型进行研究分析。
本文针对城市轨道交通高架桥及地面线上铺设无砟轨道交叉渡线的特点,运用北京交通大学现有的有限元方法,建立了桥上无砟轨道9号直线尖轨交叉渡线道岔的纵横向耦合有限元模型,分析了交叉渡线的受力和变形,并于路基上无砟轨道交叉渡线以及弹性可弯曲线尖轨交叉渡线的受力变形规律进行了对比,分析了它们的异同点,给出高架桥上直线尖轨道岔取消缓冲区的检算算例;分析了影响桥上桥上无砟轨道直线尖轨交叉渡线受力和变形的主要因素:轨温变化幅度、扣件阻力、间隔铁、桥梁温度变化幅度、桥墩刚度、支座布置以及桥跨形式等,并初步尝试分析产生这些规律的原因。根据分析结果,对城市轨道交通桥上无砟轨道直线尖轨交叉渡线的设计提出了一些建议。
Urban rail transit is the main part in urban public transport. It has many advantages such as large traffic volume, prompt, convenience, security and high efficiency. It is the primary way to solve the problem of traffic jam in large cities, and the situation of passenger traffic in large cities can be improved. Its function can't be replaced by other means of communications. Therefore urban track transit is developed in many countries. Urban rail transit is different from national railway, so its own characteristics should be combined with when the track structure is researched. The research will be of great significance for the development of urban rail transit in our country.
As a kind of important track structure, switch is technical puzzle of continuously welded rail (CWR) track across section. In our subway line, there are Single point, Single crossover, Scissors crossing, etc. No.7, 9, 12 switch is more often, and there are two forms of turning part: straight switch and curve switch. Although movable joint is at heel end of straight switch and the stability is not ideal, the damage is prone to occur, with low running speed on urban rail transit, the merits are long service life, small trip force and single-point traction, and its structure is simple, left and right hand turnout is universal, reduce the quantities of sparse on job site, so it is widely used on urban rail transit. As a kind of common equipment on throat near metro station, crossing track crossover can be joined in a butt to butt way, and the floor area can be decreased obviously, so it is widely used in our country for the existed railway and the railway in construction. Analysis the regularity stress and displacement, and research design theory and method, can be used to supervise turnout design, laying, maintenance and repair. So far, the regularities of stress and deformation have not been studied, so in this paper, research has been done on No.9 straight switch of crossing track crossover.
Aiming at the characteristics of crossing track crossover in ballastless track of viaduct and railway on the ground in urban rail transit, using FEM of Beijing Jiaotong University, longitudinal and lateral coupling model of straight switch in crossing track crossover is established. The stress and deformation of crossing track crossover are analyzed. The results are compared with crossing track crossover in ballastless track on subgrade and the crossing track crossover of elastic flexible curve switch, and the common and different performances are analyzed. The calculation of cancelling buffer area for the condition of straight switch on bridge is proposed. The main influencing factors on stress and deformation of crossing track crossover in ballastless track on bridge are analyzed: rail temperature, fastening resistance, spacer block, bridge temperature, pier stiffness, layout of bearings, span types, etc, and tentative to analysis the reason of these regularity. Based on the analysis results, suggestions are put forward for design of crossing track crossover in ballastless track on bridge.
引文
[1]铁路工务技术手册——道岔.中国铁道出版社.2003
[2]卢耀荣.无缝线路研究与应用.中国铁道出版社.2004
[3]张未,张步云.铁路跨区间无缝线路.北京.中国铁道出版社.2000
[4]范俊杰,陈岳源等.无缝道岔计算理论与试验分析研究研究报告.北京.北京交通大学,1999.1
[5]#12
[6]Shigeru Miura,Hideaki Yanagawa.Characteristics of axial force in rail at turnout integrated with continuous welded rail.Quarterly Report of RTRI(Railway Technical Research Institute)(Japan).1989.30(4):202-206
[7]谷爱军,范俊杰,高亮.60kg/m钢轨12号固定辙叉无缝道岔铺设的理论计算分析.北京交通大学学报.1999(1):65-68
[8]范俊杰.无缝道岔的受力与变形分析.北京交通大学学报,1993(1):107-111
[9]范俊杰,谷爱军,陈岳源.无缝道岔的理论与试验研究.铁道学报.2000(2):55-59
[10]刘衍峰,高亮.铁路无缝道岔计算理论的优化探讨.铁道标准设计.2005(4)
[11]蔡成标,翟婉明,王其昌.无缝提速道岔钢轨温度力与位移计算.西南交通大学学报.1997(5):513-517
[12]蔡成标,王其昌.30号无缝道岔钢轨温度力与位移计算分析.铁道学报.1999.21(4):51-54
[13]蔡成标,翟婉明,王其昌.无缝道岔钢轨纵向力与位移的研究.铁道学报.1997.19(1):83-88
[14]许实儒,童本浩.无缝道岔温度力分布与变形分析.铁道学报.1994.16(1):73-79
[15]陈秀方,李秋义,向延念,娄平.高速铁路无缝道岔结构体系分析广义变分原理.中国铁道科学.2002.23(1):58-62
[16]李秋义,陈秀方.基于广义变分原理的铁路无缝道岔计算理论.交通运输工程学报.2003.3(1):21-24
[17]曾志平,陈秀方.铁路无缝道岔计算方法的研究.中国铁道科学.2003.12(6):45-48
[18]孙大新,高亮,刘衍峰.桥上无碴轨道无缝道岔力学特性分析.北京交通大学学报[19]孙大新,高亮,刘衍峰.桥上无缝道岔的力学特性研究方法及其一般规律.2005铁路客运专线建设技术交流会论文集.37-40
[20]刘衍峰,高亮,冯雅薇.桥上无缝道岔有限元分析.北京交通大学学报
[21]跨区间无缝线路无缝道岔设计方法的优化研究.西南交通大学.北京交通大学.2003.3
[22]新建铁路桥上无缝线路设计暂行规定.中华人民共和国铁道部.2006.3
[23]王平.道岔区轮轨系统动力学的研究[D].西南交通大学
[24]王平.不同结构无缝道岔纵向力传递机理.西南交通大学学报.2003.8
[25]王平.道岔转辙器部分的力学特性分析.铁道学报.2000年2月
[26]杨荣山.王平.刘学毅.利用有限元软件计算无缝道岔的温度力.铁道建筑.2003年第12期
[27]于俊红.王平.无缝道岔钢轨温度力及位移影响因素分析.铁道标准设计.2002(6)
[28]王平.刘学毅.无缝道岔受力与变形的影响因素分析.中国铁道科学.2003年4月
[29]泰国曼谷地铁桥上几种渡线的无缝化设计计算研究.北京交通大学.2006.8
[30]新轨道力学.[日]左藤吉彦.中国铁道出版社.2001.北京
[31]郝瀛.铁道工程.中国铁道出版社.2002.北京
[32]现代铁路轨道.范俊杰.中国铁道出版社
[33]无缝道岔计算理论与试验研究分析报告.北京交通大学
[34]地铁设计规范GB50157-2003.中国计划出版社.2003.北京
[35]徐茂兵.地下铁道渡线.现代隧道技术.2002
[36]孙立.李秋义.无缝交叉渡线的钢轨温度力及位移研究.铁道勘测与设计.2004年第二期
[37]陶凯.高亮.陈鹏.桥上无缝交义渡线纵横向耦合模型.都市快轨交通.2007年第3期
[38]许有全,高亮,城市轨道交通用道岔有关问题的探讨,铁道标准设计,2003(5)
[39]于春华.地铁与轻轨用道岔.铁道标准设计.2004(8)
[40]高晓新.深圳地铁1期工程道岔图集的设计.地铁与轻轨3
[41]高晓新.地铁正线用道岔平面及号数的探讨.都市快轨交通.2004第3期
[42]高晓新.任静.地铁正线用道岔存在的问题及几点建议.地铁与轻轨.2003年第5期
[43]ANSYS基本过程手册
[44]ANSYS结构分析指南
[45]ANSYS建模与分网分析指南
[2]卢耀荣.无缝线路研究与应用.中国铁道出版社.2004
[3]张未,张步云.铁路跨区间无缝线路.北京.中国铁道出版社.2000
[4]范俊杰,陈岳源等.无缝道岔计算理论与试验分析研究研究报告.北京.北京交通大学,1999.1
[5]#12
[6]Shigeru Miura,Hideaki Yanagawa.Characteristics of axial force in rail at turnout integrated with continuous welded rail.Quarterly Report of RTRI(Railway Technical Research Institute)(Japan).1989.30(4):202-206
[7]谷爱军,范俊杰,高亮.60kg/m钢轨12号固定辙叉无缝道岔铺设的理论计算分析.北京交通大学学报.1999(1):65-68
[8]范俊杰.无缝道岔的受力与变形分析.北京交通大学学报,1993(1):107-111
[9]范俊杰,谷爱军,陈岳源.无缝道岔的理论与试验研究.铁道学报.2000(2):55-59
[10]刘衍峰,高亮.铁路无缝道岔计算理论的优化探讨.铁道标准设计.2005(4)
[11]蔡成标,翟婉明,王其昌.无缝提速道岔钢轨温度力与位移计算.西南交通大学学报.1997(5):513-517
[12]蔡成标,王其昌.30号无缝道岔钢轨温度力与位移计算分析.铁道学报.1999.21(4):51-54
[13]蔡成标,翟婉明,王其昌.无缝道岔钢轨纵向力与位移的研究.铁道学报.1997.19(1):83-88
[14]许实儒,童本浩.无缝道岔温度力分布与变形分析.铁道学报.1994.16(1):73-79
[15]陈秀方,李秋义,向延念,娄平.高速铁路无缝道岔结构体系分析广义变分原理.中国铁道科学.2002.23(1):58-62
[16]李秋义,陈秀方.基于广义变分原理的铁路无缝道岔计算理论.交通运输工程学报.2003.3(1):21-24
[17]曾志平,陈秀方.铁路无缝道岔计算方法的研究.中国铁道科学.2003.12(6):45-48
[18]孙大新,高亮,刘衍峰.桥上无碴轨道无缝道岔力学特性分析.北京交通大学学报[19]孙大新,高亮,刘衍峰.桥上无缝道岔的力学特性研究方法及其一般规律.2005铁路客运专线建设技术交流会论文集.37-40
[20]刘衍峰,高亮,冯雅薇.桥上无缝道岔有限元分析.北京交通大学学报
[21]跨区间无缝线路无缝道岔设计方法的优化研究.西南交通大学.北京交通大学.2003.3
[22]新建铁路桥上无缝线路设计暂行规定.中华人民共和国铁道部.2006.3
[23]王平.道岔区轮轨系统动力学的研究[D].西南交通大学
[24]王平.不同结构无缝道岔纵向力传递机理.西南交通大学学报.2003.8
[25]王平.道岔转辙器部分的力学特性分析.铁道学报.2000年2月
[26]杨荣山.王平.刘学毅.利用有限元软件计算无缝道岔的温度力.铁道建筑.2003年第12期
[27]于俊红.王平.无缝道岔钢轨温度力及位移影响因素分析.铁道标准设计.2002(6)
[28]王平.刘学毅.无缝道岔受力与变形的影响因素分析.中国铁道科学.2003年4月
[29]泰国曼谷地铁桥上几种渡线的无缝化设计计算研究.北京交通大学.2006.8
[30]新轨道力学.[日]左藤吉彦.中国铁道出版社.2001.北京
[31]郝瀛.铁道工程.中国铁道出版社.2002.北京
[32]现代铁路轨道.范俊杰.中国铁道出版社
[33]无缝道岔计算理论与试验研究分析报告.北京交通大学
[34]地铁设计规范GB50157-2003.中国计划出版社.2003.北京
[35]徐茂兵.地下铁道渡线.现代隧道技术.2002
[36]孙立.李秋义.无缝交叉渡线的钢轨温度力及位移研究.铁道勘测与设计.2004年第二期
[37]陶凯.高亮.陈鹏.桥上无缝交义渡线纵横向耦合模型.都市快轨交通.2007年第3期
[38]许有全,高亮,城市轨道交通用道岔有关问题的探讨,铁道标准设计,2003(5)
[39]于春华.地铁与轻轨用道岔.铁道标准设计.2004(8)
[40]高晓新.深圳地铁1期工程道岔图集的设计.地铁与轻轨3
[41]高晓新.地铁正线用道岔平面及号数的探讨.都市快轨交通.2004第3期
[42]高晓新.任静.地铁正线用道岔存在的问题及几点建议.地铁与轻轨.2003年第5期
[43]ANSYS基本过程手册
[44]ANSYS结构分析指南
[45]ANSYS建模与分网分析指南